湖南省永州市2023年高一下学期《英语》期末试卷与参考答案

湖南省永州市2023年高一下学期《英语》期末试卷与参考答案第一部分：听力做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节：听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodothisafternoon?A.Goskating.B.Watchamatch.C.Playfootball.2.Whyisthemanlate?A.Hehelpedaperson.B.Hiscarbrokedown.C.Hegotuplate.3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofcooking?A.It’seasy.B.It’sdifficult.C.It’sboring.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inaclassroom.B.Inaconcert.C.Athome.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Jack’swedding.B.Jack’ssofaC.Jack’slivingroom.第二节：听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Hurrytothenextclass.B.Gotoaclub.C.Meetsomefriends.7.Whattimeistheman’snextclass?A.At10:30.B.At11:00.C.At11:30.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whoisthewomanmostprobablytalkingto?A.Asalesman.B.Arepairman.C.Aclassmate.9.Whathappenedtothewoman’scomputer?A.Itssoftwaredidn’twork.B.Itsscreenturnedblack.C.Itsscreenturnedblue.10.Whatdoesthemandotothewoman’scomputer?A.Replaceitsscreen.B.Scanforviruses.C.Restartit.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howdoesthewomanfeelatfirst?A.Tired.B.Worried.C.Hungry.12Wherearethespeakersgoing?A.Toarestaurant.B.Toatrainstation.C.Toastore.13.Whatisthemanlikelytodoatlast?A.Driveslowly.B.Haveameal.C.Takearest.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers.B.Schoolmates.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.15.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisoutofworknow.B.Shelivesnearhercompany.C.SheworksforHHCompany.16.Howdoesthemangotoworkthesedays?A.Bymotorbike.B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.17.Whywillthemangotothecitylibrary?A.Toreturnsomebooks.B.Toworkthere.C.Tohaveaninterview.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhenistheUnitedNationsChineseLanguageDay?A.OnApril27th.B.OnApril25th.C.OnApril20th.19.HowdidtheUNOfficecelebratetheevBYuanLongping,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice(杂交水稻之父)”,isoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsideredhimselfasafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhedevotedhislife.Yuanwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.AftergraduatingfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953,heworkedasaresearcher.Yuanrealizedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.Instead,farmersneededtoboostyields(产量)inthefieldstheyhad.Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.Witnessingthedevelopmentofhybridrice,Yuanoncesaid“Isawmysuperhybridriceplantgrowingashighassorghum(高粱).Thepanicle(headofrice)wasaslargeasabroom,andthegrainsasbigaspeanuts.Iwasveryhappytorestunderthemwithmyassistant.”Today,itisestimated(估计)thatabout60percentofdomestic(国内的)riceconsumptioninChinaismadeupofcropsproducedfromYuan’shybridspeciesandhisspecieshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.4.WhydidYuanLongpingconsiderhimselfafarmer?A.Havingafigurelikefarmers. B.Researchingthelandconstantly.C.Leadingalifeinthecountryside. D.Graduatingfromanagriculturalcollege.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tackle”inparagraph2mean?A.Sharpen. B.Unearth. C.Getridof. D.Giveriseto.6.Whatisthemainadvantageofhybridrice?A.Itshigheryield. B.Itscreationprocess.C.Itspoorharvests. D.Itsvarietiesofspecies.7.WhatisYuan’sattitudetothedevelopmentofthehybridrice?A.Satisfied. B.Unbearable. C.Unspeakable. D.Cautious.