北京市密云区2020-2021学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

密云区20202021学年第一学期期中试题高三英语试卷第一部分：知识运用（共两节，25分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“Justsignhere,sir,”thedeliverymansaidashehandedOscarReynaapackage.Thepackageconsistedofalong,narrowboxcarefullywrappedinbrownpaper.___1___thebox,Oscarsawanumbrellainside—averyoldonewithabeautifullycarvedwoodenhandle.Althoughhehadnotseenitinmorethan20years,herecognizedit___2___.Oscarwas16whenhefirstsawtheunusualumbrella.Hehadgonetoaconcertwithhisgrandparents.Astheywereleaving,henoticedanumbrellaonanemptyseat,impressedbyits___3___,Oscarfeltastrongdesiretofinditsowner.Oscar___4___themanagertolookintherecordofadvanceticketsales.Justashethought,aname_____5_____theseatwhereOscarhadfoundtheumbrella.ThenamewasMrs.KatieO’Brien.OscartalkedhisgrandparentsintogoingbyMrs.O’Brien’s___6___ontheirwayhome.Herangthebell,thedooropened,andanelderlywomanappeared.“MayIhelpyou?”sheasked.“I’dliketoreturnitifit’syours,”Oscarsaid,holdingouttheumbrellaasifpresentinga___7___thathadlongbeenwishedfor.“Why,yes!It’smine,”repliedMrs.O’Brienwithawidesmileandshiningeyes.“Itwasgiventomebymyfatheryearsago.Thankyousomuchforreturningit.MayIofferyouarewardforyour___8___?”“No,ma’am,”hesaid,“Mygrandmothersaysthatagooddeedisitsownreward.”“Well,that’s___9___whatmyfatherusedtosay.Whatisyourname,youngman?”YearslaterOscarwasstaringatthefinelycarvedhandleoftheumbrellaasherememberedMrs.O’Brien.Itwasinperfectcondition,consideringhowolditwas.Whyhaditarrivedheretoday?Asifinanswer,anotefellfromthepaper.Itreads:Mrs.O’Brienwantedto_____10_____thisumbrellaasapresentforakind,unselfishgesturelongago.1.A.Opening B.Closing C.Touching D.Searching2.A.clearly B.fully C.immediately D.suddenly3.A.history B.shape C.length D.beauty4.A.encouraged B.convinced C.forced D.advised5.A.called B.matched C.written D.taken6.A.family B.theater C.house D.neighborhood7.A.chance B.fact C.result D.gift8.A.kindness B.patience C.courage D.determination9.A.obviously B.naturally C.exactly D.probably10.A.possess B.accept C.refuse D.value【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B5.B6.C7.D8.A9.C10.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了奥斯卡16岁时捡到一把漂亮的伞，寻找失主并归还，很多年后又收到失主赠伞的故事。这个故事启迪我们：善有善报这样一个朴实的美德和真理。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：打开盒子，奥斯卡看到里面有一把伞——一把很旧的伞，有一个雕刻精美的木把手。A.Opening打开；B.Closing关闭；C.Touching触摸；D.Searching寻找。由上文语境和下文的“Oscarsawanumbrellainside”可知，奥斯卡收到一个包裹，只有打开包裹才能看见里面的东西。故选A项。【2题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然他已经20多年没见过它了，但他立刻认出了它。A.clearly清晰地；B.fully完全地；C.immediately立刻地；D.suddenly突然地。由下文的“henoticedanumbrellaonanemptyseat,impressedbyits___3___”可知，16岁时奥斯卡一看到这把伞就对其印象深刻，所以多年后奥斯卡还是立刻认出了这把伞。故选C项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们离开时，他注意到一个空座位上有一把伞，被它的美丽所打动，奥斯卡感到有一种强烈的渴望，想要找到它的主人。A.history历史；B.shape形状；C.length长度；D.beauty美丽。由上文的“averyoldonewithabeautifullycarvedwoodenhandle”可知，这把伞有一个雕刻精美的木把手，所以奥斯卡对它的美丽印象深刻。故选D项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：奥斯卡说服经理查查预售票的记录。