大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷6(含答案及解析)

大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷6（题后含答案及解析）

题型有：1.

RecentlyIattendedseveralmeetingswherewetalkedaboutwaystoretain

studentsandkeepyoungerfacultymembersfromgoingelsewhere.Itseems

highereducationhasbecomeanindustryofmeeting-holderswhosetaskitisto

“solve“problems一realorimagined.Andinmypositionasaprofessoratthree

differentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingouryoungpeopleandolder

studentshavedeepened,whilethenumberofpeoplehired一nottoteachbuttohold

meetings一hasincreasedsignificantly.Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforan

administrativefixer.TakeourCenterforTeachingExcellence.Contrarytoitstitle,the

centerisaclearinghouse（信息交流中心）forusingtechnologyinclassroomsandin

onlinecourses.It'sanadministrativesham（欺诈）ofthekindthathasmultipliedover

thelast30years.Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems

一classattendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being一mightbe

improvedbycuttingdownthebureaucratic（官僚的）mechanismsandmeetingsand

insteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaff

withclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20or

fewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswouldbeanenvironmentinwhichteachersand

studentsactuallykneweachother.Theteachersmustbefreetoteachintheirown

way一thecurriculumshouldbeflexibleenoughsothattheycanusetheirindividual

talentstoachievethegoalsofthecourse.Additionally,theyshouldbeallowedto

teach,andberewardedfordoingitwell.Teachersarenotpeoplewhoaregreatatand

consumedbyresearchandhappentoappearinaclassroom.Goodteachingand

researcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomaticcompanions.Teachingisan

artandacraft,talentandpractice:itisnotsomethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.

Itisutterlyconfusingtomethatpeopledonotrecognizethis,despitethefactthat

prettymuchanyonewhohasbeenastudentcantellthedifferencebetweentheirbest

andworstteachers.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpresent-dayuniversities?

A.Theyareeffectivelytacklingrealorimaginedproblems.

B.Theyoftenfailtocombineteachingwithresearch.

C-Theyareover-burdenedwithadministrativestaff.

D.Theylacktalenttofixtheirdeepeningproblems.

正确答案：c

解析：事实细节题。由定位句可知，从作者自己的亲身经历来看，虽然雇用

的行政人员越来越多，可教育面临的真正的问题却日趋严重,这就是当今的大学，

由此推断，当今大学面临的问题就是行政人员过多，故答案为C）。

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatkindofpeopledouniversitieslackmost?

A-Goodclassroomteachers.

B.Efficientadministrators.

C-Talentedresearchers.

D.Motivatedstudents.

正确答案：A

解析：推理判断题。定位句提到，众多问题都可以通过削减官僚机构和会议,

同时雇用一大批优秀的教师来解决，由此推断，大学缺乏的应该是好老师，故答

案为A）o

3.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheclassesatpresent?

A.Theyfacilitatestudents9independentlearning.

B.Theyhelpstudentsformcloserrelationships.

C-Theyhavemoreolderstudentsthanbefore.

D.Theyaremuchbiggerthanisdesirable.

正确答案：D

解析：推理判断题。定位句指出，如果我们能将半数的行政人员用课堂教师

来代替，那么我们就可以把每个班级中学生的数量降至20人或更少，而这样的

环境才有利于老师和学生彼此真正了解，因此作者暗示目前的班级学生人数过

多，故答案为D）。

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofteachingability?

A.Itrequirestalentandpractice.

B.Itiscloselyrelatedtoresearch.

C.Itisachieffactoraffectingstudents5learning.

D.Itcanbeacquiredthroughpersistentpractice.

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。定位句提到教书是一门艺术，也是手艺，教书需要天分

和积累，并非每个人都能胜任，故答案为A）。

5.Whatistheauthor9ssuggestionforimprovinguniversityteaching?

A.Creatinganenvironmentforteacherstosharetheirteachingexperiences.

B.Hiringmoreclassroomteachersandallowingthemtoteachintheirownway.

C.Usinghightechnologyinclassroomsandpromotingexchangeofinformation.

D.Cuttingdownmeetingsandencouragingadministrativestafftogoto

classrooms.

