《环境能源技术》

确认能效潜力和节能时机：技术信息和对标IdentifyingEnergyEfficiencyPotentialandSavingsOpportunities:TechnicalInformationandBenchmarking重点耗能企业最正确节能实践国际研讨会Motivation促动因素Industryconsumes36%ofglobalprimaryenergy工业部门消耗了36％的全球一次能源

TheEnvironmentalChallenge环境挑战Highlevelsofindustrialproductionandenergyusecanhaveseriousenvironmentalconsequencesincluding:大规模的工业生产和高能耗造成了严重的环境污染airpollution空气污染waterpollution水污染industrialwaste工业废物greenhousegasemissionscontributingtoglobalwarming温室气体排放带来的全球气候的变暖Untappedpotentialenergyefficiencyimprovementsalsorepresenteconomiclosses不挖掘提高能效的潜力也相当于造成经济损失Improvedenergyefficiencywillreducemanyoftheseemissionsandsavemoney能效的提高将减少污染物的排放和节约本钱。Informational,estimatorandmanagementtools信息、预测和管理工具EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyENERGYSTAR®forIndustry环保署的工业能源之星DepartmentofEnergyIndustrialTechnologiesProgramToolsDOE工业技术工程工具CaseStudiesandBestPractices案例研究和最正确实践OutlineBenchmarkingandbenchmarkingtools对标和对标工具Overview回忆ExamplesofBenchmarkingAroundtheWorld世界对标范例Differentmethodsofbenchmarkingandexamplesofeach不同方法的对标和范例Norway’sIEENProgram挪威IEEN工程EPA’sEnergyPerformanceIndicator(EPI)环保署的能效指标TheNetherlands'BenchmarkingCovenants荷兰对标契约LBNL’sBenchmarkingandEnergySavingsTool(BEST)LBNL对标和节能工具Outline概要U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency

美国环保署ENERGYSTAR

能源之星VoluntaryU.S.governmentprogramthathelpsmanufacturersprotecttheenvironmentthroughsuperiorenergyefficiency美国政府部门的自愿工程，旨在通过提高能效，帮助生产商保护环境Over450partnercompaniesinawiderangeofindustries超过450合作公司，涉及工业各个领域:///index.cfm?c=industry.bus_industryU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency

美国环境署Providesenergymanagementresourcesforenergymanagers为能源管理者提供能源管理信息Promotessharingofideas,networking&recognition促进信息共享、网络和共识EnergyGuidebooks-technicalopportunitiesassessmentreportforplantandenergymanagers(nextslides)能源指南－为企业和能源管理者提供技术评价报告Energyperformanceindicatorforenterprisesto“benchmark〞energyefficiency(discussedlater)企业能源性能指标，以同能效进行对标ENERGYSTAR

能源之星:///index.cfm?c=industry.bus_industryEnergyGuides(1)能源指南〔1〕Industryoverview工业概况Processdescription工艺描述Energyusesummary能耗概要Energyefficiencyopportunities提高能效时机Briefoverviewoftechnologyorpractice技术或实践的简要概述Limitationsonapplicability(ifany)应用的局限性〔如果有〕Typicalenergysavings典型的节能量Typicalsimplepaybackperiod典型的简单回收期Casestudydatafromreal-worldindustrialapplications工业实际应用的案例数据Referencestofurtherinformationinthepublicdomain出版物未来信息的参考:///index.cfm?c=industry.bus_industryEnergyGuides(2)能源指南〔2〕Writtenspecificallyforplantandenergymanagers主要为企业和能源管理者提供书面的材料Reviewedbyindustryprofessionalsandexperts由工业专业人员和专家评审Goalsoftheguides指南目标Reduceinformationbarriers减少信息障碍Quantifyenergyandsavings能源和节能量化Checklistofpotentialefficiencyopportunitiestobeevaluated评价提高节能潜力时机的清单Startingpointformoredetailedanalysisofselectedmeasures成为所选择的措施进行更详细分析的起点Supportin“makingthecase〞forenergyandwaterefficiencymeasureswithinanorganization为节能和节水措施“制造案例〞提高支持Highlightindustrysuccessstories突出工业成功的案例…saveenergy,moneyandtheenvironment…:///index.cfm?c=industry.bus_industryU.S.DepartmentofEnergyTools