答案：4.B5.C6.A7.ACOneoftheworld’smostsignificantecologicalandenvironmentalproblemsisdesertification.Desertificationisatypeoflanddegradationinwhicharelativelydrylandregionbecomesincreasinglyarid(干旱的),typicallylosingitsbodiesofwateraswellasvegetationandwildlife.It’shappeningallovertheworldandit’shappeningveryquickly.Thereareseveralcausesofdesertification.Theimmediatecauseistheremovalofmostvegetation.Thisisdrivenbyanumberoffactors,suchasdrought,tillage(耕种)foragriculture,overgrazing(过度放牧)anddeforestationforfuelorconstructionmaterials.Somefarmersfarmtheirlandtoomuch,withoutgivingthesoilachancetorecover.Othersallowtheiranimalstoeatuplargeareasofgrassfartooquickly—ataratethatmakesitimpossibleforthegrasstogrowback.Cuttingdowntreesisanothermajorcauseofdesertification.Treeshelpprotectthesoil.Withouttrees,thesoileasilyblowsawayinthewindorwashesawayinfloods.Besides,wildlifeplaysanimportantroleinthepreservationofvegetationandsoil.Soremovalofanimalsisalsooneofthemaindriversofincreasingdesertification.Moreover,somepartsoftheEartharehottertodaythantheyusedtobe.Thischangeinclimatehasdriedoutalotofland.Theconsequencesofdesertificationcanbedisastrous.Soweneedtotakestepstopreventdesertification.Weshouldpayattentiontohowmuchenergyweuseinourdailylives.Thatway,wecanreducetheamountofcarbondioxidereleased.Wecanwalkorcycleshortdistances,anduselesswater.Wecanalsoprotectourforestsbyreusingpaperandnotusingdisposablechopsticks.What’smore,weshouldtrytomakepeoplearoundusawareoftheproblemandencouragethemtochangetheirdailyhabitsinthesameway.Aslongaswecreateaharmoniousenvironment,lifeonthisplanetwillliveinpeaceandabundance,andstopthepaceofdesertificationtogether.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutdesertificationfromparagraph1?A.Itishappeningslowlythroughouttheworld.B.Itisanecologicalandenvironmentalsolution.C.Itistheprocessduringwhichfarmlandturnsintodesert.D.Itistheprocessduringwhicharelativelydrylandbecomesrich.9.Whydoesdesertificationoccur?A.Wildlifedoesharmtothevegetationandsoil.B.Thechangeinclimatecontributestodriedland.C.Animalseatthegrassataslowerratethangrassgrows.D.Treesareblownawayinthewindorwashedawayinfloods.10.Whatstepscanwetaketopreventdesertification?A.Changingourgooddailyhabits.B.Raisingpeople’senvironmentalawareness.C.Usingmorepaperandlessdisposablechopsticks.D.Usingmoreenergyandreleasinglesscarbondioxide.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Desertification—themajorcauseofclimatechange.B.Desertification—everyone’sresponsibilityforitstreatment.C.Desertification—thedisastrousconsequencesofdeforestation.D.Desertification—themostsignificantecologicalandenvironmentalproblem.答案：8.C9.B10.B11.DDAsmanyas3.9percentofpeoplehaveaphantasia(心盲症),theinabilitytopictureimagesintheirheads.Butformallydiagnosing(诊断)theconditionisdifficult.Asimplephysiologicaltestinvolvingawebcamcouldonedayofferasolution.RebeccaKeoghatMacquarieUniversityinAustraliaandhercolleagueshavestudiedtheeffectivenessofatesttheyhavedevelopedforaphantasiabyrecruiting56peoplewithouttheconditionand18peoplewhosaidtheyhaveit.Thetestisbasedonchangestopupil(瞳孔)size.Lookingatabrightobjectcausesaperson’spupilstoconstrictwhiledimobjectscausethepupilstodilate(扩大).Theresearchersguessedthatasimilareffectcouldbeobservedifpeopleweretoldtoimagineabrightordarkobject.Intheirtests,theresearcherstrackedeachperson’spupilsizeusinganinfrared(红外的)camera.Theyshowedaparticipantabrightimageofanobjectonascreenfor5seconds,andtoldhim/hertomemorizeit.Aftertheimagedisappeared,theparticipant’spupilsreturnedtotheiroriginalsize.He/Shewasaskedtoimaginetheobjectinhis/herhead.Thistaskwasrepeateduntilhe/shehadlookedat16brightimagesand16darkimages.Thepupilsofallparticipantschangedinresponsetoseeingbrightanddarkimagesonthescreen.About90percentofthosewithoutaphantasiaalsoshowedpupilsizechangeswhentoldtoimaginethoseimages.However,thesamewastrueofjust39percentofpeoplewhosaidtheyhadaphantasia.ThomasAndrillonattheParisBrainInstitutesuggeststhetestcouldonedaybeusedtocheckifsomeonehasaphantasia.ButKeoghsaystheteststillneedstoberefinedbeforeitcanbeusedwidely.