西藏拉萨那曲第二高级中学2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题

英语试卷注意事项：1.本卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。2.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名，准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。3.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整，笔迹清楚。4.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸，试题卷上答题无效。5.保持书面清洁，不要折叠,不要弄破，弄皱，不准使用涂改液，修正带，刮纸刀。第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howmanycoldshavethemanandhiswifehad?A.Ten.B.Eight.C.Six.2.Howisthewoman’smothernow?A.Sheisquitehealthy.B.Sheisseriouslyill.C.Sheismuchbetter.3.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Kelly’sperhapsnear.B.Kellyforgottotakeherbag.C.Kellymightbehavinglunchnow.4.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A.Sheisaheadmaster.B.Sheisastudent.C.Sheisareporter.5.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shedidn’tworkhard.B.ShecheatedinherEnglishtest.C.Shedidn’tpassherEnglishtest.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.What’sJenny’sfather?A.Heisanengineer.B.Heisaboss.C.Heisapolice.7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.JennyliveshappierthanMary.B.Thewomandoesn’tlikeJennyatall.C.Themandoesn’tagreethatmoneymeanshappiness.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.WhenwillthemanprobablygotoAfrica?A.Thiswinter.B.Thismonth.C.Nextyear.9.HowmanypeoplewenttoAfricawiththewoman?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Wheredoesthewomanwork?A.InTokyo.B.InLondon.C.InOxford.11.Whenwillthetwospeakershavedinner?A.Today.B.Tomorrow.C.Thedayaftertomorrow.12.WhoisprobablyJane?A.Thewoman’scustomer.B.Thewoman’sboss.C.Theman’swife.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Smokeless.B.Putoutthecigarette.C.Quitsmoking.14.Howoldwasthemanwhenhestartedsmoking?A.15yearsold.B.17yearsold.C.19yearsold.15.Whatdoweknowabouttheman’sfather?A.Hequitsmokingaftergettingmarried.B.Hediedfromadisease.C.Hehadthroatcancer.16.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Doctorandpatient.B.Strangers.C.Husbandandwife.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhydidthemanandhisbrotherdecidetogoonatriptoSpain?A.Becauseofabook.B.Becauseofanadvertisement.C.Becauseofamovie.18.HowwouldthemanandhisbrothergotoBarcelona?A.Bycar.B.Bytrain.C.Byplane.19.HowlongdidthetriptoSpainlast?A.7days.B.5days.C.3days.20.Whatdoweknowaboutthemanandhisbrother?A.Theydidn’tplanatripatfirst.B.Theygotalowerpricefortheirtrip.C.Theyworkedinatravelagency.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(A)ArtbeatinMarchBuddhistpaintingsAdistinctivegenreofarthistory,BuddhistpaintingsarelargelyoftheMingandQingdynasties.InadditiontotheBuddhas,thepaintingsalsoportrayTaoistfiguresandfolktalefairies,andnormallyusedemperors,chancellorsandgeneralsasprototypes.Theyfeaturemeticulousgongbibrushworkandthicklayersofmagnificentcolors.9a.m.—5p.m.,closedonMondays,untilApril6.CapitalMuseum,16FuxingmenwaiDajie(Street),Xichengdistrict,Beijing.01063370491/2.RetrospectiveforanImpressionistOilpainterSunYuntai(19132005)expressedadeepaffectionfornatureinhislandscapesthatfeatureplexandaccuratebrushwork.AmemorativeexhibitionatSoka10a.m.