A.encouraged鼓励；B.convinced说服、使确信；C.forced强迫；D.advised建议。由上文语境可知，奥斯卡16岁时和爷爷奶奶去听音乐会，发现了空位的伞，奥斯卡不知道是谁的，想还给失主，只能去说服经理查看预售票的记录，看是谁坐在这个位置上。故选B项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如他所想的那样，一个名字和奥斯卡找到雨伞的座位吻合。A.called叫；B.matched相配；C.written写；D.taken带走。由本处语境可知，通过说服经理查看预售票的记录，奥斯卡找到了坐在这个位置上的人，即名字和奥斯卡找到雨伞的座位相配。故选B项。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：奥斯卡说服他的祖父母在回家的路上经过奥布莱恩太太的房子。A.family家庭；B.theater影院；C.house房子；D.neighborhood邻居。由下文的“Herangthebell,thedooropened,andanelderlywomanappeared.”可知，奥斯卡到了奥布莱恩太太的房子门口，所以奥斯卡说服了祖父母在回家的路上经过奥布莱恩太太的房子。故选C项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“如果是你的，我想还你，”奥斯卡说着，手里拿着雨伞，好像是在送一份许愿已久的礼物。A.chance机会；B.fact事实；C.result结果；D.gift礼物。由上文的“I’dliketoreturnitifit’syours”和下文的“thathadlongbeenwishedfor”可知，奥斯卡拿出了伞，要还伞，就像是赠送渴望已久的礼物。故选D项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我可以因为你的好意给你一些报酬吗？A.kindness善意；B.patience耐心；C.courage勇气；D.determination决心。由上文语境可知，奥斯卡发现奥布莱恩太太丢了伞，去她家里归还伞，这是一种善行、好意，所以奥布莱恩太太想给奥斯卡一些报酬。故选A项。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：好吧，这正是我父亲过去常说的话。A.obviously明显地；B.naturally自然地；C.exactly正是、精确地；D.probably可能地。由上文的“Mygrandmothersaysthatagooddeedisitsownreward.”可知，奥斯卡祖母说，做好事本身就是回报，正巧的是，这正是奥布莱恩太太的父亲过去常说的话。故选C项。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上面写着：奥布莱恩太太很久以前就想认可这把伞为一种仁慈、无私姿态的礼物。A.possess拥有；B.accept认可、接受；C.refuse拒绝；D.value重视。根据asapresentforakind,unselfishgesturelongago.结合上文内容，可知奥布莱恩太太认可这把伞是一种仁慈、无私姿态的礼物。故选B项。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theinterestingpartofabookisstoredinyourmindasaseed.Nowthisseedisunknowinglyusedbyyouinyourfuturetodevelopnewideas.Thesameseedif___11___(use)manytimes,canhelpyoulinkandrelatealotofthings,ofwhichyouwouldneverhavethoughtofinyourwildestdreams!Thisisnothingbutcreativity.Thelargernumberofbooksyouread,thebroader___12___(you)mindwillbel.Alsothisimprovesyourspeakingskillstoalargeextentandalsomakesasignificantcontributiontoyourvocabulary.WithinnotimecanyoustartspeakingEnglishoranylanguage____13____(fluent)withyourfriendsorotherpeopleandyouneverseemtorunoutoftherightwordsattherighttime.【答案】11.used12.your13.fluently【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了读书的好处。【11题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：这粒种子如果多次使用，可以帮助你把许多事情联系起来，这些事情你做梦也想不到！当时间、条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略掉从句的主语及be动词；此处的完整句式为Thesameseedif(thesameseedis)usedmanytimes,canhelpyoulinkandrelatealotofthings,ofwhichyouwouldneverhavethoughtofinyourwildestdreams!故填used。【12题详解】考查代词。句意：你读的书越多，你的思维就会越开阔。此处修饰名词mind，应使用形容词性物主代词。故填your。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：你很快就能和你的朋友或其他人流利地说英语或任何一种语言，而且你永远不会在合适的时间缺少合适的词汇。此处修饰动词speaking，应使用副词。故填fluently。