天津市河东区2023-2024学年高二上学期期中质量检测英语试题含答案解析

河东区2023～2024学年度第一学期期中质量检测高二英语试卷注意事项：1.本试卷共100分，考试时间90分钟。2.请将答案填写在答题纸上。Ⅰ.听力理解(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodrink?A.Hottea.B.Icewater.C.Hotcoffee.2.Wherecanthewomanfindthenearestdrugstore?A.Inthesupermarket.B.OnFourthStreet.C.Nexttoavegetablemarket.3.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Workhard.B.Takelessexercise.C.Haveabreak.4.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Expressingthanks.B.Buyingaticket.C.Seeingthemanoff.5.Whenwillthefilmend?A.At9:45.B.At9:30.C.At9:15.第二节(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8三个小题。6.TowhomisMr.Jamestalking?A.Sandra’smother.B.Sandra’sclassmate.C.Sandra’steacher.7.WhatdoweknowaboutSandra?A.Shedoesn’teatmeatatall.B.Sheisunwillingtohaveschoolmeals.C.Shelikesproductswhichcontainnuts.8.WhatwillSandradotomorrow?A.Transfertoanotherschool.B.Trytoaskforsickleave.C.Gotothedentist.听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11三个小题。9.WhydoesJacobcallErica?A.Tomakeanapology.B.Toputofftheappointment.C.Tosharethegoodnews.10.WhatdoesJacobdecidetodothisFridayevening?A.VisitEricaatherhome.B.GotoMary’ssuperior’sparty.C.WaitforacallfromErica.11.WhatisEricaprobablygoingtodonext?A.TalkwithAlex.B.PickupAlex’sparents.C.HaveadinneratSardi’sRestaurant.听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15四个小题。12.Whatwilltheweatherbelikethisafternoon?A.Cloudy.B.Rainy.C.Sunny.13.WhatwillthehighesttemperaturebeonSaturday?A.10℃.B.9℃.C.8℃.14.Whatseasonisit?A.Autumn.B.Winter.C.Spring.15.Howdoesthespeakersoundintheend?A.Serious.B.Worried.C.Humorous.Ⅱ.单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.--Lisahasdecidedtoquitherjob.--_____Herjobiswhatwe’redreamingof.A.It’sgreat. B.Whatif? C.Shecan’tbeserious. D.Nobother.【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——丽莎决定辞职。——她的工作正是我们梦寐以求的。A.It’sgreat.太棒了；B.Whatif?如果......会怎么样；C.Shecan’tbeserious.她不可能是认真的；D.Nobother.不麻烦。根据句意可知，对方认为丽莎的工作非常好，因此认为她辞职的决定可能不是认真的。故选C项。2.Themaintopicoftheconversationamongpeoplerecentlyhasbeenthepossible_____oftheelection.A.outcome B.root C.contrast D.outline【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近人们谈论的主要话题是选举可能的结果。A.outcome结果；B.root根源；C.contrast对比；D.outline大纲。根据句意可知，人们主要谈论的是选举可能出现的结果。故选A项。3.Withgreatefforts,Ifinally______thekeythatI______aweekbefore.A.hadfound…lost B.found…hadlost C.found…lost D.hadfound…havelost【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：经过一番努力，我终于找到了一周前丢失的钥匙。“find”表示“找到”，为主句谓语动词，该动作发生在过去，用一般过去时态；“lose”表示“丢失”，为从句谓语动词，发生在“find”之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时态。故选B。4.Howtoplaythepianowasdifficult,buthekept____untilheachievedhisgoal.A.practicing B.topracticeC.practiced D.practice【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如何弹钢琴是困难的，但他坚持练习，直到他达到了他的目标。Keepdoingsth表示“保持做某事”，用动名词作宾语，故选A项。5._____becausetheywerepromisedtogetpaid,theydecidedtotakepart.However,itwasatotaldisappointment.A.Merely B.Literally C.Rarely D.Hopefully【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：仅仅因为他们被许诺会得到报酬，他们就决定参加。