—6:30p.m.,closedonMondays,untilMarch30.SokaArtCenter,798artdistrict,4JiuxianqiaoLu(Road),Chaoyangdistrict,Beijing.01059784808.RoyalcollectionMasterpiecesfromthecollectionsoftheprinceofLiechtensteinareonshowinShanghaiuntilthebeginningofJune.Theshowconsistsofmorethan100oilpaintings,printsandtapestries.HighlightsincludeworksbyPeterPaulRubens,AnthonyvanDyckandothersfromtheFlemishschoolofpainting.9a.m.—5p.m.,TueSun,untilJun2.Exhibitionhall17,ChinaArtMuseumShanghai,205ShangnanLu(Road),PudongNewArea,Shanghai.4009219021.QiBaishi'soeuvreBeijingFineArtAcademy’smuseumboastsmanyworksbyQiBaishi(18641957),theChinesepaintingmaster,rangingfromhisinkandwashworkstocalligraphyandseals.Theexhibitionenrichespeople’sunderstandingofQi’sartphilosophybydisplayinghisdiaries,letters,poemsandnotes,alongwithhisartworks.Italsoshowsforthefirsttimeasetof12paintingsofChinesezodiacanimals.ThesubjectwasararityofQi’soeuvrethatmostlyfeaturemountainsandwater,flowersandbirdsandfigures.9a.m.—5p.m.,untilApril8.ArtMuseumofBeijingFineArtAcademy,Courtyard12,ChaoyangGongyuanNanLu(Road),Beijing.01065025171.1.Whichofthefollowingexhibitionslaststhelongesttime?A.Buddhistpaintings. B.Royalcollection.C.QiBaishi’soeuvre. D.RetrospectiveforanImpressionist2.IfyoubelieveinBuddhism,whereyoucangotoappreciateanexhibition?A.SokaArtCenter B.ArtMuseumofBeijingC.CapitalMuseum3.Fromthetext,wecanknowthatifyouworkinBeijingandarefreeonFridayafter5p.m.,youcanonlyenjoy________.A.QiBaishi'soeuvre. B.BuddhistpaintingsC.Royalcollection. D.RetrospectiveforanImpressionist【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三月四个艺术展览的情况，包括展览主题、时间和地址等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Buddhistpaintings部分中“9a.m.—5p.m.,closedonMondays,untilApril6.(上午9点至下午5点，周一闭馆，4月6日结束)”；RetrospectiveforanImpressionist部分中“10a.m.—6:30p.m.,closedonMondays,untilMarch30.(上午10点至下午6点30分，周一闭馆，截止3月30日)”；Royalcollection部分中“9a.m.—5p.m.,TueSun,untilJun2.(周二至周日上午9点至下午5点，截肢到6月2日)”以及QiBaishi'soeuvre部分中“9a.m.—5p.m.,untilApril8.(上午9点至下午5点，截止到4月8日)”可知，Royalcollection展览持续时间最长。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Buddhistpaintings部分中“CapitalMuseum,16FuxingmenwaiDajie(Street),Xichengdistrict,Beijing.01063370491/2.(北京市西城区复兴门外大街16号首都博物馆01063370491/2)”可知，如果你信仰佛教，你可以去首都博物馆欣赏展览。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据RetrospectiveforanImpressionist部分中“10a.m.—6:30p.m.,closedonMondays,untilMarch30.SokaArtCenter,798artdistrict,4JiuxianqiaoLu(Road),Chaoyangdistrict,Beijing.(上午10点至下午6点30分，周一闭馆，截止3月30日。北京市朝阳区酒仙桥路4号798艺术区索卡艺术中心)”可知，如果你在北京工作，周五下午5点后有空，你只能欣赏印象派作品回顾展。故选D。