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Ourschoolorganizedustowatchtheliveshowofthe60thAnniversaryofMiyunReservoiryesterday,throughwhichIlearnedaboutitshistory,thelocalpeople’scontributionintheprocess.MiyunReservoirwasbuilt60yearsago____14____(solve)thefloodinChaobaiRiverandprovidesufficientwatersupplyforBeijing.Atthattime,therewasnomodernequipmentandthereservoirwasbuilt___15___handsandwheelbarrows.200,000workersandsoldiersworkedhardandsweatedintheplace.InordertomakeroomfortheconstructionofMiyunReservoir,morethan60,000localresidents____16____(leave)theplaceswheretheyhadstayedforgenerations.AsamemberinMiyun,Idecidetovolunteerinallkindsof___17___(activity)ofbuildingmyhometownmorebeautiful.【答案】14.tosolve15.by16.left17.activities【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者观看了学校组织的密云水库60周年校庆的现场演出，了解了密云水库的历史。【14题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：密云水库建于60年前，是为了解决潮白河的洪水，为北京提供充足的供水。由句意可知，此处表目的，应用动词不定式（todo）作目的状语。故填tosolve。【15题详解】考查介词。句意：当时没有现代化的设备，水库是用手和手推车建造的。由句意可知，此处表“用手和手推车”，应用介词by（通过、靠、用），表方法、手段。故填by。【16题详解】考查时态。句意：为了给密云水库的建设腾出空间，6万多名当地居民离开了他们世代居住的地方。此处缺乏谓语，由上文时间状语60yearsago可知，有关密云水库建设事宜的东西用一般过去时，此处用一般过去时。故填left。【17题详解】考查名词的数。句意：作为密云的一员，我决定志愿参加各种活动，把家乡建设得更加美丽。activity是可数名词，前有allkindsof修饰，此处用复数名词。故填activities。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Awarningsystemtopreventpeoplefromfallingasleepwhiledrivingwasintroducedatthe2020ChinaInternationalFairforTradeinServices,____18____washeldfromSeptember4to9inBeijing.Itcanjudgewhetherthedriverisdrowsy(昏昏欲睡的)bymonitoringhowlongthedriver’seyescloseorifhisorherheaddrops.Ifthedriverentersastateoftiredness,thesystem____19____(sound)analarmuntilthedrivers’eyesreopenandheorshestartstoblinkatanormalfrequency.Inthefuture,otherdangerousdrivingbehaviors,suchasnotwearingaseatbeltandmakingphonecallswhile____20____(drive),mightalsobeaddedintothiswarningsystem.【答案】18.which19.willsound20.driving【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了防止开车睡觉的预警系统。【18题详解】考查非限制性定语从句关系词。句意：2020年中国国际服务贸易博览会于9月4日至9日在北京举行，会上引入了防止人们在驾驶时打瞌睡的预警系统。分析句子可知，此句为非限定性定语从句，先行词为“the2020ChinaInternationalFairforTradeinServices”，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句【19题详解】考查时态。句意：如果驾驶员处于疲劳状态，系统会发出警报，直到驾驶员睁开眼睛，开始以正常频率眨眼。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的条件状语从句，且为真实条件句，应遵循“主将从现”原则。故填willsound。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在未来，其他危险的驾驶行为，如不系安全带和开车时打，也可能被添加到这个预警系统中。分析句子可知，此处while3(drive)为分词作状语，drive与其逻辑主语thedriver之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故填driving。第二部分：阅读理解（共三节，55分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAgadgetwhichmakeswateroutofaircouldbeethegreatesthouseholdinventionsincethemicrowave.Usingthesametechnologyasadehumidifier(除湿器),theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanalwaysgetitfromanunlimitedsource—theair.Thepanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferanalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountries,butitisasolutionforthemillionswhofaceadailywatershortage.Themachineworksbydrawinginwetairthroughafilter(过滤器)andoveracoolinginstrumentwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.Itcanproduceupto12litersaday.TheWaterMillwillalsoproducemorewaterwhenstormspassover,astheamountofwaterwhichiscontainedintheairincreases.Inkeepingwithitsecodevelopment,themachineusesthesameamountofelectricityasthreelights.InventorJonathanRitcheysaid:“Thedemandforwaterisoffthechart.Sopeoplearelookingforfreedomfromwaterdistributionsystemsthatareshakyandunreliable.”Themachine,whichisabout3feetwide,islikelytocost￡800whenitgoesonsalehereinthespring.Itsmaker,CanadianFirmElementFour,roughlycalculatesthataliterofwatercostsaround20ptoproduce.Environmentalistsstatethathalftheworld’spopulationwillfacewatershortagebecauseofclimatechangeby2080.Oneinfiveissaidtolackaccesstosafedrinking.TheWaterMillisnoteffectiveinareaswheretheamountofwatercontainedintheairisbelowabout30percent,butinBritainthatwon’tbemuchofaproblem.21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.WaterMill. B.Invention.C.Microwave. D.Drinkingwater.22.Whatdowelearnaboutthemachine?A.Itabsorbssteamandturnsitintowater.B.Itisveryexpensiveforfamiliestoafford.C.Itworksinthesamewayasmicrowaves.D.Ithelpstomakethewatercleantodrink.23.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ANewWaytoSolveWaterProblem B.ADehumidifiertoProduceWaterC.AMachinetoMakeWateroutofAir D.AnAbsolutelyNewInvention【答案】21.D22.A23.C【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种把空气转变成饮用水的机器。【21题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Usingthesametechnologyasadehumidifier(除湿器),theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwater(使用与除湿器相同的技术,WaterMill能够创造出现成的饮用水)”可推断，“becauseitcanalwaysgetitfromanunlimitedsource—theair.(因为它总是可以从无限的来源——空气中得到它)”中的it指的是上文提到的drinkingwater。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Themachineworksbydrawinginwetairthroughafilter(过滤器)andoveracoolinginstrumentwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.(这台机器通过过滤器吸收在潮湿的空气，并通过冷却器把它们变成水滴)”可知，这台机器吸收水汽，并把水汽变成水。故选A。【23题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Agadgetwhichmakeswateroutofaircouldbeethegreatesthouseholdinventionsincethemicrowave.(一种把空气制成水的小工具成为自微波以来最伟大的家庭发明)”和下文的对这个机器的介绍可推断，本文介绍了一种吸收空气变成水的发明，因此推断C项“用空气制水的机器”为最佳标题。故选C。BBarditchHighSchooldecidedtohaveanAllSchoolReunion.Over450peoplecametotheevent.ThereweretoursoftheoldschoolbuildingandapicnicatConfederatePark.Severalformerteacherswereonhandstotellstoriesabouttheolddays.Ms.MabelYates,theEnglishteacherforfiftyyears,waswheeledtothepark.Someeyesrolledandtherewereafewlowgroans(嘟囔声)whenMs.Yateswasabouttospeak.Manystartedlookingattheirwatchesandingupwithexcusestobeanywhereinsteadofpreparingtolistentoalecturefromanoldwomanwhohadfewkindwordsforherstudentsandmadethemworkharderthanalltheotherteachersbined.ThenMs.Yatesstartedtospeak:“Ican’ttellyouhowpleasedIamtobehere.Ihaven’tseenmanyofyousinceyourgraduation,butIhavefollowedyourcareersandenjoyedyourvictoriesaswellascryingforyourtragedies.Ihavealargecollectionofnewspaperphotographsofmystudents.AlthoughIhaven’tappearedinperson,Ihaveattendedyourcollegegraduations,weddingsandeventhebirthofyourchildren,inmyimagination.”Ms.Yatespausedandstartedcryingabit.Thenshecontinued:“ItwasmybeliefthatifIpushedyouashardasIcould,someofyouwouldsucceedtopleasemeandotherswouldsucceedtoannoyme.Regardlessofourmotives,Icanseethatyouhaveallbeensuccessfulinyourchosenpath.”