然而，这是一件令人彻底失望的事。A.Merely仅仅，只；B.Literally字面上地；C.Rarely很少；D.Hopefully有希望地。根据句意可知，仅仅是因为口头的许诺，他们就同意参加了。故选A项。6.Anopenmindedpersonisableto______newconditionsquickly.A.contributeto B.leadto C.adaptto D.declineto【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个思想开放的人能够很快适应新的环境。A.contributeto有助于；B.leadto导致；C.adaptto适应；D.declineto拒绝。根据“newconditionsquickly.”可知，思想开放的人适应新的环境快。故选C。7.PractisingdayinanddayouthelpedStephenCurry______hisskills.A.suspect B.sharpen C.detect D.dread【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：日复一日的训练帮助斯蒂芬·库里提高了他的技术。A.suspect怀疑；B.sharpen改善，提高；C.detect觉察；D.dread畏惧。根据句意可知，日复一日的训练可以提高技术。故选B项。8.Wehada_____timetalkingabouttheoldbutunforgettabledaysonhisfarm.A.embarrassed B.embarrassing C.delighted D.delightful【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们聊起在他农场度过的往昔那些难忘的日子，度过了一段愉快的时光。A.embarrassed（人）感到尴尬的；B.embarrassing令人尴尬的；C.delighted（人）感到开心的；D.delightful令人愉快的。根据句意可知，我们谈论过去难忘的日子，度过了一段愉快的时光。此处形容词修饰“time”，故选D项。9.Thisworkingisstartingto______,sowehaveenoughreasonstocontinue.A.payfor B.carryon C.payoff D.carryout【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这项工作开始有回报了，所以我们有足够的理由继续下去。A.payfor支付；B.carryon继续；C.payoff取得成功，得到回报；D.carryout实施。根据后文“sowehaveenoughreasonstocontinue.”可知，要继续下去，说明有回报了。故选C。10.Pleasetrustme.Iguarantee______yourgoodswithinaweek.A.delivering B.tobedelivered C.beingdelivered D.todeliver【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：请相信我。我保证一周内交付你的货物。guaranteetodosth.保证做某事，固定搭配。主语I与deliver之间为主动关系，所以用不定式主动形式。故选D。11.Doremember______thedoorwhenyouleave.A.lock B.tolock C.locking D.locked【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：离开时一定要记得锁门。remembertodosth.记得去做某事（未做）；rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事（已做）。根据“whenyouleave.”可知，离开时还没有锁门，所以是记得要去锁门。故选B。12.Thisisakindofplant,native______EuropebutintroducedinAmerica.A.to B.in C.from D.for【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：这是一种植物，原产于欧洲，但被引入美国。A.to到；B.in在……里面；C.from来自；D.for为了。benativeto表示“原产于”。根据“butintroducedinAmerica.”可知，这种植物原产于欧洲。故选A。13.Weshall______immediatelyoncethematterissettledsothatwecanarriveearlier.A.bringout B.setout C.giveway D.turndown【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一旦事情解决，我们将立即出发，以便我们能早点到达。A.bringout使显现；出版；B.setout出发；C.giveway让步；D.turndown拒绝。根据“sothatwecanarriveearlier.”可知，立即出发能早点到达。故选B。14.Lisafoundthatitwasimpossible______inanewplacewithoutfriends.A.living B.lived C.live D.tolive【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：丽莎发现没有朋友在一个新地方生活是不可能的。itis+adj.+todosth.表示“做某事是……”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。故选D。15.MissYangisthebestteacher,______shehastheleastexperience.A.asif B.until C.eventhough D.if【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：杨老师是最好的老师，尽管她经验最少。A.asif似乎，好像；B.until直到；C.eventhough尽管，即使；D.if如果。根据句意可知，前后构成转折关系，空处引导让步状语从句。故选C项。Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Iwasstandinginthecheckoutlinebehindawomanwholookedlikeinher60s.Whenitwasherturnto____16____,thecashiergreetedherbynameand____17____herhowshewasdoing.Thewomanshookherheadandsaid,“Notsogood.Myhusbandjust____18____hisjobandmysonisuptohisoldtricks.Idon’tknowhowI’mgoingto____19____theholidays.”Thenshegavethecashierfoodstamps.My____20____ached.Iwantedtohelp____21____didn’tknowhow.AsIwalkedintotheparkinglot,Ispottedthewoman____22____hershoppingcart,andIrememberedsomethinginmypursethatcould____23____her.Itwasn’tahandfulofcashorajobforher____24____,butmaybejustmaybeitwouldmakeherlifebetter.“Excuseme,”Isaid.“Icouldn’thelpoverhearingwhatyousaidtothecashier.It____25____likeyou’regoingthroughareallyhardtimerightnow.I’mso____26____.I’dliketogiveyousomething.”AndI____27____heracard.Whenthewomanreadthecard’sonlytwowords,shebeganto____28____.Hereyesfillingwithtears,shesaid,“Youhavenoideahowmuchthismeanstome.”Iwasalittle____29____byherreply.AllIcouldrespondwas“Oh,woulditbeOKtogiveyouahug?”Afterweembraced,Iwalkedbacktomy____30____andbegantocrytoo.Thewordsonthe____31____:YouMatter.Afewweeksearlieracolleaguegavemethesamecardas____32____foraprojectIwasworkingon.WhenI____33____thecard,Ifeltawarmglowspreadinsideofme.Deeply____34____,IcamehomeandorderedmyownboxofYouMattercardsandstarted____35____themtoo.16.A.show B.check C.count D.pay17.A.gave B.offered C.asked D.called18.A.satisfied B.lost C.began D.minded19.A.getthrough B.getacross C.breakthrough D.putout20.A.head B.heart C.stomach D.brain21.A.so B.and C.or D.but22.A.getting B.cleaning C.returning D.using23.A.help B.save C.respect D.change24.A.husband B.son C.relative D.friend25.Asmells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds26.A.nervous B.puzzled C.sorry D.afraid27.A.bought B.handed C.taught D.showed28.A.cry B.smile C.swim D.leave29.A.concerned B.amused C.surprised D.frightened30.A.office B.car C.position D.horse31.A.watch B.phone C.invitation D.card32.A.convenience B.advice C.amazement D.encouragement33.A.prepared B.accepted C.read D.processed34.A.supported B.touched C.confused D.required35A.sharing B.discovering C.exchanging D.making【答案】16.D17.C18.B19.A20.B21.D22.C23.A24.A25.D26.C27.B28.A29.C30.B31.D32.D33.C34.B35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在超市时，无意中听到前面的女人过得并不好，作者感到心痛，于是把同事送给自己的激励卡片送给了女人，女人看后十分感动，作者回家也订购了一盒这样的卡片，准备和他人分享。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：轮到她付款时，收银员叫出她的名字向她打招呼，并问她过得怎么样。A.show展示；B.check检查；C.count计算；D.pay支付。根据上文“Iwasstandinginthecheckoutlinebehindawomanwholookedlikeinher60s.(我在收银台排队，后面站着一个60多岁的女人)”可知，此处指轮到女人付钱了。故选D。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：轮到她付款时，收银员叫出她的名字向她打招呼，并问她过得怎么样。A.gave给予；B.offered提供；C.asked询问；D.called打电话。根据后文“herhowshewasdoing”指收银员询问女人的情况。故选C。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫刚失业，我儿子老毛病又犯了。A.satisfied满足；B.lost丢失，失去；C.began开始；D.minded介意。根据上文“Notsogood.(不太好)”可知，女人的情况不太好，推测丈夫丢了工作，故选B。【19题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不知道我要怎么度过这个假期。A.getthrough度过；B.getacross传达，使理解；C.breakthrough突破；D.putout扑灭。根据宾语“theholidays”指度过假期，应用getthrough。