（B）Earthquakesaresomethingthatpeoplefear.Therearesomeplacesthathavefewornoearthquakes.Mostplacesintheworld,however,havethemregularly.Countriesthathavealotofearthquakesareusuallyquitemountainous.ThemosttalkedaboutearthquakeintheUnitedStateswasinSanFranciscoin1906.Over700peoplediedinit.ThestrongestoneinNorthAmericawasin1964.IthappenedinAlaska.Strongearthquakesarenotalwaystheonesthatkillthemostpeople.In1755,oneofthestrongestearthquakeseverrecordedwasfeltinPortugal.Around2,000peopledied.In1923,averystrongearthquakehitTokyo,YokohamaareaofJapan.Ahundredandfortythousandpeopledied.Mostofthemdiedinfireswhichfollowedtheearthquake.OneoftheworstearthquakeseverwasinChinain2008.Itkilledalargenumberofpeople.TheworstearthquakeeverreportedwasalsoinChina,inwhich400,000peoplewerekilledorinjured.Thisearthquakehappenedin1556.Earthquakesworrypeoplealot.Thereasonisthatweoftendonotknowwhentheyareing.Peoplecannotprepareforearthquakes.4.Earthquakeshappen________.A.inalltheplacesintheworldB.onlyinthecountriesthathavealotofmountainsC.regularlyinmostplacesintheworldD.onlyinafewplacesalongthecoast5.Whenandwherewastheworstearthquakeeverreported?A.In1964inAlaska. B.In1556inChina.CIn1923inJapan. D.In2008inChina.6.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Thestrongertheearthquakeis,themorepeoplearekilled.B.Earthquakesofteneunexpectedly.C.Earthquakescancausefires.D.Peoplestilldon'tknowhowtotellwhenanearthquakewille.7.Whatmaybetalkedaboutintheseventhparagraph?A.Howdoearthquakesworrypeople?B.Whatwillpeopledotoprepareforearthquakes?C.Howcanwesavepeoplewhenearthquakeshappen?D.Howdoearthquakeshappen?【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.B【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章。本文主要讲述的是地震及历史上几次有名的地震情况。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后部分的“TherearesomeplacesthathavefewornoearthquakesMostplacesintheworld,however,havethemregularly.Countriesthathavealotofearthquakesareusuallyquitemountainous.”（有些地方很少或根本没有地震。然而，世界上大多数地方的地震都有规律的。地震频繁的国家通常是多山的。）可知，地震发生多数在多山的地方，因而是有规律的。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“TheworstearthquakeeverreportedwasalsoinChina,inwhich400,000peoplewerekilledorinjured.Thisearthquakehappenedin1556.”（有史以来最严重的地震也发生在中国，造成40万人死亡或受伤。这次地震发生在1556年。）可知，最可怕的地震是1556年发生在中国的。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“Strongearthquakesarenotalwaystheonesthatkillthemostpeople.”（强地震并不总是造成大多数人死亡的地震）可知A项不正确，而B、C、D三项根据常识可知都是正确的。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Earthquakesworrypeoplealot.Thereasonisthatweoftendonotknowwhentheyareing.Peoplecannotprepareforearthquakes.”（地震使人们担忧。主要原因是我们常常不知道他们什么时候来。人们不能为地震做准备。）。分析句意知，人们对地震是没办法做很多准备的，接下来的将是人们能够做的事情。分析选项可知B项（人们能为地震准备做些什么）符合题意，故选B项。（C）Banksviewonlinebankingasapowerful“valueadded”tooltoattractandkeepnewcustomerswhilehelpingtoeliminatecostlypaperhandlingorteller(出纳员)interactionsinanincreasinglypetitivebankingenvironment.Today,mostlargenationalbanks,manylocalbanksandcreditunionsoffersomeformofonlinebanking,variouslyknownasPCbanking,homebanking,electronicbankingorInternetbanking.Onlinebanksaresometimesreferredtoas“bricktoclick”banks,bothtotellthemfrom“bricktomortar”banksthathaven’tyetofferedonlinebanking,aswellasfrom“virtual”(虚拟)banksthathavenophysicalbranchesortellerswhatsoever.Thechallenge(挑战)forthebankingindustryhasbeentodesignthisnewservicechannelinsuchawaythatitscustomerswillreadilylearntouseandtrustit.Mostofthelargebankscannowofferfullysafe,fullyfunctional(功能的)onlinebankingforfreeorforasmallcost.Asmorebankssucceedonlineandmorecustomersusetheirsites,fullyfunctionalonlinebankingwilllikelybeeasmonplaceasautomatedtellermachines(ATM).Onlinebankinghasalotofadvantages.Unlikeyourcornerbank,onlinebankingsitesneverclose;they’reathand24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek,andthey’reamouseclickaway.Ifyou’reoutofstateorevenoutofthecountrywhenamoneyproblemappears,youcanlogoninstantlytoyouronlinebankandtakecareofbusiness.Onlinebanksitesgenerallycarryoutandconfirm(确认)dealsatorquickerthanATMprocessingspeeds.Manyonlinebankingsitesnowofferfashionabletoolstohelpyoumanageallofyourvaluableitemsmoreeffectively.8.Theword“eliminate”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans“”.A.keep B.remove C.reduce D.improve9Whatisthechallengeforthebankingindustryaccordingtothetext?A.Tomakeonlinebankingattractive. B.Toopennewservicesallovertheworld.C.Toofferonlinebankingforfree. D.Totakecareofbusiness24hoursaday.10.Fromthetextwecanconcludethat.A.“bricktoclick”banksareinfactanotherkindofphysicalbanksB.thefunctionofa“bricktoclick”bankisasmonasthatofanATMC.a“bricktomortar”bankisnobetterthanavirtualoneD.customerscandealwiththeirbankingbyamouseclick11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.BankingofVariousForms B.ImprovementofBankingIndustryC.DevelopmentofOnlineBanking D.Functionsofthe“BricktoClick”Bank【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文，主要说明网上银行功能和优势，同时还说明了探索面临的挑战。【8题详解】词义猜测题。第一段作者叙述了网上银行的优势。根据前半句“Banksviewonlinebankingasapowerful“valueadded”tooltoattractandkeepnewcustomers（银行认为网上银行是一种强大的增值工具,可以用它来吸引和维护新的客户）”结合下文“whilehelpingtoeliminatecostlypaperhandlingorteller(出纳员)interactionsinanincreasinglypetitivebankingenvironment.”可知，同时也可以帮助去除昂贵的银行员工以及纸张处理等费用。由此可知，eliminate意为“去除”。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。第三段的首句为本段的中心句，提到了“Thechallengeforthebankingindustry…thatitscustomerswillreadilylearntouseandtrustit.（银行业面对的挑战是让客户学习使用和信任这种新的服务）”第三段后面的内容都是对中心句进行解释和说明。由此可知，银行的挑战是让网上银行变得具有吸引力。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Unlikeyourcornerbank,onlinebankingsitesneverclose;they’reathand24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek,andthey’reamouseclickaway.（不像你的街角银行，网上银行网站从不关闭；他们一周七天，一天24小时都在身边，只需轻轻一点鼠标）”可知，客户只需点击鼠标就可以办理银行业务。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Banksviewonlinebankingasapowerful“valueadded”tooltoattractandkeepnewcustomerswhilehelpingtoeliminatecostlypaperhandlingorteller(出纳员)interactionsinanincreasinglypetitivebankingenvironment.（行将网上银行视为一种强大的“增值”工具，可以吸引和留住新客户，同时有助于消除昂贵的纸张处理或出纳员在竞争日益激烈的银行业环境中进行互动）”结合下文内容可知，这篇短文是以说明网上银行为主，不仅提到了它的功能，还提到了它的优势，它数量的增加，它面临的挑战等，所以“网上银行的发展”。故选C。(D)Iimaginetheremightbeafootballerortwowhohaswokenfromaterrifyingdreamwheretheycan’tseetheball,ortheingoppositeplayer.Inthemiddleofthegame,they’veendeduplost,unabletomomentarilyknowinwhichdirectiontheyareplaying.Suchistheusualworldforplayersinblindfootballwheregettingthewrongdirectiononthepitchisonlyanoccasionalproblem,quicklycorrected.Blindfootballisplayedworldwide,inEngland,inJapan,inChinaandsoon.Therulesaresimple,theactionfast.Theballisfilledwithballbearingsthatmakesoundsastheballmoves,enablingtheplayerstospottheballveryaccurately—althoughiftheballistoofastortooslow,thesoundbeessmallandspottingitisharder.It’sfiveaside,includingasightedgoalkeeperbutplusa“caller”foryourteambehindtheopponent’sgoal.Alltheplayersonthepitchwearablindfoldtoavoidanypotentialcheatingfromanyonesightedorpartiallysighted.Butmanyplayersaretotallyblind.Forexample,Japaneseplayer,YasuhiroSasaki,canseenothing,thoughhewaspartiallysightedwhenyounger,whenhewasafanofregularfootball.The“caller”isanessentialaidtotheplayers,callingoutdirectionstotheball,and,importantly,distanceandangletothegoal.Acallerhastobequickmindedandtrainwithteammembers.Nowhappily,manypeopleetoblindfootball“fromaninterestinfootballforemost,ratherthananyinterestinthedisability.”Allinall,blindfootballmightbeepopularwithmoreblindpeople.12.Theauthormentionsaterrifyingdreaminthefirstparagraphto________.A.introducethefearaprofessionalplayermaysufferB.warnplayersnottogetthewrongdirectionC.describethedifficultiesablindfootballermighthaveD.analyzewhyafootballgamemayendupinfailure13.Accordingtotherulesofblindfootball,whichofthefollowingisright?A.Therearefiveplayersoneachteam,includingacaller.B.Thecallersprovidenecessaryinformationfortheplayers.C.Theballshouldbepassedneithertoofastnortooslow.D.Thecalleristheonlypersonwhocanseeontheteam.14.Whydoplayerswearablindfoldwhileplaying?A.Toensureanhonestgame. B.Tokeeppartiallyblindplayersoutofthegame.C.Tomakethegamemoreexciting. D.Tocheckthatallplayersaretotallyblind.15.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Afootballgamefortheblind. B.Anewwaytoplayblindfootball.C.Blindfootballaroundtheworld. D.Howtoplayblindfootball.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了盲人足球这项体育运动，介绍了其比赛规则以及受欢迎情况。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Iimaginetheremightbeafootballerortwowhohaswokenfromaterrifyingdreamwheretheycan’tseetheball,ortheingoppositeplayer.Inthemiddleofthegame,they’veendeduplost,unabletomomentarilyknowinwhichdirectiontheyareplaying.Suchistheusualworldforplayersinblindfootballwheregettingthewrongdirectiononthepitchisonlyanoccasionalproblem,quicklycorrected.(我想可能会有一两个足球运动员从一个可怕的梦中醒来，他们看不到球，也看不到对面的球员。游戏进行到一半时，他们就输了，一时不知道自己在往哪个方向玩。对于盲人足球运动员来说，在球场上走错方向只是偶尔的问题，但很快就会得到纠正)”可推知，作者在第一段提到了一个可怕的梦来描述一个失明的足球运动员可能遇到的困难，故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“The“caller”isanessentialaidtotheplayers,callingoutdirectionstotheball,and,importantly,distanceandangletothegoal.(“引导员”对球员来说是一个重要的帮助，它指示球的方向，重要的是，指示离球门的距离和角度)”可知，B选项“引导员为球员提供必要的信息”正确。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Alltheplayersonthepitchwearablindfoldtoavoidanypotentialcheatingfromanyonesightedorpartiallysighted.(球场上的所有球员都要戴上眼罩，以避免任何视力正常或部分视力正常的人可能作弊)”可知，球员在比赛时要戴上眼罩是为了确保游戏是诚实的。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Blindfootballisplayedworldwide,inEngland,inJapan,inChinaandsoon.Therulesaresimple,theactionfast.Theballisfilledwithballbearingsthatmakesoundsastheballmoves,enablingtheplayerstospottheballveryaccurately—althoughiftheballistoofastortooslow,thesoundbeessmallandspottingitisharder.(世界各地都有盲人足球，在英国、日本、中国等等。规则很简单，行动很快。