“Thereisnogreaterfortforaneducatorthantoseetheendresultofhisorheryearsofwork.YouhaveallbeenagreatsourceofpleasureandprideformeandIwantyoutoknowIloveyouallfromthebottomofmyheart.”Therewasasilenceoverthecrowdforafewsecondsandthensomeonestartedclapping.Theclappingturnedintocheering,thenintoadeafeningroar(呼喊).Lawyers,truckdrivers,bankersandmodelswererubbingtheireyesorcryingopenlywithnoshameallbecauseofthewordsfromalongforgottenEnglishteacherfromtheirhometown.24.Whatactivitywasorganizedfortheschoolreunion?A.Tellingstoriesaboutpastevents. B.Apicnicontheschoolplayground.C.Sightseeinginthepark. D.Graduates’reportsintheoldbuilding.25.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.SomegraduatesweretoobusytolistentoMs.Yates’speech.B.Somepeoplegottiredfromthereunionactivities.C.ManygraduatesdislikedMs.Yates’waysofteaching.D.Mostpeoplehadlittleinterestinthereunion.26.WecanlearnfromMs.Yates’speechthatshe_________.A.wenttoherstudents’weddingceremonies B.gaveherstudentsadviceontheircareersC.attendedherstudents’collegegraduations D.kepttrackofherstudents’progress.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs.Yates?A.Reliableanddevoted. B.Strictbutcaring.C.Proudbutpatient. D.Toughandgenerous.【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。Barditch高中组织了一次全校同学会，会上英语老师Yates女士的一席发言打动了所有在场的人。虽然她很少对学生说好话，总是要求学生加倍努力，学生们也不喜欢她的教学方式，但是她在学生们毕业后一直关注着他们的情况，她发自心底里爱学生。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Severalformerteacherswereonhandstotellstoriesabouttheolddays.”可知，几名以前的教师在现场讲述过去的故事。由此可知，同学会组织了一个讲述过去的故事的活动。故选A。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Someeyesrolledandtherewereafewlowgroans(嘟囔声)whenMs.Yateswasabouttospeak.Manystartedlookingattheirwatchesandingupwithexcusestobeanywhereinsteadofpreparingtolistentoalecturefromanoldwomanwhohadfewkindwordsforherstudentsandmadethemworkharderthanalltheotherteachersbined.”可知，当Yates女士准备发言时，一些人翻了个白眼，还有几声低低的嘟囔声。许多人开始看表，找借口去其他地方，而不是准备听一个老太太的演讲，她对她的学生很少说好话，让他们比所有其他老师加起来要求得还要努力学习。由此可推知，许多毕业生不喜欢Yates女士的教学方式。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ihaven’tseenmanyofyousinceyourgraduation,butIhavefollowedyourcareersandenjoyedyourvictoriesaswellascryingforyourtragedies.Ihavealargecollectionofnewspaperphotographsofmystudents.AlthoughIhaven’tappearedinperson,Ihaveattendedyourcollegegraduations,weddingsandeventhebirthofyourchildren,inmyimagination.”可知，你们毕业后我就没见过你们，但我关注你们的事业，欣赏你们的胜利，也为你们的悲剧哭泣。我收集了大量学生在报纸上的照片。虽然我没有亲自到场，但在我的想象中，我参加了你们的大学毕业典礼、婚礼，甚至是你们孩子的出生。由此可知，从Yates女士的演讲中，我们能了解到，她一直在记录学生们人生中的进展情况。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Manystartedlookingattheirwatchesandingupwithexcusestobeanywhereinsteadofpreparingtolistentoalecturefromanoldwomanwhohadfewkindwordsforherstudentsandmadethemworkharderthanalltheotherteachersbined.