故选A。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的心很痛。A.head头；B.heart心；C.stomach胃；D.brain大脑。根据后文“Iwantedtohelp”作者想要帮助对方，可推知作者听了女人的情况感到心痛。故选B。【21题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我想帮忙，但不知道该怎么做。A.so所以；B.and并且；C.or或者；D.but但是。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走进停车场的时候，我看到那位女士正在归还推购物车，我想起了我钱包里的一些东西可以帮助她。A.getting得到；B.cleaning打扫；C.returning归还，返回；D.using使用。根据后文“hershoppingcart”可知对方已经结了账，所以是归还购物车。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走进停车场的时候，我看到那位女士正在推购物车，我想起了我钱包里的一些东西可以帮助她。A.help帮助；B.save拯救；C.respect尊重；D.change改变。呼应上文“Iwantedtohelp”指作者想到钱包里的东西可以帮助女人。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不能给她丈夫的一笔钱或一份工作，但也许只是也许这会让她的生活更好。A.husband丈夫；B.son儿子；C.relative亲戚；D.friend朋友。根据上文“Myhusbandjust3hisjob”可知女人的丈夫丢了工作。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：听起来你现在正经历一段非常艰难的时期。A.smells闻起来；B.tastes品尝；C.feels感觉；D.sounds听起来。根据上文“Icouldn’thelpoverhearingwhatyousaidtothecashier.(我无意中听到了你对收银员说的话)”可知，作者是根据对话听出来对方正在经历艰难时期。故选D。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很遗憾。A.nervous紧张；B.puzzled困惑的；C.sorry遗憾的，抱歉的；D.afraid害怕的。结合上文提到作者听了对方的情况感到心痛，可知对方抱有同情心，所以说“我很遗憾”。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我递给她一张卡片。A.bought购买；B.handed递给；C.taught教学；D.showed展示。根据后文“thewomanreadthecard’sonlytwowords”可知，作者递给女人一张卡片。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当女人读到卡片上仅有的两个字时，她开始哭了起来。A.cry哭泣；B.smile微笑；C.swim游泳；D.leave离开。根据后文“Hereyesfillingwithtears”可知，女人看到卡片上的字哭了。故选A。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的回答使我有点吃惊。A.concerned担心的；B.amused被逗乐的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.frightened害怕的。根据上文“Hereyesfillingwithtears,shesaid,“Youhavenoideahowmuchthismeanstome.”(她的眼里充满了泪水，她说:“你不知道这对我有多重要。”)”可知，一张卡片被对方认为很重要，结合选项，推测作者当时感到吃惊。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们拥抱后，我走回我的车，开始哭了起来。A.office办公室；B.car车；C.position位置；D.horse马。根据上文“AsIwalkedintotheparkinglot”可知，作者是回到了自己的车里。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：卡片上写着：你很重要。A.watch手表；B.phone电话；C.invitation邀请函；D.card卡片。呼应上文“thewomanreadthecard’sonlytwowords”指卡片上写着“你很重要”。故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周前，一位同事给了我一张同样的卡片，作为对我正在做的一个项目的鼓励。A.convenience方便；B.advice建议；C.amazement惊讶；D.encouragement鼓励。根据后文“foraprojectIwasworkingon”可知卡片是同事作为对作者的鼓励。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我读这张卡片时，我感到一股温暖的光芒在我的内心蔓延。A.prepared准备；B.accepted接受；C.read阅读；D.processed加工。根据后文“Ifeltawarmglowspreadinsideofme”指作者阅读卡片，内心感到温暖。且上文“Whenthewomanreadthecard’sonlytwowords,”也是提示。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我深受感动，回到家，我自己订购了一盒“你很重要”的卡片，也开始和别人分享。A.supported支持；B.touched触动；C.confused使困惑；D.required需要。根据上文“Ifeltawarmglowspreadinsideofme.(我感到一股温暖的光芒在我的内心蔓延)”可知，作者被卡片感动了，所以回家也订购了卡片准备分享。故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我深受感动，回到家，我自己订购了一盒“你很重要”的卡片，也开始和别人分享。A.sharing分享；B.discovering发现；C.exchanging交换；D.making制作。根据上文“orderedmyownboxofYouMattercards”可知，作者订购卡片的目的是为了分享。故选A。Ⅳ.