美国能源部的能源工具AIRMaster+CombinedHeatandPower(CHP)FanSystemAssessmentTool(FSAT)MotorMaster+NOxandEnergyAssessment(NxEAT)ProcessHeatingAssessmentandSurveyTool(PHAST)QuickPlantEnergyProfiler(PEP)SteamSystems:///industry/bestpractices/software.htmlAIRMaster+热电联产风机系统评价工具电机氮氧化物和能源评价工艺热评价和调查工具快速了解企业能源概况蒸汽系统U.S.DepartmentofEnergyTools

美国能源部能源工具

Modelthesupply-sideofautilitysystemstoidentifyefficiencyimprovementopportunitiesUseplant-specificdataEvaluatetheoperationalcostsforvariousequipmentconfigurationsandsystemprofilesProvideestimatesofpotentialsavingsgainedfromselectedenergyefficiencymeasuresandcalculatestheassociatedsimplepaybackperiods:///industry/bestpractices/software.html电力系统需求侧管理模式，以确定提高能效时机使用工厂自己的数据评价不同设备和系统状况的运行本钱提供预测的不同能效措施的节能潜力和计算相关的简单回收期U.S.DepartmentofEnergyTools

美国能源部能源工具QuickPEPUsesbasicinformationaboutmajorenergy-consumingsystems,enteredbytheuser,tocreateareportthatprofilesplantenergyusage.Identifiesspecifictargetedwaystoeconomicallysaveenergyandhelpreduceenvironmentalemissionsassociatedwithenergyproductionanduse.快速了解企业能源概况用户只要输入有关主要耗能系统的用能根底情况，就可以生成企业用能情况的报告确认具体的、有针对性的、经济可行的节能措施，有助于减少与能源生产和利用相关的环境排放。Descriptionofwhereacommercially-availabletechnologyormeasurehasbeenputinplaceinindustryProvidesdataonTypicalenergysavingsCostsSimplepaybackperiodCaseStudiesIllustrateBestPractice

以案例说明最正确实践 描述在企业使用过什么样的商业可行的技术或措施提供以下的数据典型的节能量本钱简单投资回收期Forexample,ametalsextrusioncompanyintheUKreplaced5motorswithhighefficiencymotors.例如：英国一家金属挤压公司利用高效电机替代5个电机Savings=11,660kWh/year节约＝11,660kWh/年Costs=$2021(1992US$)本钱＝$2021(1992US$)Paybackperiod=1.6years投资回收期＝1.6年FromtheCADDETdatabase来自CADDET数据库Energy-EfficiencyTechnologiesandMeasuresforIndustry工业能效技术和措施USEPAEnergyStarforIndustryProgram(with#ofmeasuresforeach)美国EPA能源之星的工业工程Autoassembly:93汽车装配：93Breweries:45酿造：45Cement:40水泥：40CornRefining:95玉米加工：95Foodprocessing:150食品加工：150Glass:114玻璃：114Petrochemicals:100石化：100Petroleumrefining:90石油炼制：90Pharmaceuticals:102医药：102PulpandPaper(ongoing)纸浆和造纸〔在进行中〕Energy-EfficiencyTechnologiesandMeasuresforIndustry工业能效技术和措施USDOEIndustrialTechnologiesProgram美国能源部工业技术工程~90newtechnologies“fortoday〞foraluminum,chemicals,forestproducts,glass,metalcasting,plastics,mining,petroleumrefining,steel约有90新技术可以运用到铝、化工、森林产品、玻璃、金属铸造、塑料、开采、石油炼制、钢Energy-efficienttechnologiesforindustrialsystems(motors,steam,compressedair,etc.)工业系统能源技术(电机、蒸汽、空压等)Australia’sEnergyEfficiencyBestPracticeProgram澳大利亚能效最正确实践工程://.au/TheEuropeanUnion’sManagenergyProgram欧盟管理工程:///casestudies.htmlInternationalEnergyAgency’sCenterfortheAnalysisandDisseminationofDemonstratedEnergyTechnologies(CADDET)database国际能源署中心的能源技术示范分析和推广数据库:///Japan’sEnergyConservationCenter(ECC)factsheetswithdata日本节能中心的数据表:///projects/promeec/td.php?link=td&page=industryNaturalResourcesCanada(NRCan)OfficeofEnergyEfficiency(OEE)/CanadianIndustryProgramforEnergyConservation(CIPEC)加拿大自然资源能效办公室/加拿大工业节能工程://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/cipec/ieep/index.cfmExamplesofCaseStudiesandBestPractices(1)