“Wecannotrunthisstudywithoutaccesstoinfraredglassesthatcanmeasurepupilsize,”shesays.Thisisbecausethepupilsizechangesseeninthosewithoutaphantasiaarestillverysmall—achangeindiameter(直径)ofabout0.2to0.4millimetres.Theteamwantstogathermoredatawithlargersamplesizesandhopestodevelopatestthatcanbedoneathomeviaalaptopwebcam.12.Whatcanwedotodiagnoseaphantasia?A.Changingthepupilsize. B.Imaginingimagesinthehead.C.Trackingasimilareffectviaalaptop. D.Doingaphysiologicaltestwithawebcam.13.Howwasthetestcarriedout?A.Byanalyzingdata. B.Byclassifyingfacts.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Bygivingdetailedexamples.14.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Theinfraredcamerainterruptsparticipants’behaviors.B.Imagesonthescreenchangedinresponsetopupilmovements.C.Allparticipants’pupilschangeaccordingtoimaginedimages.D.Aninfraredcameracandetectaphantasiabytrackingpupilchanges.15.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Diagnosingaphantasiastillhasalongwaytogo.B.Accesstoinfraredglassesisnotanecessityinthetest.C.Alaptopwebcamcanbewidelyusedtocureaphantasia.D.Datawithsamplesizesarequiteenoughtoconfirmtheresult.答案：12.D13.C14.D15.A第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Beforeyougoonyournexttwowheeledadventure,makesureyou’refamiliarwiththeinsandoutsofbicyclesafety.____16____.—onepoweredbyanelectricmotorinadditiontoyourpedaling(踏板).Manyofthesafetyrecommendationsarethesameforbothtypesofbikes.Wearahelmet.Ridewiththeflowoftrafficratherthanagainstit.Makesureyou’revisibletomotorists(somee-bikesnowcomewithlights).____17____.(left:extendyourleftarmouttotheside;right:extendyourrightarmorbendyourleftarmupatarightangle).Don’ttalkonthephone,text,orlistentomusic.Andifyou’reane-bikerider,heedthesetipstoo:Checkyourbike’scondition.Thatstartswithcheckingthatthetiresareinflated(充气了的)andthebrakesareworkingproperly.____18____,takeitforatune-up(调整)beforeyoutakeitforaride.Forane-bike,alsomakesureyourbatteryischarged.Andbeforeandaftereveryride,inspectyourbicyclefordamage.____19____.Thisisimportantfore-bikeriders.Withtheabilitytogofastercomestheresponsibilitytoknowwhenyoushouldslowdown.Knowtherulesoftheroad.Whenyou’reridinginthestreet,eveninaprotectedbikelane,readthesignals,payattentiontothelanemarkings,andcheckthesignagetoseewheree-bikesareallowed.____20____.A.BeawareofyourspeedB.Keepupthehighspeedofe-bikeC.KnowhowtouseyourarmtosignalturnsD.Ifthebicyclehasn’tbeenusedforawhileE.WhenyoufinishtheworkofcheckingyourbikeF.Thisholdstruewhetheryou’reridingatraditionalbikeorane-bikeG.Signsmayspecifywhichtypesofbikesareallowedonwhichroadsandpaths答案：16.F17.C18.D19.A20.G第三部分：英语知识运用第一节：完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Inoticedadadandhissonatthepark.Hissonwasn’tableto____21____,butheseemedcontentsittinginthesand.Thedad____22____tomethathavingbeeninspeechtherapy(言语治疗)foryears,hissoncouldonlymakesomesoundsandwasableto____23____eyecontactforafewseconds.Hetoldmehowdelightedhewastowitnessthe____24____andwhatapleasureitwastoseealloftheyearsofhardwork____25____.Thefatherandson____26____andthosefewsecondsofeyecontactmeanttheworldtothatdad!Thedadalsosharedwithmethathis____27____forhisboywastosomedaybeabletogoforicecreamtogether.Suddenlytheson____28____puttinghisfingersinthesand,lookedathisfatherandsaid“hi”.Seconds