专题12新课学习Unit2（语法学习写作过关）（原卷版）

第13讲新课学习必修第三册Unit2（语法学习&写作过关）目录语法导航：学习语法知识写作导航：单元写作记忆小试牛刀：词句精练+能力提升动词ing形式作宾语补足语和状语一、动词ing形式作宾补1.动词ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。Whenwereturned，wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse.我们回来时，发现一个陌生人站在房子前面。Suddenlyweheardsomeoneknockinggentlyonthewindow.忽然我们听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。2.能用动词ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：(1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，lookat，listento等。Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.我觉得有人站在我后面。Theyobservedhimenteringthebank.他们看见他走进银行。Onthebankoftheriver，wefoundhimsittingonabench，withhiseyesfixedonakiteinthesky.在河岸上，我们发现他坐在长凳上，眼睛盯着天上的风筝。[名师提醒]在see，hear，feel，watch等感官动词后，既可用动词ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to的不定式时，表示动作经过从开始到结束的全过程。Isawaboygettingonthebus.(表示动作正在进行)我看见一个男孩在上公共汽车。Isawaboygetonthebus.(表示动作完成了)我看见一个男孩上了公共汽车。(2)表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有make，let，have，set，keep，get，catch，leave等。Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我们让火整夜燃烧着。Iwon’thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。(3)用于with复合结构中。Withspringingon，treesturngreen.春天到了，树变绿了。同义句转换①Astimepassesby，wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.→With，wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.②Isawthattheywereingacrossthestreet.→Isawthestreet.③Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboatswereingandgoing.→Istoodonthebridgeandwatched.④Ifeltthatsomeonewaspattingmeontheshoulder.→Ifeltmeontheshoulder.⑤IheardthatMarysangasonginthenextroomlastnight.→Iheardinthenextroomlastnight.二、动词ing形式作状语1.动词ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。动词ing形式作状语时，现在分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主谓关系。(1)表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Havingmadefullpreparations，wearereadyfortheexamination.→Afterwehavemadefullpreparations，wearereadyfortheexamination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。(2)表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Beingill，hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.→Sincehewasill，hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天没去上学。(3)表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。Hisparentsdied，leavinghimanorphan.→Hisparentsdiedandlefthimanorphan.他的父母死了，留下他成了孤儿。[名师提醒]动词ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别：①动词ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，有时可加thus表强调；②动词不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only表强调。Newlybuiltwoodencottageslinethestreet，turningtheoldtownintoadreamland.新建的小木屋排列在街道两边，使这个古镇变成了梦境。Thereporterhurriedtotheairport，onlytobetoldthefilmstarshadleft.那个记者急匆匆赶到机场，却被告知电影明星们已经离开了。(4)表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Workinghardatyourlessons，youwillsucceed.→Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons，youwillsucceed.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。(5)表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。Knowingallthis，theymademepayforthedamage.→Althoughtheyknewallthis，theymademepayforthedamage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。(6)表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。Helayonthegrass，staringattheskyforalongtime.→Helayonthegrassandstaredattheskyforalongtime.他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。(7)作评注性状语有些动词ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。如：generallyspeaking“一般来说”，judgingby/from...“从……判断”，takingeverythingintoconsideration“从全盘考虑”。Judgingfromhisbehaviour，hemustbemad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。同义句转换①Itrainedheavilyanditcausedgreatdamage.→Itrainedheavily，.②Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse，andcutthebranches.→Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse，.③Ashewasill，hecouldn’tattendthemeeting.→，hecouldn’tattendthemeeting.④Johnwatchedcuriously，andthoughtthatthewomanseemedalittlecrazy.→Johnwatchedcuriously.⑤Whensheturnedaround，shesawacardrivingup.→，shesawacardrivingup.