案例例证和最正确实践〔1〕TheNetherlands’sSenterNovemAgencyforEnergyandEnvironment荷兰能源环境署〔SenterNovem〕://senternovem.nl/mja/energie_efficiency/energiebesparende_maatregelen/index.aspUK’sCarbonTrust://carbontrust.co.uk/energy英国碳基金U.S.DepartmentofEnergyOffice(DOE)ofIndustrialTechnologiesBestPracticeProgram:///industry/bestpractices/美国能源部工业技术最正确实践工程U.S.DOEIndustrialAssessmentCenter(IAC)database美国能源部工业评价中心数据库:///database/ExamplesofCaseStudiesandBestPractices(2)

案例例证和最正确实践〔2〕BenchmarkingTools:Overview

对标工具：概述TeststheperceptionofefficiencyatanenterpriseAssessenergyoremissionreductionpotentialsandcostsavingsExperiencewithbenchmarkingprogramsworldwidehaveshownincreasedattentionforenergyefficiency,emissionreductionsandperformance检测企业能效情况评价能源或减排潜力和节约本钱提供对标工程的国际经验，以增加对能效、减排和运行的关注。BenchmarkingTools:Overview

对标工具：概述Methodsofcomparison:PeersNationalorregionalbestpracticeInternationalbestpracticeBenchmarkingcanleadtoTarget-Setting:determiningalong-rangegoalforimprovementBasedonassessmentofplantenergyefficiencyandemissionsreductionpotentialCommonapproachinindustrializedcountries比较方法同等水平国家或地区最正确实践国际最正确实践对标可导致目标的制定：确定长期的目标基于企业能效和减排潜力的评价工业化国家的一般方法BenchmarkingToolExamples对标例证PrivateSectorToolsliketheSolomonIndex(peertopeer)NRCan’sCanadianIndustrialProgrammeforEnergyConservation(CIPEC)(peertopeer)UK’sBestPracticeProgram(peertopeerandtemporal)Norway’sIEENProgram(peertopeer)USEPA’sEnergyPerformanceIndicator(EPI)(regionalbestpractice)TheNetherlandsBenchmarkingCovenants(internationalbestpractice)LBNL’sBenchmarkingandEnergySavingsTool(BEST)(internationalbestpractice)私营部门工具－Solomon指数〔对等〕加拿大工业节能工程〔对等〕英国最正确实践工程挪威IEEN工程美国EPA能效指数〔地区最正确实践〕荷兰对标契约〔国际最正确实践〕LBNL对标和节能工具〔国际最正确实践〕Methodsofcomparison:比较方法PeersNationalorregionalbestpracticeInternationalbestpractice对等国家或地区最正确实践国际最正确实践Benchmarkplantsinseveralindustriesagainsteachother不同工业部门内企业之间对标Basedonannualcompanyreports基于公司年度报告Dairyindustryspecificenergyconsumption乳制品行业单耗Norway’sIndustrialEnergyEfficiencyNetwork(IEEN)挪威工业能效网络PeersNationalorregional

bestpracticeInternationalbestpracticeMethodsofcomparison:比较方法对等国家或地区最正确实践国际最正确实践EPI:EnvironmentalPerformanceIndicator