(许多人开始看表，找借口去其他地方，而不是准备听一个老太太的演讲，她对她的学生很少说好话，让他们比所有其他老师加起来要求得还要努力学习)”可知，Yates女士对学生要求很严格；以及第三段中“Ihaven’tseenmanyofyousinceyourgraduation,butIhavefollowedyourcareersandenjoyedyourvictoriesaswellascryingforyourtragedies.Ihavealargecollectionofnewspaperphotographsofmystudents.AlthoughIhaven’tappearedinperson,Ihaveattendedyourcollegegraduations,weddingsandeventhebirthofyourchildren,inmyimagination.(你们毕业后我就没见过你们，但我关注你们的事业，欣赏你们的胜利，也为你们的悲剧哭泣。我收集了大量学生在报纸上的照片。虽然我没有亲自到场，但在我的想象中，我参加了你们的大学毕业典礼、婚礼，甚至是你们孩子的出生)”可知，Yates女士在学生毕业后仍然关心他们的近况，说明她关心学生。综上所述可知，Yates女士虽然严格但是关心学生。故选B。CInarecentannouncement,HarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）saidthattheyhavejoinedforcestoofferfreeonlinecoursesinanefforttoattractmillionsofonlinelearnersworldwide.Beginningthisfall,anumberofcoursesdevelopedbyteachersatbothuniversitieswillbeofferedonlinethroughanew$60millionprogram,knownasedX.“AnyonewithanInternetconnectionanywhereintheworldcanuseouronlinecourses,”HarvardPresidentDrewFaustsaidduringameetingtoannouncetheplan.MIThasofferedaprogramcalledOpenCourseWarefortenyearsthatmakesmaterialsfrommorethan2,000classesfreeonline.Ithasbeenusedbymorethan100millionpeople.InDecember,theschoolannounceditalsowouldbeginofferingaspecialcertificate,knownasMITx,forpeoplewhopletecertainonlinecourses.Harvardhaslongofferedcoursestoawiderpopulationthroughasimilarprogram.TheMITxwillserveasthefoundationforthenewlearningplatform.MITPresidentSusanHockfieldsaidmorethan120,000peoplesignedupforthefirstMITxcourse.ShesaidHarvardandMIThopeotheruniversitieswilljointheminofferingcoursesontheopensourceedXplatform.“Fastenyourseatbelts,”Hockfieldsaid.Otheruniversities,includingStanford,YaleandCarnegieMellon,havebeenexperimentingwithteachingtoaglobalpopulationonline.TheHarvardMITprogramwillbemonitoredbyanotforprofit（非盈利的）organizationbasedinCambridge,tobeownedequallybythetwouniversities.BothMITandHarvardhaveprovided$30milliontostarttheprogram.TheyalsoplantousetheedXplatformtoresearchhowstudentslearnandwhichteachingmethodsandtoolsaremostsuccessful.28.Accordingtothistext,edXis_______.A.apartofthefreeMITOpenCourseWareB.afreeputerprogrambyMITandHarvardC.aHarvardMITplatformoffreeonlinecoursesD.afreeprogramonlineforuniversitiesworldwide29.Whatissaidaboutonlineeducationinthetext?A.Universitieshavebeentryingonlinecourses.B.About2,000onlinecourseshavebeenoffered.C.Over100millionpeoplehavefinishedcoursesonline.D.StanfordandYaletogetherhavecoursessimilartoedX.30.Theunderlinedpartinthetextprobablymeans“”.A.GetreadyforthedifficultiesB.GetreadyforthiseducationalchangeC.GetpreparedtopletetheonlinecoursesD.GetpreparedtomakematerialsfortheedXcourses31.WhatcanbesaidaboutMITxaccordingtothetext?A.ItisfirstofferedaspartoftheedXlearningprogram.B.ItisanotherfreeMITHarvardonlinelearningprogram.C.Itisastandardtorecognizeonlinelearners’achievement.D.ItisanewkindoffreeonlinecourseofHarvardandMIT.【答案】28.C29.A30.B31.C【解析】本文为新闻报道类文体。文章报道了Harvard和MIT联手向全球免费提供网上课程的事情。