阅读理解(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIfyouarelookingforauniquegiftforagraduate,Irecommendthesechildren’spicturebooksfortheirwitandwisdom.IWishYouMoreIWishYouMore,byAmyKrouseRosenthalandTomLichtenheld,isabookfullofgoodwishes,expressedinawaythatgraduateswillappreciate.Whileacknowledging(承认)lifeisn’tperfect,thewishesarealwaysforthebest.Wishesinclude,“Iwishyoumoregivethantake”and“Iwishyoumoreumbrellasthanrain”.Thebook’screatorseffectivelycombinehumor,wisdomandaffectioninit.IfYouHoldaSeedTheauthorandillustratorEllyMacKay’sillustrationstellthisquietstoryaboutalittleboywhoplantsaseedandpatientlycultivatesandcaresforitovertheseasonsuntilitreachesmaturity.Thisstoryalsoservesasametaphor(隐喻)forworkingtowardsadreamorgoalwithcareandpatienceandreachingitovertime,whichmakesIfYouHoldaSeedagoodgraduationgift.OnlyOneYouInthispicturebookwrittenandillustratedbyLindaKranz,amotherandafatherdecideitistimetosharetheirwisdomwiththeirson,Adri.WhileAdri’sparents’wordsareindeedwise,itisthemixedmediaartworkillustratingtheirmeaningsthatmakesthisbooksospecial.Forexample,“Ifsomethinggetsinyourway,movearoundit”isillustratedwithalineofrockfishthatdetouraroundafishinglinewithawormonit.36.HowdoesthewriterintroduceIWishYouMore?A.Byshowingsomeexamples.B.Bytellinganinterestingstory.C.Bymakingacomparison.D.Byexplainingthemeaningsofthewishes.37.WhatwouldthewriterliketotellusbyIfYouHoldaSeed?A.Plantshavesomethingtodowithseeds.B.Itisnoteasyforaplanttoreachmaturity.C.Thebookcanberegardedasagoodgiftforkids.D.Careandpatienceareimportantinrealizingagoal.38.OnlyOneYouisillustratedwithpicturesinorderto______.A.takeitmoreexpensiveB.showthewriter’sartisticstandardC.helpreaderstounderstanditbetterD.encouragereaderstoovercomedifficulties【答案】36.A37.D38.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章推荐了几本儿童图画书。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据IWishYouMore中“Wishesinclude,‘Iwishyoumoregivethantake’and‘Iwishyoumoreumbrellasthanrain’.(愿望包括，‘我希望你付出比索取多’和‘我希望你雨伞比雨多’。)”可知，作者是通过展示一些例子来介绍《IWishYouMore》的。故选A项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据IfYouHoldaSeed中“Thisstoryalsoservesasametaphor(隐喻)forworkingtowardsadreamorgoalwithcareandpatienceandreachingitovertime,whichmakesIfYouHoldaSeedagoodgraduationgift.(这个故事也隐喻了以爱心、耐心朝着一个梦想或目标努力，并随着时间的推移而实现它，这使得《IifYouHoldaSee》成为一个很好的毕业礼物。)”可知，作者想通过《IfYouHoldaSeed》告诉我们在实现目标的过程中，爱心和耐心是很重要的。故选D项。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据OnlyOneYou中“WhileAdri’sparents’wordsareindeedwise,itisthemixedmediaartworkillustratingtheirmeaningsthatmakesthisbooksospecial.(虽然Adri父母的话确实很有智慧，但正是这些混合媒体的艺术作品说明了他们的意思，使这本书如此特别。)”可知，《OnlyOneYou》中带有插图的说明是为了帮助读者更好地理解。故选C项。