正确答案：B

解析：推理判断题。在第三段的首句中，作者提出我们的众多问题都可以通

过多雇用优秀的教师来解决。在第四段首句中，作者指出老师必须被给予以自己

的方式授课的自由才能实现课程目标，故答案为B）。

Thesecrettoeatinglessandbeinghappyaboutitmayhavebeencracked

yearsago一byMcDonald's.AccordingtoanewstudyfromCornellUniversity'sFood

andBrandLab,smallnon-foodrewards一likethetoysinMcDonald'sHappyMeals

一stimulatethesamerewardcentersinthebrainasfooddoes.Theresearchers,

ledbyMartinReimann,carriedoutaseriesofexperimentstoseeifpeoplewould

chooseasmallermealifitwaspairedwithanon-fooditem.Theyfoundthatthe

majorityofbothkidsandadultsoptedforahaltsizedportionwhencombinedwitha

prize.Bothoptionswerepricedthesame.Evenmoreinterestingisthatthe

promiseofafuturerewardwasenoughtomakeadultschoosethesmallerportion.

Oneoftheprizesusedwasalotteryticket（彩票）,witha$10,$50or$100payout,

andthiswasaseffectiveasatangiblegiftinpersuadingpeopletoeatless."The

factthatparticipantswerewillingtosubstitutepartofafooditemforthemere

prospectofarelativelysmallmonetaryawardisinteresting,,9saysReimann.He

theorizesthatitistheemotionalcomponentoftheseintangibleprizesthatmakethem

effective.Infact,vaguely-statedpossibilitiesofwinningaprizeweremoreeffective

thanoptionswithhardoddsincluded."Oneexplanationforthisfindingisthat

possibleawardsmaybemoreemotionallyprovokingthancertaintyawards,"says

Reimann."Theuncertaintyofwinningprovidesaddedattractionanddesirability

throughemotional'thrills.'Thepossibilityofreceivinganawardalsoproducesa

stateofhope一astatethatisinitselfpsychologicallyrewarding."Inotherwords,

there'sareasonwhypeopleliketogamble.Howmightthisknowledgebeusedto

helppeopleeatmorehealthily?Onepossibilityisahealthyoptionthatoffersthe

chancetowinaspa（温泉疗养）weekend.Ormaybetherewardofahalf-sizedportion

couldbeahalf-sizeddesserttobeclaimedonlyonafuturedate.Thatwouldgetyou

backintherestaurant一andmakeyoueatalittleless.

6.WhatdowelearnaboutMcDonald'sinclusionoftoysinitsHappyMeals?

A.Itmayshedlightonpeople'sdesiretocrackasecret.

B.IthasprovedtobekeytoMcDonald'sbusinesssuccess.

C.Itappealstokid'scuriositytofindoutwhatishiddeninside.

D.Itmaybeapleasantwayforkidstoreducetheirfoodintake.

正确答案：D

解析：推理判断题。定位段指出，麦当劳欢乐套餐中的玩具可以和食物一样

刺激大脑中的奖赏中枢，让人们吃得少，还可以感受到快乐，故答案为D）。

7.WhatisthefindingoftheresearchersledbyMartinReimann?

A.ReducingfoodintakeisnotthatdifficultifpeoplegotoMcDonald7B.9smore.

B.Mostkidsandadultsdon'tactuallyfeelhungrywhentheyeathalfoftheir

meal.

C.Eatingasmallerportionoffooddoesgoodtothehealthofkidsandadults

alike.

D.Mostkidsandadultswouldchooseasmallermealthatcamewithanon-food

item.

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。定位句指出，他们发现，绝大多数的孩子和成年人都愿

意选择带有奖励的减半食物。此处的他们是指代上一段中提到的莱曼领导的研究

人员，故答案为D）。

8.WhatismostinterestinginMartinReimann'sfinding?

A.Kidspreferredanawardintheformofmoneytooneintheformofatoy.

B.Adultschosethesmallerportiononthemerepromiseofafutureaward.

C.Bothkidsandadultsfeltsatisfiedwithonlyhalfoftheirmealportions.

D.Neitherchildrennoradultscouldresistthetemptationofafreetoy.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。定位句中提到，更为有趣的是，一个对未来奖励的承诺

足以让成年人选择小份食物，故答案为B）。

9.HowdoesMartinReimanninterprethisfinding?

A.Theemotionalcomponentoftheprizesisatwork.

B-Peoplenowcaremoreaboutqualitythanquantity.