环境指数Ranksanenterprise’senergyperformancewithintheUSindustrynormalizedtotheenterprise’sconfigurationBasedonUSCensusdataAlsobasedonproductoutputsortootherfactorsbeyondcontrolofplantmanager,forexample:Specifictypeormixtureofproducts产品具体类型或结构Otherfactorsthatcorrelatewithenergyuse,e.g.laborhours,weatherBasisforawardingtheENERGYSTARlabelforaplantComparesenterpriseefficiencyrelativetothoseofitsindustry同相关行业的企业进行能效比较在美国同等企业规模范围内，就企业的能效情况进行排队基于美国的普查数据同时也基于产品产量或基于企业管理者不可控制的其他因素，例如：产品具体类型或结构同能耗相关联的其他因素，例如：工时，气候成为为企业授“能源之星〞标识的依据EPI–Nationallevelranking；国家水平排序Methodsofcomparison:比较方式PeersNationalorregionalbestpracticeInternationalbestpractice同等国家或地区最正确实践国际最正确实践TheNetherlandsCovenants荷兰契约GoalistobecomeworldleadersCompaniesevaluatetheirdistancefrom“bestintheworld〞throughstudiesthatareoverseenbySenterNovemExpert3rdpartydeterminesinternationalbestpracticeenergyefficiency: Topregion(intermsofenergyefficiency)outsideTheNetherlandsthatiscomparableintermsofsizeandplants.AverageofthatregionisthebenchmarkRankingcomparableplantsoutsideTheNetherlandsandtakingthetop10%asthebenchmarkBestoperatingplantworldwide.Benchmarkissetat10%belowthebestplant

目标是成为世界领先者通过开展对SenterNovem监督工程的研究，评价本公司同“世界上最好水平〞的距离专家第三方确定能效国际最正确实践 荷兰之外的，企业规模和类型可比的地区〔能效方面〕。这个地区的平均水平就是对标的水平荷兰之外可比企业的排序，排序最前的10％作为对标世界运行最好的企业。对标水平定在小于10％的最正确企业

BEST:BenchmarkingandEnergySavingsTool

对标和节能工具〔BEST〕BESTprovidesabenchmarkscoreforeachfacilityindicatingitsdistancefrominternationalbestpracticeintermsofenergyBEST为每个设备提供了对标的核心，以说明在能效方面同国际最正确实践的距离Comparesonlyenergytobestpractices,keepingothervariablesthesame.只比对能源情况，其他变量不变Forexampleforcement,thebestpracticeenterpriseproducesthesameamountofcement,thesamegradesofcementandusesthesameinputrawmaterialsbutit(orthey)usesthemostefficientenergytechnologiestodoso例如：最正确实践的水泥企业生产量同等，同样标号的水泥，使用同样的原材料，但使用高效技术。BESTallowsfordevelopmentofanefficiency improvementplanandtarget-settingBEST制定提高能效方案和目标制定BESTGlobalbestpractice全球最正确实践Noissueswithproprietarydata没有数据所有权的问题Takesintoaccountfactorsspecifictoenterpriseevaluated考虑到所评价企业的具体因素Weheardthis:“myindustryisdifferent.Youcannotbenchmarkmyindustrybecausetherearetoomanyvariables–rawmaterialsaredifferent,weproducedifferentproducts,bigfacilitiesaredifferentthansmallfacilities,locationaffectsenergyuse…〞我们听说过:“我们的行业不同。你们不能同我们行业进行对标，因为其中存在许多不定因素－原材料不同、生产不同的产品、大设备不同于小设备和能源利用受当地环境影响…〞WecreatedBEST我们创立了BESTProvidesadditionalenergyefficiencymenufortargetsettingandenergymanagement为目标的制定和能源管理提供进一步的能效菜单Allowslow-costandeasyevaluationofpotential低本钱和易评价的潜力AdvantagesofBESTBEST的优势BESTEnergyEfficiencyIndex

BEST的能效指数 EEI =energyefficiencyindex能效指数 n =numberofproductstobeaggregated累计产品数量 EIi =actualenergyintensityforproductI产品l实际能耗 EIi,BP =bestpracticeenergyintensityforproducti产品i最正确能耗 Pi =productionquantityforproducti.产品i质量 Etot =totalactualenergyconsumptionforallproducts所有产品的实践总能耗ExampleboundaryofanalysisforcementQuarrying&MiningMaterialsRawMaterialsPreparationFinishGrindingDryingAdditivesBaggingand/orBulkTransportPreparingAdditives(gypsum,flyash,etc.)rawmaterialsRawmealclinkerPreparingFuelsClinkerMakingfuelspreparedadditivesdriedadditivescementEstablishingBoundariesandIdentifyingEnergy-IntensiveProcesses:Cement