BIwaslivinginDeltain2015.Therewasaman,Boniface,whoownedastorewhichI’doftenvisited.Graduallywebecamefriends.Oneday,wetalkedaboutthebusinessopportunitiesinourcountryatthattime,andduringthecommunication,Ifoundthemostpracticalonewasstartingabarrow(手推车)rentalbusiness.Thenwehadsomein-depthexchangesofviewsonit,andbothofusthoughttherewasastrongpossibilityofsucceeding.Sowewentintothebusiness.Westartedasasmallbusinesswith6barrows.Thebarrow-mengaveus51centsperdayforrentingthebarrows.Itseemedsmallbutlatergrewandmadeourlifebetter.Butwedidn’tstopthere.Thatwasbecausewhenwefirststartedourbusinessouraimwasn’tonlytomakemoney.Themostvaluablethingforusistotouchothers’livespositively.InNigeria,beingabarrowpusherisnotaveryattractivejob.Butforpeoplewhowerepoorfarmersoryoungpeoplewithoutjobs,wheelbarrowpushinghelpsthemmakealiving.Itdoesn’trequiremuchskill.Withhardworkandvigor,apersoncanmakemoneydaily.Wesawthemeaningofthisbusinessandthendecidedtospendmoneyandresourcesonre-brandingbarrows.Wegaveeachbarrow-manabrandedT-shirttoshowtheybelongedtoagoodbrand.Wealsoheldsmallclassesforthemtoeducatethemonhowtomaketheirbarrowsbettertransportersandhowtobeextrapolitetopeoplesoastobuildupagoodreputation.Wemarketedthemaspoliteandexcellentpusherstoattractmorecustomers.Thesemethodsworked.Theystartedgettingmorejobsandearnedmore.Andanumberofthemevensavedupenoughtostartbusinessesoftheirown.Today,thatlittlebusinessmadeusmillionaireswhilehiringover20peopleandtouchingtheirlivespositively.Over20familiesarefedbecausetwoNigeriansdecided,despiteallthedifficulties,todosomething.39.Whatmadetheauthorstartthebarrowrentalbusiness?A.Losinghisjob. B.Beingshortofmoney.C.Hisfamily’ssuggestion. D.Hisdiscussionwithafriend.40.Whatdidtheauthorconsidermostimportantinrunningthebusiness?A.Hiringmoreworkers.B.Improvingpeople’slives.C.Cuttingthecompany’scosts.D.Makingcustomersloyaltotheircompany.41.Whatdidtheauthorandhisfrienddotorebrandthebusiness?A.Theysentthebarrow-mentoschool.B.Theylentmoneytothebarrow-men.C.Theytaughtthebarrow-mentomakeclothesD.Theyturnedthebarrow-menintoprofessionalpushers.【答案】39.D40.B41.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者创办了一家手推车租赁业务，通过培训和教育帮助低收入者重塑形象，极大地改善了他们的生活。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Oneday,wetalkedaboutthebusinessopportunitiesinourcountryatthattime,andduringthecommunication,Ifoundthemostpracticalonewasstartingabarrowrentalbusiness.”(有一天我们讨论了那个时候在我们乡村做生意的机会，在我们的谈话中我发现最现实的是创办一家手推车租赁生意。)可知，作者和朋友的讨论促使作者创办了手推车租赁生意，故选D项。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Themostvaluablethingforusistotouchothers’livespositively.”(对我们来说，最宝贵的是以积极的方式触动别人的生活。)可知，作者认为做生意更重要的是改善别人的生活，故选B项。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Wegaveeachbarrow-manabrandedT-shirttoshowtheybelongedtoagoodbrand.Wealsoheldsmallclassesforthemtoeducatethemonhowtomaketheirbarrowsbettertransportersandhowtobeextrapolitetopeoplesoastobuildupagoodfame.Wemarketedthemaspoliteandexcellentpusherstoattractmorecustomers.Thesemethodsworked.Theystartedgettingmorejobsandearnedmore.Andanumberofthemevensavedupenoughtostartbusinessesoftheirown.”(我们给每个车夫一件印有品牌的t恤，以表明他们属于一个好品牌。我们还为他们举办小班，教育他们如何使自己的手推车成为更好的运输工具，如何对人有礼貌，从而建立良好的声誉。我们把他们推销成有礼貌、优秀的推销员，以吸引更多的顾客。这些方法奏效了。他们开始得到更多的工作，挣得更多。他们中的一些人甚至存了足够的钱创办自己的企业。)可知，作者和朋友通过培训和教育重塑了车夫们的形象以后，使许多人成为了专业人士。故选D项。CWeknowthatourpetdogsandcatscanrecognizeourfaces,butourpetfish?AteamofscientistsfromtheUKandAustraliahavediscoveredthatarcherfish(喷水鱼)candistinguishhumanfaces!Thismarksthefirsttimethataspeciesoffishhasshownsuchanability.Suchabilitieshavebeenpreviouslyshowninbirds,butunlikefish,theyhavebeenproventopossessstructuressimilartotheneocortex(大脑新皮层),theresearchersadded.“Beingabletodistinguishbetweenalargenumberofhumanfacesisasurprisinglydifficulttask,”Dr.Newportsaid,“mainlyduetothefactthatallhumanfacessharethesamebasicfeatures.”Duringtheirexperiments,Dr.Newportandhercolleaguespresentedarcherfishwithtwoimagesofhumanfaces,andtrainedthemtochooseonebyspittingjets(喷射流)ofwateratthatpicture.Next,thefishwerepresentedwiththefamiliarfaceandseveralthatwereunfamiliar,andwereabletocorrectlypicktheonethattheyhadbeentrainedtorecognize,evenwhenfeaturessuchasheadshapeandcolorwereremovedfromtheselectedpictures.Inthefirstexperiment,thearcherfishweretaskedwithpickingthepreviouslylearnedfacefromagroupof44newones,whichtheydidwith81percentaccuracy.Inthesecond,theresearchersdecidedtomakethingsalittleharder.Theytookthepicturesandmadethemblackandwhiteandevenedout(使平均)theheadshapes.Youwouldthinkthatwouldthrowthefishforaloop.Butno,theywereabletopickthefamiliarfaceeventhen-andwithmoreaccuracy:86%!“Fishhaveasimplerbrainthanhumansandentirelylackthesectionofthebrainthathumansuseforrecognizingfaces.Despitethis,fishmaystillbecapableoffindingthefacetheyaretrainedtorecognize,”Dr.Newportsaid,“Thefactthatarcherfishcanlearnthistasksuggeststhatcomplicatedbrainsarenotnecessarilyneededtorecognizehumanfaces.”42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2referto?A.Species. B.Birds. C.Fish. D.Abilities.43.Theresearchshowsthat______.A.archerfishareclevererthanotherfishesB.allfishescanbetrainedtorecognizehumanfacesC.complexbrainsarenotnecessaryforfacialrecognitionD.itisverydifficultforanimalstorecognizehumanfaces44.Wecaninferfromthetextthat______.A.archerfishhaveagoodmemoryB.theneocortexislinkedwithvisualabilityC.archerfishcanonlyrecognizehumanfacesD.People’ssimilarphysicalappearancelimitsarcherfish’sfacialrecognition45.Thetextislikelytoappearin______.A.abiologytextbook B.amedicalreportC.asciencefiction D.asciencemagazine【答案】42.B43.C44.B45.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，科学家们发现喷水鱼能够区分人类面孔。【42题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“Suchabilitieshavebeenpreviouslyshowninbirds.butunlikefish(这种能力以前在鸟类身上也有表现。但是，和鱼类不同的是……)”可推测，they指的应该是上文提到的鸟类。故选B。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Newport博士的话“Thefactthatarcherfishcanlearnthistasksuggeststhatcomplicatedbrainsarenotnecessarilyneededtorecognizehumanfaces.(喷水鱼能够学会这项任务的事实表明，识别人脸并不一定需要复杂的大脑。)”可知，复杂的大脑不是面部识别所必需的。故选C。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Thismarksthefirsttimethataspeciesoffishhasshownsuchanability.Suchabilitieshavebeenpreviouslyshowninbirds.butunlikefish,theyhavebeenproventopossessstructuressimilartotheneocortex(大脑新皮层),theresearchersadded.(这标志着一种鱼类首次表现出这种能力。这种能力以前在鸟类身上也有表现。但研究人员补充说，与鱼类不同的是，它们已被证明具有类似于新皮层的结构。)”