C.Peopleprefercertaintyawardstopossibleawards.

D.Thedesireforafuturerewardisoverwhelming.

正确答案：A

解析：语义理解题。本题问到莱曼如何解读他的研究。文章的第三、四、五

段都是对莱曼及其领导的研究人员的发现的描述。从第六段起，他开始分析其研

究结果。该段首句即提出，从理论上来说，是这些无形奖励中的感情成分使得这

些奖励起了作用，这就是他对研究发现的解读，故答案为A）。

10.WhatcanweinferfromMartinReimann'sfinding?

A.Peopleshouldeatmuchlessiftheywishtostayhealthyandhappy.

B.MorefastfoodrestaurantsarelikelytofollowMcDonald'sexample.

C.Wecanleadpeopletoeatlesswhilehelpingtherestaurantbusiness.

D-Morestudiesareneededtofindouttheimpactofemotiononbehavior.

正确答案：c

解析：推理判断题。题目中问到我们能从莱曼的研究发现中推断出什么。莱

曼的研究主要发现了人们愿意为奖品放弃大份食物，而当这种奖品存在某种不确

定性时，对人们的吸引力更大，这是由于人们的欲望被不确定性所刺激。文章最

后一段提出，如果饭店能利用这一发现，设置一些奖励，不仅可以让顾客再次光

临，也可以让人们吃得更少，故答案为C）。

“Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,"economistAdamSmithoncewrote,“are

commoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsof

almostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,extremelypopularsubjectsof

taxation.uTwoandahalfcenturieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftax

onalcoholandtobacco.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublic

healthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaof

taxingsugaraswell.Whethersuchtaxesworkisamatterofdebate.A

preliminaryreviewofMexico9staxationfoundafallinpurchasesoftaxeddrinksas

wellasariseinsalesofuntaxedandhealthierdrinks.Bycontrast,aDanishtaxon

foodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthat

consumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesire

forcheaper,fattierfare.Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedto

suchdirectgovernmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeans

thatindustrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyas

wellastasty.Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortsto

improvethequalityofitsofferings.Forexample,somedrinkmanufacturershavecut

theamountofsugarintheirbeverages.Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30years

havebeenachievedeitherbyreducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,or

byfindinganalternativeingredient.Morerecently,however,somecompanieshave

beeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:learninghowtoadjustthe

fundamentalmake-upofthefoodtheysell.Forexample,havingsaltontheoutside,

butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcontentwithoutchangingthetaste.While

reformulatingrecipes（酉己方）isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,itshouldbepartofa

multi-sidedapproach.Thekeyistorememberthatthereisnotjustonesolution.To

dealwithobesity,amixtureofapproaches——includingreformulation,taxationand

adjustingportionsizes一willbeneeded.Thereisnosilverbullet.

11.WhatdidAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,alcoholandtobacco?

A.Theywereprofitabletomanufacture.

B.Theywereinever-increasingdemand.

C.Theyweresubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.

D.Theywerenolongerconsiderednecessitiesoflife.

正确答案：c

解析：事实细节题。第一段通过亚当•斯密的话引入对糖、酒、烟征税的话

题。该段中有三个由which引导的定语从句修饰先行词commodities,由第三个

定语从句可知，糖、酒、烟是极为受欢迎的征税对象。C）“几乎所有的地方都对

它们征税”符合原文，故本题答案为C）。

12.Whyhavemanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar?

A.Theyareundergrowingpressuretobalancetheirnationalbudgets.

B.Theyfinditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.

C.Thepracticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularand

profitable.

D.Thesugarindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessingenerating

profits.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。第二段提到，许多政府开始考虑征收糖税。第二句中

With引出的是原因状语，表明征收糖税的原因在于激增的肥胖水平给公共卫生

系统带来巨大的压力。B)“他们觉得应对由糖引起的健康问题越来越困难”符合

原文提到的原因，故本题答案为B)。

13.WhatdowelearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods?

A.Itdidnotworkoutaswellaswasexpected.

B.Itgaverisetoalotofproblemsontheborder.

C・ItcouldnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.