建立边界和确定高耗能工业：水泥InputSheet输入表ProductionData生产数据Rawmaterialsinput原材料的投入KilnType窑型Clinkeroutput熟料产量Cementoutput水泥产量GradesofCement水泥型号EnergyData能源数据Amount(kWhandtce)byprocessstep工序用能Costs(yuan/kWhortce)本钱(元/度或tce)BenchmarkingResults对标结果EnergyIntensityIndex(EII) 147能源强度指数DetailedResults具体结果PotentialforEfficiencyImprovements节能潜力Electricity(kWhsaved/year)电 6,300,000Fuel(kgcesaved/year)燃料 5,580,000PrimaryEnergy(kgcesaved/year)一次能源 5,600,000CostReduction本钱节约Electricity($/year)电 350,000Fuel($/year) 燃料 200,000Total($/year) 总计 550,000CarbonReductionPotential减碳潜力Total(metrictonCO2/year)总量 19,000HypotheticalBenchmarkingResults

假设的对标结果InternationalBestPractice国际最佳实践050100150200250300350400450RawMaterialsPreparation原料制备ClinkerProduction熟料生产CementGrinding水泥研磨TotalPlant全厂能效指数EnergyEfficiencyIndex(EEI)Indicatestechnicalpotential表明技术潜力实践能效指数Actualenergyefficiencyindex(EEI)EnergyEfficiencyOpportunities节能时机Extensivemenuofenergy-efficiencyorcarbonemissionreductionmeasuresthatcouldbeimplemented可实施的能效或减排措施清单Cross-cutting:motorsystems,fans,compressedair,lighting跨行业：电机系统、风机、空压机、照明Process-related:allmajorprocesstechnologies(kilnupgrades,blending)同工艺相关：所有主要的工艺〔窑炉升级，混磨〕Eachmeasure措施Typicalenergysavingspertonproduct(clinkerorcement)产品单耗〔熟料或水泥〕Costofimplementation实施本钱Typicalpaybackperiod投资回收期Onceoptionsforimplementationareselected,BESTcalculatesnew,potentialEEIforplant一旦实施方案选定，BEST计算企业新的潜力Facilitates“scenarioplaying〞协助“方案〞的实施Providesaroadmapforimprovement提供改进路线图BEST:Target-SettingBEST：目标制定HypotheticalBenchmarkingResults

假设对标结果InternationalBestPractice国际最佳实践050100150200250300350400450RawMaterialsPreparation原料备制ClinkerProduction熟了生产CementGrinding水泥磨制TotalPlant全厂能效指标EnergyEfficiencyIndex(EEI)Indicatestechnicalpotential表明技术潜力Actualenergyefficiencyindex(EEI)实践能效指标HypotheticalBenchmarkingResults

假设对标结果InternationalBestPractice国际最佳实践050100150200250300350400450RawMaterialsPreparation原料备制ClinkerProduction熟料生产CementGrinding水泥磨制TotalPlant全厂能效指数EnergyEfficiencyIndex(EEI)Actualenergyefficiencyindex(EEI)实践能效潜力Potentialenergyefficiencyindex(EEI)能效潜力指数Indicatestechnicalpotential表明技术潜力Conclusions结论ManycasestudiesandotherinformationonbestpracticesinenergyefficiencyforindustryareavailablearoundtheworldWhilethereisvalueinpeertopeerorregionallevelbenchmarking,benchmarkingtointernationalbestpracticeassuresgoalsaresettothehigheststandardsforenergyefficiencyObtainingascoreisonlyafirststep,providingenterpriseswithinformationonopportunitiesfortheirplantsisessentialtohelpingthemachievetheirpotential世界上有许多现成的工业能效最正确实践的案例和相关的其他信息同等水平或地区的对标具有重要性，但同国际最正确实践进行对标可以带来最高的能效标准获得成绩只是刚开始，重要的是为企业提供相关信息帮助他们实现潜力。ForFurtherInformation联系信息ChristinaGalitsky(CGalitsky@)LynnPrice(LKPrice@)LBNLIndustrialEndUseAnalysisWebsite::////LBNLChinaGroupWebsite:://BESTWebsite::///node/100Publications::////publicationsBackupSlides…备份材料U.S.DepartmentofEnergyTools