球里装满了滚珠轴承，当球移动时，滚珠轴承会发出声音，使球员能够非常准确地发现球——尽管如果球太快或太慢，声音会变得很小，很难发现它)”结合文章主要介绍了盲人足球这项体育运动，介绍了其比赛规则以及受欢迎情况。可知，D选项“如何玩盲人足球”最符合文章标题。故选D。第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Somepeoplebelievethatreallysuccessfulstudentsarejustbornthatway.___16___However,thevastmajorityofsuccessfulstudentsachievetheirsuccessbydevelopingandapplyingeffectivestudyhabits._____17_____Successfulstudentstypicallyspacetheirworkoutovershorterperiodsoftimeandrarelytrytocrowdalloftheirstudyingintojustoneortwosessions.Ifyouwanttobeeasuccessfulstudent,thenyoumusthaveregular,yetshorter,studyperiods.Planwhenyou’regoingtostudy.Successfulstudentsschedulespecifictimethroughouttheweekwhentheyaregoingtopletetheirstudying—andthentheystickwiththeirschedule.___18___Studyatthesametime.Notonlyisitimportantthatyouplanwhenyou’regoingtostudybutalsothatyoucreateaconsistentdailystudyroutineandstickwithit.Thus,you’llbementallyandemotionallymorepreparedforeachstudysessionandeachstudysessionwillbeemoreproductive.Haveaspecificgoalineachstudytime.____19____Youneedtoknowexactlywhatyouneedtoacplishduringeachstudysession.Beforeyoustartstudying,setastudysessiongoalthatsupportsyouroverallacademicgoal.Neverdelayyourplannedstudysession.It’sveryeasytoputoffyourstudysessionbecauseoflackofinterestinthesubject,becauseyouhaveotherthingsyouneedtogetdonefirstorjustbecausetheassignmentishard.____20____Ifyoudelayyourstudysession,youstudyingwillbeemuchlesseffective.Delayalsoleadstorushing,andrushingisthenumberonecauseoferrors.A.Studentswhostudyoccasionallydon’tperformaswellasstudentswhohaveasetstudyschedule.B.Usestudygroupseffectively.C.Startwiththemostdifficultsubjectfirst.D.Don’ttrytocrowdallyourstudyingintoonesession.E.Truesomestudentsareabletofinishschoolwithlittleeffort.F.SuccessfulstudentsDONOTputoffstudying.G.Simplystudyingwithoutdirectionisnoteffective.【答案】16.E17.D18.A19.G20.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。有些人认为真正成功的学生就是天生如此。然而，绝大多数成功的学生是通过培养和应用有效的学习习惯而取得成功的。文章主要介绍了一些学习成功学生的有效学习习惯。【16题详解】根据上文“Somepeoplebelievethatreallysuccessfulstudentsarejustbornthatway.(有些人认为真正成功的学生天生就是如此)”以及后文“However,thevastmajorityofsuccessfulstudentsachievetheirsuccessbydevelopingandapplyingeffectivestudyhabits.(然而，绝大多数成功的学生是通过培养和应用有效的学习习惯而取得成功的)”可知，上文提到有些人认为成功的学生天生学习就很成功，后文则与之构成转折，说明本句承接上文继续说明那些学习成功的学生的情况。故E选项“确实，有些学生可以不费什么力气就完成学业”符合语境，故选E。【17题详解】根据本段内容“Successfulstudentstypicallyspacetheirworkoutovershorterperiodsoftimeandrarelytrytocrowdalloftheirstudyingintojustoneortwosessions.Ifyouwanttobeeasuccessfulstudent,thenyoumusthaveregular,yetshorter,studyperiods.(成功的学生通常会把学习时间间隔得更短，很少会把所有的学习时间挤在一两个时间段。如果你想成为一个成功的学生，那么你必须有规律的，更短的学习周期)”可知，本段主要说明了成功的学生不会把时间挤在一两个时间段，可知本段的建议是“不要试图把你所有的学习都挤在一个阶段”。D选项中onesession对应后文中oneortwosessions。故D选项“不要试图把你所有的学习都挤在一个阶段”符合语境，故选D。【18题详解】根据上文“Successfulstudentsschedulespecifictimethroughouttheweekwhentheyaregoingtopletetheirstudying—andthentheystickwiththeirschedule.(成功的学生会在一周中安排特定的时间来完成他们的学习——然后他们会坚持他们的时间表)”可知，上文提到成功的学生会制定学习表，即有固定的学习计划，故A选项“偶尔学习的学生不如有固定学习计划的学生表现得好”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据后文“Youneedtoknowexactlywhatyouneedtoacplishduringeachstudysession.Beforeyoustartstudying,setastudysessiongoalthatsupportsyouroverallacademicgoal.