D.Itmetwithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。第三段讨论了糖、酒、烟税的有效性问题。墨西哥的酒

税是有效的，但是丹麦征收的高脂肪食品税却在执行一年后就被废除了，因为消

费者为避免纳税可以跨境去德国购买能满足其需求且更便宜、脂肪含量更高的食

品。由此可知，A)“没有像预期的那样有效”符合原文意思，故本题答案为A)。

14.Whatisthemorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsanddrinks

bothhealthyandtasty?

A.Replacingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.

B.Settingalimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.

C.Investinginresearchtofindwaystoadapttoconsumers9needs.

D.Adjustingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。第六段指出，食品公司也在采取措施提高自己产品的质

量。之前采取的方式是要么减少糖、盐或脂肪的含量，要么找替代成分。但是最

近的努力方向是学习如何调整食品的基本物质构成。因此D)“调整其产品的物

质构成”是对原文的转述，故本题答案为D)。

15.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,"Thereis

nosilverbullefXLine4,Para.7)?

A.Thereisnosingleeasyquicksolutiontotheproblem.

B.Thereisnohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.

C-Thereisnohurryinfindingwaystosolvetheobesityproblem.

D.Thereisnoeffectivewaytoreducepeople'ssugarconsumption.

正确答案：A

解析：语义理解题。第七段是对全文的总结，作者指出改善公共健康需要多

方面的措施，包括重新设计配方、征税和调整各成分含量等。Thereisnosilver

bullet.是对第三句的总结和进一步说明，A)“该问题没有唯一的轻松快速解决

的方案”是对该句的最好解释，故本题答案为A)。

Youmayhaveheardsomeofthefashionindustryhorrorstories:models

eatingtissuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsingfrom

hunger-inducedheartattacksjustsecondsaftertheystepofftherunway.

Excessivelyskinnymodelshavebeenapointofcontroversyfordecades,andtwo

researcherssayamodeFsbodymassshouldbeaworkplacehealthandsafetyissue.In

aneditorialreleasedMondayintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth,Katherine

RecordandBrynAustinmadetheircaseforgovernmentregulationofthefashion

industry.Theaverageinternationalrunwaymodelhasabodymass

index(BMI)under16-lowenoughtoindicatestarvationbytheWorldHealth

Organization'sstandard.AndRecordandAustinareworriednotjustaboutthemodels

themselves,butaboutthevastnumberofgirlsandwomentheirimagesinfluence.

“Especiallygirlsandteens,“saysRecord.66Seventypercentofgirlsaged10to18

reportthattheydefineperfectbodyimagebasedonwhattheyseeinmagazines.

"That'sespeciallyworrying,shesays,giventhatanorexia(厌食症)resultsinmore

deathsthandoesanyothermentalillness,accordingtotheNationalInstituteof

MentalHealth.It'scommonlyknownthatcertaindiseasesarelinkedwith

occupationslikelungdiseaseincoalminers.Professionalfashionmodelsare

particularlyvulnerabletoeatingdisordersresultingfromoccupationaldemandsto

maintainextremethinness.Record'ssuggestionistoprohibitagentsfromhiring

modelswithaBMIbelow18.InApril,Francepassedalawsettinglowerlimits

foramodeFsweight.AgentsandfashionhouseswhohiremodelswithaBMIunder

18couldpay$82,000infinesandspendupto6monthsinjail.Regulatingthe

fashionindustryintheUnitedStateswon'tbeeasy,Recordsays.Butwiththenew

rulesinFrance,U.S.supportcouldmakeadifference."Adesignercan'tsurvive

withoutparticipatinginParisFashionWeek”,shesays,adding,9,Ourargumentisthat

thesamewouldbetrueofNewYorkFashionWeek.”

16.WhatdoRecordandAustinsayaboutfashionmodels'bodymass?

A.Ithascausedneedlesscontroversy.

B.Itisbutamatterofpersonaltaste.

C.Itisthefocusofthemodelingbusiness.

D.Itaffectsmodels9healthandsafety.

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。第二段说明雷科德和奥斯汀对模特体重的观点，第一句

第一个and之后的tworesearchers指的就是这两人，他们认为模特的体重应该成

为职场健康的安全问题，因此D)“影响模特的健康和安全A)”符合原文表述，

故本题答案为D)o

17.WhatareRecordandAustinadvocatingintheMondayeditorial?

A.Achangeinthepublic9sviewoffemalebeauty.

B・Governmentlegislationaboutmodels9