美国能源部能源工具NOxandEnergyAssessmentTool(NxEAT)氮氧化物和能源评价工具〔NxEAT〕AnalyzestheeffectsofNOxreductionsmethodsandenergyefficiencypracticesbyprovidingequipmentinventoryandconfigurationinformation.分析减少Nox排放措施的效果，以及分析通过提供设备清单和结构信息而实施的能效实践的效果Thetooltargetsspecificsystems,suchasfiredheaters,boilers,gasturbines,andreciprocatingenginestohelpidentifytheNOxandenergysavingspotentialsassociatedwitheachoption.Thetoolalsoprovidescalculatorsthataidincomparisonsbetweenoptions.本能源工具是针对具体的系统，例如燃烧炉、锅炉，燃气透平和往复式发动机，其目的在于帮助确认与措施选择相关的Nox减排和节能潜力。此能源工具也成为便于进行措施之间比较的计算器。:///industry/bestpractices/software.htmlBESTHistoryBEST的历史BESTwasdevelopedaspartofapilotpolicydevelopmentprogramintheironandsteelindustryinChinaBEST的开发是作为中国钢铁行业进行政策开发示范工程的一局部tohelpsettargetsforaVoluntaryAgreementprogram帮助自愿协议工程制定目标assessperformanceoftwoparticipatingsteelplants评价两个参与钢厂的能源指标BEST-SteelwasbuiltondatainputformattypicallyusedbyChineseironandsteelplantstoreportenergydataBEST-Steel数据输入格式是中国钢铁企业的能源报表通常使用的格式BEST-Steelhasbeentestedandusedbytwomedium-scaleintegratedironandsteelplantsinShandongprovinceBESI-Steel已在山东两个中型钢铁联合企业中应用并得到验证BESThasalsobeendevelopedforthewineryindustryandusedbyanumberofwineriesinCaliforniaBEST也被开发成能够应用到造酒行业，并应用到加州许多的造酒厂PreliminarylistofEnergyEfficiencyOptionsfortheCementIndustry

水泥行业能效措施初步清单EnergyEfficiencyOptionsfortheIronandSteelIndustry钢铁行业的能效措施EnergyEfficiencyOptionsfortheWineIndustry造酒行业的能效措施BEST–SteelBEST－钢厂DevelopedforevaluatingenergyefficiencypotentialoftwosteelmillsinShandongProvince,China(articleinpress)开发的目的是为了评价中国山东两个钢铁企业的能效潜力Usedtosetenergyefficiencytargetsaspartofnegotiatedenergyefficiencyagreements(alsocalledvoluntaryagreements)使用的目的在于制定能效目标，已作为能效协议谈判的一局部FundedbyEnergyFoundation’sChinaSustainableEnergyProgramandU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(informationusedasbackgroundfortool)由能源基金会中国可持续性能源工程和美国环保署支持BEST–WineryBEST-酿酒行业BEST:BenchmarkingandEnergySavingToolforWineriesfor:造酒行业的对标和节能工具Energyuse能源利用Wateruse水利用Development,demonstrationandtrainingatwineriesinCalifornia在加州酿酒行业开发、示范和培训PartneredwithFetzerVineyards,aleadingcompanyinsustainablepracticesinthewineindustry同FetzerVineyards公司合作，在酿酒行业开展可持续实践的主要公司FundedbyCaliforniaEnergyCommission–FoodIndustryEnergyResearch(FIER)program由加州能源委员会的食品行业能源研究工程资助WineindustryisanimportanteconomicsectorinCalifornia酿酒行业是加州重要的经济部门Over1100wineries(ofwhich140over20employees)超过1100酿酒厂Shipmentsover$5.5Billion,makingitthesecondlargestfoodindustryintheState货运超过55亿美元，是加州第二大食品行业WineriesaresecondlargestelectricityconsumerintheCAfoodindustry,consumingover400GWh/year在加州食品行业中，酿酒业是第二大电力消费者，年消耗超过400GWhBESTWinery(completedMay‘05):BEST－酿酒行业〔2005年5月完成〕Benchmarksenergyintensityandwaterintensityinawinery就酿酒业的能耗和水耗进行对标Includesanassessmentofallcost-effectiveenergyandwaterefficiencyopportunities(Definedasthosewithanenergypaybackof3-4years,plusthosecommonlyusedinwineries)包括能源和水效时机全本钱有效性的评价〔能源回收期3－4年)Isapplicableforsmallerandmediumsizedwineries适用于中小型酿酒厂LBNLandFetzerVineyardsdevelopedtestversionandseveralwineriesbeta-