(你需要确切地知道在每个学习阶段你需要完成什么。在你开始学习之前，设定一个支持你整体学习目标的学习目标)”可知，后文提到设定学习目标，可见本句是在强调学习方向的重要性，故G选项“简单地学习而没有方向是没有效果的”符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据上文“It’sveryeasytoputoffyourstudysessionbecauseoflackofinterestinthesubject,becauseyouhaveotherthingsyouneedtogetdonefirstorjustbecausetheassignmentishard.(你很容易因为对这门课缺乏兴趣，因为你有其他事情需要先完成，或者只是因为作业很难而推迟学习)”以及后文“Ifyoudelayyourstudysession,youstudyingwillbeemuchlesseffective.Delayalsoleadstorushing,andrushingisthenumberonecauseoferrors.(如果你推迟了你的学习时间，你的学习效率就会大大降低。延误也会导致匆忙，而匆忙是导致错误的首要原因)”可知，上文提到了拖延学习的情况，后文则说明了推迟学习的不良影响，F选项中putoff对应后文中delay。故F选项“成功的学生不会拖延学习”符合语境，故选F。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I’moneofthetallestmembersofmyclass,alwaysbendingatthebackofthelinetoavoidstickingout.Iespecially____21____tohearpeoplesay,“Ruthie!Lookhowtallyou’regetting!”____22____mygrandfatherwouldalwaystellme,“Standstraightandtall,”LaterIunderstoodhisadvicewasaboutmorethanjust____23____.MygrandfathergrewupinwartornEurope.WhenGermansoldiers____24____hishometown,thebeautifulcityofTarnow,Poland,hefoughtforhiscountry’s____25____.“Standstraight,standtall,”meantsomethingelsebackthen.Afterthe____26____,heboardedaboatforAmerica,arrivinginManhattan.Allaloneinanewcountry,hewasfrightenedabouthis____27____.Still,hemarchedheadonintothe____28____streetsofNewYork.SoonhemetotherEuropeanimmigrants,eachofthem____29____tofindhisorherownway.Iftheycoulddoit,____30____couldn’the?“Standstraight,standtall,”hewould____31____himself.Thankstothehelpofaloyalandtrustingfriend,mygrandfatheracquireda____32____storeonCanalStreet.Heoncetoldmehow____33____hewasonthatfirstdayofwork.Hewasnotonlytryingtolearnthistough____34____business,butalsoanewlanguage.Tohis____35____,themeninthemunityofferedtheirhelpandadvice.Withinmonths,mygrandfatherwas____36____diamondsandpearlsasifhe’dbeendoingithiswholelife.I____37____mygrandfathermorethananyoneelseinmychildhood.And____38____Iwasafraidofsomething,hewouldtellmestoriesofhislife.Listeningtomygrandfather’sremarkableexperienceshave___39___thewayIviewmyownlife.Hisadvicetellsmetobe____40____ofwhoIam.“Standstraight,standtall,”mygrandfathertoldme.AndIdo.21.A.hated B.frightened C.doubted D.loved22.A.And B.So C.While D.But23.A.height B.life C.length D.attitude24.A.entered B.occupied C.owned D.passed25.A.democracy B.fate C.freedom D.equality26.A.war B.conflict C.incident D.battle27.A.reality B.future C.family D.safety28.A.wide B.busy C.wealthy D.clean29.A.fighting B.imagining C.dreaming D.trying30.A.why B.how C.what D.where31.A.fort B.conduct C.remind D.persuade32.A.grocery B.gold C.jewelry D.clothes33.A.excited B.nervous C.cheerful D.homesick34.A.traditional B.new C.difficult D.profitable35.A.mind B.taste C.joy D.surprise36.A.exchanging B.producing C.advertising D.selling37.A.appreciated B.depended C.followed D.trusted38.A.whatever B.whenever C.however D.wherever39.A.changed B.formed C.improved D.proved40.A.satisfied B.sure C.proud D.happy【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.B25.C26.A27.B28.B29.D30.A31.C32.C33.B34.B35.D36.D37.D38.B39.A40.