(1)动词ing形式的时态动词ing形式作状语时，要注意其时间性，是用一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(havingdone)。当动词ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式；当动词ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用完成式。Walkinginthestreet，Imetanoldfriendofmine.我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)Havingfinishedtheletter，hewenttopostit.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(havingfinished是先发生的，went是后发生的)(2)动词ing形式的语态使用动词ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于动词ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词ing形式的逻辑主语。Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory，theywereveryhappy.被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。(现在分词的被动式)Havingfinishedhishomework，hewenttobed.完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。(现在分词的主动式)(3)动词ing形式的否定式动词ing形式的否定式为：not＋动词ing形式；not＋having动词ed形式Notknowingthis，hedidn’te.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Nothavingmadefullpreparations，weputoffthesportsmeeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。如果作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语不与句子主语一致，现在分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。Classbeingover，thechildrenwenthome.一放学，孩子们就回家了。Allaudiencehavingtakentheirseats，theplaybegan.所有观众就座之后，戏剧开始了。(1)用动词的适当形式填空①(live)thereforyears，hegotusedtothelifethere.②Winter(e)，itgetscolderandcolder.(2)同义句转换③Afterhehadeatenhisdinner，theboyrushedout.→，theboyrushedout.④AsIdidnotknowhowtogetthere，Ihadtoasktheway.→，Ihadtoasktheway.⑤Becauseshehadbeenbittenbyasnake，shewasfrightenedofit.→，shewasfrightenedofit.综合练习一.单句语法填空1．Ican'timagineBilly(ride)amotorbike.2．Herjokesetus(laugh)．3．WhenIcameoutofthetheatre，Inoticedagroupofchildren(play)musicalinstrumentsacrossthestreet.4．Shesatatthedesk(do)herhomework.5．(e)fromJordan，hemovesclosetoaskyouaquestion.6．(look)around，Ifoundtherewasnoonenearby.7．Hewassoangrythathethrewthetoyontheground，(break)itintopieces.8．Thegirlwasnoticed(quarrel)withanoldmanat9o'clockyesterday.9．(judge)fromhisaccent，heisfromthesouthofChina.10．(struggle)withdepression，eatingdisordersandalcoholabuseforyears，henowunderstandshowimportantbeinghealthyis.二.短文语法填空Eachyear1.(thousand)oftouristsvisitthepolarregionsoftheArcticandAntarctica.Buttheincreasingnumberofpeople2.(travel)totheendsoftheEarthcanhave3.negativeeffectonfragileecosystems.Shouldtourists4.(allow)tovisitpolarregions?About40，000touristsvisitAntarcticaeachyear.MorethanfivemilliontraveltotheArcticandsub­Arctic.5.(transport)touriststotheregionsincreasesshipandairplanetraffic，6.(add)totheriskofpollution,oilspills,andotherenvironmentaldamage.Becausetheplaceswherewildlifeaccessible7.(be)fewinnumber,touristtrafficcanbeeconcentratedinspecificareas，8.(put)Arcticvegetationatrisk.Otherssaythataccesstotheseveryspecialpartsoftheworldshouldnotberestrictedtoonlyresearchersandscientists.Polartourismallowspeopletodevelopdeep9.(person)connectionswithpolarregions.“Those10.traveltotheArcticorAntarcticaoftenbeecheerleadersforsupportingthoseplaces.”JimSano,vicepresidentfortravelandconservationatWorldWildlifeFund,toldTFK.故事评论第一部分做事的基本信息；故事类型；故事题目故事主旨第二部分对故事进行分析；作者的写作目的；故事细节是否清晰；故事的描述是否达成既定目标第三部分观点表达个人观点你喜欢故事的哪些地方；你不喜欢它的哪些地方；你是否推荐给别人常用范式推荐三段式：开头交代故事的基本信息主体分析故事结尾表达个人观点一、黄金模板(开篇：电影名、人物简介)Itisaninterestingmovieabout________(主角名字)!It’salazypanda________(主角描述).(主体：影片故事)IttakesplaceinasmallvillageandPowantstobeamasterofKungFu.Atthebeginning,________.Then________.Atlast,he________.(结尾：表述读后感)Afterseeingthismovie,Irealizedtheimportanceof____________.二、常用句式①Afterreadingit，Iunderstandthatweteenagersshouldfindandmakegooduseofouradvantages，stoppingplainingabouttheshortingsallthetime.读了这个故事之后，我明白了我们青少年应该发现和利用我们的优势，不要总是抱怨自己的缺点。②Iwasdeeplyimpressedwiththefilm’sthemewhichisaboutprotectingtheearth.我对那部主题为保护地球的电影印象深刻。①Thefabletellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.这则寓言告诉我们，善有善报。②Asamatteroffact，thefablemirrorsthatdifferentattitudesmaybringaboutdifferentresults.事实上，这个寓言反映了不同的态度可能会带来不同的结果。③Soweshouldstaypositiveandvaluewhatwehaveinsteadofplainingtoomuch.