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段话说Harvard和MIT联手向全球免费提供网上课程及第二段话“anumberofcoursesdevelopedbyteachersatbothuniversitieswillbeofferedonlinethroughanew$60millionprogram,knownasedX”可知edX是这两所大学联手打造的一个网上免费授课的平台。故答案选C。【29题详解】细节判断题。根据倒数第二段话“Otheruniversities,includingStanford,YaleandCarnegieMellon,havebeenexperimentingwithteachingtoaglobalpopulationonline”（其他大学，包括斯坦福大学、耶鲁大学和卡内基梅隆大学，已经在尝试通过网络向全球人口进行教学。）可知大学已经开始尝试在线课程。答案选A。【30题详解】词义推断题。上文说MITPresidentSusanHockfieldsaidmorethan120,000peoplesignedupforthefirstMITxcourse.ShesaidHarvardandMIThopeotheruniversitieswilljointheminofferingcoursesontheopensourceedXplatform.“麻省理工学院校长苏珊·霍克菲尔德表示，超过12万人报名参加了第一届麻省理工学院的课程。她说，哈佛大学和麻省理工学院希望其他大学也能加入他们的行列，在edX平台上提供课程。下文Hockfieldsaid.Otheruniversities,includingStanford,YaleandCarnegieMellon,havebeenexperimentingwithteachingtoaglobalpopulationonline.说其他大学，包括斯坦福大学、耶鲁大学和卡内基梅隆大学，已经在尝试通过网络向全球人口进行教学。划线句的字面意思为“系好安全带”。结合文章的意思可知，这里表示为这些大学在网上开设免费课程这一教育的变革做好准备。故答案为B。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“InDecember,theschoolannounceditalsowouldbeginofferingaspecialcertificate,knownasMITx,forpeoplewhopletecertainonlinecourses”（去年12月，该校宣布还将开始为完成某些在线课程的学员提供一种名为MITx的特殊证书。）以及TheMITxwillserveasthefoundationforthenewlearningplatform.（MITx将作为新的学习平台的基础。）可知MITx是评价在线学习者学习成绩的标准。故答案选C。DWhyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeupashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,thebetteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge,wemaybepletelydestroyedbythedanger.Withknowledge,wecanlessenitseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotentialresourcestobefound.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthem,theywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives.Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspinoffsincludingimprovementsinearthquakeprediction,insatellitesforweatherforecastingandinmunicationssystems.Evennonstickpansandmirroredsunglassesarebyproducts(副产品)oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespaceindustry.Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowscreative,braveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks,italsoholdsdangers.Thedangerexists,butknowledgecanhelphumanbeingtosurvive.Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.Itistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferent,buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuture.32.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1?A.Toexpresshisdoubts. B.Toparedifferentideas.C.TodescribetheconditionsonEarth. D.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion.33.WhatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonParagraph2?A.Humanshavethetendencytofight. B.Humansarenatureborntodoso.C.Humansmayfindnewsourcesoffood. D.Humansdon’tliketostayinthesameplace.34.Whatmakesitpossibleforhumanstoliveonotherplanets?A.Theadaptiveabilityofhumans. B.Resourcesontheearth.C.Ourgeneticmakeup. D.Byproductsinspaceexploration.35.Whichofthestatementscanbestsumupthepassage?A.Spaceexplorationhascreatedmanywonders.B.Spaceexplorationprovidedthebestvalueformoney.C.SpaceexplorationmayhelpusavoidpotentialproblemsonEarth.D.Spaceexplorationmaybenefitscienceandtechnology.