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的祖父在饱受战争摧残的欧洲长大，战后祖父去了美国开始经营一家珠宝店。在生活的种种困难中，祖父总是用“挺直腰杆”这句话激励和提醒自己，也提醒作者。每当作者感到害怕的时候，祖父就会讲他的故事。听祖父非凡的经历改变了作者对自己人生的看法。他的建议告诉作者要为自己感到骄傲。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我特别讨厌听到人们说：“露丝!看你都长这么高了！”A.hated讨厌；B.frightened害怕；C.doubted怀疑；D.loved爱。根据上文“I’moneofthetallestmembersofmyclass,alwaysbendingatthebackofthelinetoavoidstickingout.”可知作者因为身高总是排在队伍的最后，可推测作者讨厌别人说自己的身高问题。故选A。【22题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：但我的祖父总是告诉我：“要挺直腰杆。”A.And并且；B.So所以；C.While当……时候；D.But但是。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来我明白了他的建议不仅仅是关于身高。A.height高度，身高；B.life生活；C.length长度；D.attitude态度。根据上文“Standstraightandtall”可知“挺直腰杆”的建议不仅仅是关于身高。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当德国士兵占领了他的家乡，美丽的波兰塔诺市时，他为祖国的自由而战。A.entered进入；B.occupied占有；C.owned拥有；D.passed通过。根据上文“MygrandfathergrewupinwartornEurope.”可推测是德国士兵占领了祖父的家乡，故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当德国士兵占领了他的家乡，美丽的波兰塔诺市时，他为祖国的自由而战。A.democracy民主；B.fate命运；C.freedom自由；D.equality平等。根据上文“hefoughtforhiscountry’s”可知家乡被德国士兵占领，所以为国家的自由而战斗。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：战后，他登上了一艘前往美国的船，到达了曼哈顿。A.war战争；B.conflict冲突；C.incident事件；D.battle战斗。上文“MygrandfathergrewupinwartornEurope.”提到当时祖父的家乡经历战争，所以是战后登上了一艘前往美国的船，到达了曼哈顿。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：独自一人在一个陌生的国家，他对自己的未来感到害怕。A.reality现实；B.future未来；C.family家；D.safety安全。根据上文“Allaloneinanewcountry,hewasfrightenedabouthis”可知祖父初到陌生的国家，为自己的未来担心害怕。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是迎头冲进了纽约繁忙的街道。A.wide广泛的；B.busy忙碌的；C.wealthy富有的；D.clean干净的。根据后文“streetsofNewYork”指纽约繁忙的街头。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，他遇到了其他欧洲移民，他们每个人都在努力寻找自己的道路。A.fighting打架；B.imagining想象；C.dreaming梦想；D.trying尝试。根据后文“tofindhisorherownway”指努力尝试寻找自己的道路。故选D。【30题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：如果他们能做到，为什么他不能？A.why为什么；B.how如何；C.what什么；D.where在哪里。此处对原因提问，表示“为什么”应用why。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“站直了，站直了，”他会提醒自己。A.fort安慰；B.conduct实施；C.remind提醒；D.persuade说服。根据后文宾语himself可知祖父是在用这句话提醒自己，故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一位忠实可靠的朋友的帮助下，祖父在坚尼街买下了一家珠宝店。A.grocery杂货店；B.gold黄金；C.jewelry珠宝；D.clothes衣服。根据后文“diamondsandpearls”可知这是一家珠宝店。故选C。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他曾经告诉我，第一天上班他是多么紧张。A.excited激动的；B.nervous紧张的；C.cheerful高兴的；D.homesick思乡的。根据后文“hewasonthatfirstdayofwork.Hewasnotonlytryingtolearnthistough”可知父亲第一天上班面临诸多挑战，很紧张。故选B。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不仅在努力学习这门新生意，而且还在努力学习一门新语言。A.traditional传统的；B.new新的；C.difficult困难的；D.profitable有利可图的。根据后文“butalsoanewlanguage”可知父亲之前没有做过珠宝生意，所以是新生意。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他惊讶的是，社区里的人提供了他们的帮助和建议。A.mind思维；B.taste味道；C.joy快乐；D.surprise惊讶。根据后文“themeninthemunityofferedtheirhelpandadvice”可知社区里的人提供了他们的帮助和建议，这对于初来乍到的父亲来说很让他惊讶，toone’ssurprise“令某人惊讶的是”。故选D。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不出几个月，祖父就开始卖钻石和珍珠了，就好像他一辈子都在卖一样。A.exchanging交换；B.producing产生；C.advertising广告；D.selling出