可推测，鸟类能够认出人脸是因为它们已被证明具有类似于新皮层的结构，因此可推断，大脑新皮层与视觉能力有关。故选B。45题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Weknowthatourpetdogsandcatscanrecognizeourfaces,butourpetfish?AteamofscientistsfromtheUKandAustraliahavediscoveredthatarcherfish(喷水鱼)candistinguishhumanfaces!(我们知道我们的宠物狗和猫能认出我们的脸，但我们的宠物鱼呢？来自英国和澳大利亚的一组科学家发现，喷水鱼可以分辨人脸！)”以及全文内容可知，文章是一篇研究发现。由此可推测，这篇文章应该来自科学杂志。故选D。Ⅴ.阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)阅读短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。Whenparentstalkaboutschoolsafetythesedays,they’reusuallyreferringtotheincreaseinviolenceatschools.Butresearchshowsthatschool-agechildrenareactuallyninetimesmorelikelytosufferaninjurywhiledoingsportsthantobethevictimofviolencewhileatschool.Accidentscanbepreventedifparentsareonthelookoutforpotentialdangers.Tohelpyoukeepyourkidsfreefromharm,herearesomesafetytips:*Teachyourchildnevertotalktostrangersoracceptridesorgiftsfromstrangers.Remember,astrangerisanyoneyouoryourchilddoesn’tknowwellortrust.*Besurethatyourchildwalkstoandfromschoolwithasibling,friendorneighbor.*Teachyourkid,whetherwalking,bikingorridingabustoschool,toobeyalltrafficsignals,signsandtrafficofficers.Remindhimtobeextracarefulinbadweather.*Whendrivingyourkid,deliverandpickthemupasclosetotheschoolaspossible.Don’tleaveuntiltheyareintheschoolyardorbuilding.*Ifyourchildridesabiketoschool,makesurehewearsastandardhelmet.Researchshowsthatahelmetcanreducetheriskofheadinjuryby85%.*Teachyourkidtoarriveatthebusstopearlier,stayoffthestreet,andwaitforthebustocometoacompletestop.*Besurethatyourkidknowshisorherhomephonenumberandaddress,yourworknumber,thenumberofanothertrustedadultandhowtocallforemergencies.46.Whodoyouthinkthepassageiswrittento?(nomorethan2words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________47.Pleaseexplaintheword“potential”inEnglish.(nomorethan3words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________48.Whatisthefunctionofahelmetwhenridingabike?(nomorethan8words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________49.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?(nomorethan10words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________50.Whichtipdoyouthinkisthemostimportantforyou?Andwhy?(nomorethan20words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】46.Parents.47.existinginpossibility.48.Toreducetheriskofheadinjury.49.Tohelptheparents’keeptheirkidsfreefromharm.50.Thefirstone.Becausethekidsneedtobealerttostrangers.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些安全建议，以帮助家长确保孩子在学校安全。【46题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Tohelpyoukeepyourkidsfreefromharm,herearesomesafetytips(为了帮助你的孩子免受伤害，这里有一些安全提示)”可推测，这篇文章是写给父母的，以帮助父母确保孩子的安全。故答案为Parents.【47题详解】考查词句猜测。根据划线单词上一句“Accidentscanbeprevented(事故是可以预防的)”可推测，划线单词指的是“潜在的”问题。故答案为existinginpossibility.【48题详解】考查细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Ifyourchildridesabiketoschool,makesurehewearsastandardhelmet.Researchshowsthatahelmetcanreducetheriskofheadinjury