所以我们应该保持积极的态度，珍惜我们所拥有的，而不是抱怨太多。④Thisstoryindicatesthatthosenotblindlylisteningtoother’scriticismorpraisearemorelikelytoobtainwhattheyarepursuing.这个故事表明，那些不盲目听别人批评或赞扬的人更有可能获得他们所追求的东西。⑤Sowhateveryouencounter，acceptitwillinglyanduseittothefullest.所以无论你遇到什么，欣然接受并充分利用它。①WheneverIhavetheabilitytohelpothers，Ishouldalwayslendahand.每当我能帮助别人的时候，我应该总是伸出援助之手。②Asanoldsayinggoes，unionmeanspower.俗话说，团结就是力量。③Istronglyhopeyoucanhaveatryandthefilmwillneverdisappointyou!我强烈希望你看看这部电影，它绝不会让你失望。练习假如你是李华，打算向你的外国朋友Eric推荐一部最近刚刚看过的科幻电影《流浪地球》(TheWanderingEarth)，请用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1．观影时间和地点；2．介绍电影(主题：保护人类共同的地球家园，观众评价等)；3．推荐观影。DearEric，Istronglysuggestyouhaveatryandthefilmwouldnotdisappointyou!Yours，LiHua词句精练一.单句语法填空1.Messageswithemojisfeelmoreconversational，(encourage)betterandmorefrequentmunication.2.They’llerushingin,(say)theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.3.Whenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.4.Thedancer’sincredibleperformancehadtheaudienceonitsfeet(clap)for10minutesattheendoftheshow.5.Allofuswatchedthehunter(bring)downthedangerousbear.6.Whenhewokeup，hefoundhimself(lie)inhospital.7.Themissinggirlwaslastfound(have)adinnerinthatrestaurant.8.Hishairbecamegreywiththeyears(pass).9.Hehasnotroublesettlingtheproblemwithyou(help)him.10.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows，(make)airconditioningunnecessary.11.(eat)atthecafeteriabefore，Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.12.(give)suchagoodchance，howcouldsheletitslipaway?13.(consider)hisage，thechildreadsquitewell.14.Iliveinthehousewithitsdoor(face)thesouth.二.单句写作1.，hejumpedwithjoy.听到这个消息，他欣喜若狂。2.Ifoundabag.我发现地板上放着一个包。3.，allthestudentsstoodup.看到老师进来，所有学生都站了起来。4.，hewonthefirstplaceinthisrace.其他的运动员紧随其后，他在这次比赛中获得第一名。5.Helate.他不许女儿晚回家。三.用动词ing形式完成语段Ateacheroncetoldeachofherstudentstobringaclearplasticbagandalargebagofpotatoestoschool.1.(写下……名字)thepersonthatthestudentsrefusedtoforgiveintheirlifeonapotatoandputthemintheplasticbag，theywerethentoldtocarrythesebagswiththemeverywhereforoneweek，2.(把他们放在床边)atnight，ontheircarseats3.(在开车的时候)，andnexttotheirdesksatwork.Duringthistime，4.(带着包到处走)，theyrealizedwhataweighttheywere，andhowtheyneededtopayattentionallthetime，soasnottoforgetthemorleavetheminembarrassingplaces.Ofcourse，thepotatoeswerebeingrotten，5.(闻起来很糟糕).能力提升一．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A90­year­oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for1(be)Britain'soldestfull­timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,2sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave3(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene4(declare)shehadnoplans5(retire)fromher36­year­oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI6(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,7becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall8(say)shewasshort­listed,wethoughtitwas9joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's10(wonder)．”二．阅读理解Cameronisnoordinarydog,notjustbecausehewasbornonValentine’sDay.ToMaggie,afirstgraderatBurgundyFarmCountryDaySchool,thedogwhospendsmostdaysoncampusismorelikeafriend.WhenCameronisnear,Maggiefeels“really,really,happy”.Shesaid,“Ifeelsafearoundhim.”“He’llliedownandaskmetoscratchhistummy,”sheadded,becauseCameronlikesMaggie.CameronisoneofahandfulofdogsatBurgundy,aK8privatedayschoolinAlexandria,Virginia.Dogsstartedshowinguptherewhentheheadoftheschool,JeffSindler,broughthisclumsyLabrador,Luke,tothemainofficebuildingwhereSindlerworked.AfterLukedied,SindleradoptedCameronandbroughthimtocampus,too,wherethedogMaggiedescribedas“reallycute”becameaschoolfavorite.“Theydon’tcareifyou’regoodatbasketball,oragreatreader,orpopular,”Sindlersaid.“Theyjustwanttobeloved—equalopportunity,”headded.“Cameronandtheotherdogsoncampus—arealwaysfastenedwitharopeandwiththeirowners—goalongwaytowardimprovingstudents’socialandemotionalwellbeing,”hesaid.Theyreducetensionandeaseanxietyfromstudents,andinspirethemwithhappyfeelings.“Theybringoutsomeimportantemotions,”h