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.C【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了人类对太空的探索，太空探索能使我们发现潜在能源，在多方面帮助我们。【32题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇议论文，议论文特点“提出问题，分析问题”，通过“Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?”（人类为什么要探索太空？为什么要把钱、时间和精力花在探索和研究那些没有明显好处的东西上？为什么要把资源花在太空而不是地球上的条件和人身上？）可知第一段提出一系列关于太空探索利弊的问题，是为了引发讨论，引出本文讨论的主题。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中“Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeupashumanbeings.”（也许最好的答案在于我们人类的基因构成。）和“Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.”（也许探索太空的最好原因是这种会在任何可能的地方扩张的遗传倾向。）可知人类探索太空的原因在于人拥有会在任何可能的地方扩张的遗传倾向，这是人的天性，人类天生就是这样做的。故选B项。【34题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段中的“WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.”（虽然地球是已知唯一支持生命的行星，但人类的适应能力肯定会让我们在其他星球上生活。）可知人类的适应能力使人类能够在其他星球上生存。故选A项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。由第三段首句“Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.”（几乎每一个成功的文明都曾进行过探索，因为通过这样做，周围地区的任何危险都可以被识别出来并做好准备。）第四段首句“Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotentialresourcestobefound.”（勘探还可以发现矿物和其他潜在资源。）第五段首句“Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowscreative,braveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.”（虽然很多资源都花在了看似微不足道的回报上，但对太空的探索却让我们这个物种中有创造力、勇敢和智慧的成员能够专注于那些可以拯救我们的事物上。）可知太空探索可以在很多方面帮助我们，寻找资源，避免潜在问题，C项“太空探索可以帮助我们避免地球上潜在的问题”符合文意。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ClaustrophobiaClaustrophobia,orfearofenclosedspaces,isoneofthemostmonfears.Claustrophobiacanbedeepfearorevenpanicasaresultofbeinginasmallspace.Claustrophobiacandevelopafteratroublingchildhoodexperience(suchasbeingtrappedinasmallspaceduringachildhoodgame),orfromanotherunpleasantexperiencelateroninliferelatedtosmallspaces(suchasbeingstuckinalift).___36___Thisresponsethenbeesprogrammedinthebrain,makinganassociationbetweenbeinginatightspaceandfeelinganxiousoroutofcontrol.Asaresult,thepersonoftendevelopsclaustrophobia.AccordingtoMarkPowers,Ph.D.,AssociateProfessorofPsychologyatSouthernMethodistUniversity,“Claustrophobiaisaspecificfearandnotatypeofpanicdisorder.Theprimaryspecificdangerforecastsforclaustrophobiaarethateitherthepersonwillbetrappedorrunoutofair.”___37___Claustrophobiasymptomscaninclude:sweating,acceleratedheartbeat,upsetstomach,passingout,lightheadedness,shaking,breathingproblem,etc.Somemonsituationscancauseanxietyinclaustrophobiasufferers.Theclaustrophobiasuffererwilllookforanexitwheninsidearoom,avoiddrivingonthehighwayormajorroadswherethereisheavytrafficwheninsideacar,avoidtakingliftswheninsideabuilding,orstandnearadoorwhenataparty.___38___Claustrophobiacanhaveharmfulsocialandpsychologicaleffects,sincethepatientwilloftenavoidsituationsinwhichshethinksshewillhaveananxietyattack,leadingtohidingandsadness.___39___AccordingtoDr.Powers,“Exposuretreatment,aformofmindbehavioraltreatment,usuallyr