中考英语人教版一轮复习专题突破+学案+话题15　生态与环保

话题15生态与环保话题分析：该话题通常会涉及保护环境、保护动植物、低碳生活、节约资源、创建文明城市、文明出游、为环保提建议等主题。写作内容通常为对环境问题的看法并提出解决措施及建议。话题链接：教材分册单元话题标题人教版九年级全一册Unit13ProtectingtheenvironmentWe’retryingtosavetheearth！外研版八上Module9PopulationPopulation九上Module12EnvironmentalprotectionSaveourworldA.ButwhatcanIdo？B.Don’tuseplasticbags.C.Third，trytorecyclepaper.D.Wehavealotofpaperathome.E.It’salsoagoodwaytokeephealthy.F.Youshouldcleanyourroomeveryday.Jennifer:Hi，Mary.Wouldyouliketohelpsavetheenvironment?Mary:Yes.1.Jennifer:Well.Youcanstartbyturningoffthelights.Mary:You’reright.SometimesIturnonthelightswithoutthinking.What’snext?Jennifer:Second，youcanrideabicycle.2.Mary:Thatwillsavemoney，too.Whatelse?Jennifer:3.Mary:Goodidea.Newspapers，magazines，mails...4.Jennifer:Thefourthideaistotakeabagwhenyougoshopping.5.Mary:OK.Myparentsdomostoftheshopping.I’lltellthem.Thankyouforyouradvice.答案1.A2.E3.C4.D5.BPart1话题基础梳理1.environmentn.环境2.improvev.改善3.naturen.自然4.naturaladj.自然的5.pollutionn.污染物6.pollutev.污染7.plasticn.塑料8.protectv.保护9.problemn.问题10.rubbishn.垃圾11.savev.节约12.harmfuladj.有害的13.seriousadj.严重的14.recyclev.循环利用15.reusev.重复使用16.wildadj.野生的17.spitv.吐痰18.endangeredadj.濒危的1．turnoffthelight关灯2．plantmoretrees多种树3．reusepaper循环利用纸张4．drivethecarless少开车5．maketheairfresh使空气清新6．usereusablebags使用环保袋7．sorttherubbish垃圾分类8．takepublictransportation乘坐公共交通9．usebothsidesofthepaper双面用纸1．allyearround终年2．callon号召3．doharmto对……有害4．protecttheenvironment保护环境5．cutdown砍倒6．takeaction采取行动7．liveagreenlife过绿色生活8．begoodfor对……有好处9．takesomemeasurestodo采取一些措施做……10．makeacontributiontodoing为……做出贡献11．createagoodfuture创造一个美好的未来12．insteadof代替13．makeadifference有影响14．o...将……扔进……15．developthehabitof...养成……的习惯16．lastbutnotleast最后但同样重要的17．begin/startwith从……开始18．playapart/roleindoingsth.参与做某事小题夯基请根据句意及首字母提示完成所缺单词1．Hewaswearingdarkglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthesun.2．Theriverwasdirty.Eventhebottomoftheriverwasfullofrubbish.3．StayingclosetoTVisharmfultoyoureyes.4．Wildanimalscan’tfindenoughfoodandtheyarelosingtheirhomes.5．Allthesmallthingscanaddupandbecomebigthings.Theycouldimprovetheenvironment.6．—Moreanimalsmaybecomeendangeredbecauseoftheseriouspollution.—Soweshoulddosomethingnow.微语篇特训A．请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯，注意每空一词。每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。eq\x(tectactiongivesocietyenvironment)Inordertomaketheenvironmentmorebeautiful，weshouldtake1.actiontoprotectit.First，weshouldplantmoretreesaswellasflowerstomakeourcitymorebeautiful.Second，alwaysremembernottothrowaway2.rubbishorpouroutwastewatereverywhere.Asweallknow，waterisbecominglessandless.Soit’snecessaryto3.savewater.Lastbutnotleast，weshould4.protectendangeredanimalsandstoppeoplecatchingthem.Inmyopinion，ifeveryonetrieshisbesttoprotectthe5.environment，ourcitywillbecomenicerandcleaner.B．请根据汉语意思用适当的短语填空Inrecentyears，thetemperaturehasbeenrising1.allyearround(全年)．Moreandmoretreeshavebeen2.cutdown(砍倒)．Scientistshavefoundoutthatoneofthereasonsisrelatedtocarbonemissions(碳排放)．It’snecessaryforpeopletostart3.livingagreenlife(过绿色生活)．Infact，evenasmallactioncan4.makeadifference(产生影响)．Forexample,5.turnoff(关掉)allthelightsbeforeleavingtheroom.1．我们是时候采取行动去保护环境，使它免受污染了。(It’stimeforsb.todo...)It’stimeforustotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironmentfrompollution.2．为了与自然和谐共处，我们必须遵循自然法则。(getalongwellwith)Inordertogetalongwellwithnature，wemustfollowthelawsofnature.3．我认为拯救地球始于小事。(beginwith)Ithinksavingtheearthbeginswithsmallthings.4．总体来说，如果每个人都多关注一下我们的环境，那么污染会更少，我们的生活会变得更好。(paymoreattentionto)Inaword，ifeveryonepaysmoreattentiontoourenvironment，therewillbelesspollutionandourliveswillbebetter.5．如今环境污染越来越严重。(moreandmoreserious)Theenvironmentalpollutionismoreandmoreserioustoday.6．为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘公共汽车或地铁而不是开车。(cutdown)Tocutdownairpollution，weshouldtakethebusorsubwayinsteadofdriving.7.微小的行动也会产生巨大的影响。(makeabigdifference)Asmallactioncanevenmakeabigdifference.8．作为青少年，我们也可以采取措施保护我们的环境。(takestepstodo)Asteenagers，wecanalsotakestepstoprotectourenvironment.9．大自然如此重要以至于我们必须合理保护它。(so...that...)Natureissoimportantthatwemustprotectitproperly.10．因此，我们的共同行动可以产生影响，并带来更美好的未来。(leadto)Sotogether，ouractionscanmakeadifferenceandleadtoabetterfuture.一、完形填空(2023·广东一模)Thoughplasticbagsmakeourlifeconvenient，theuseofthemiscontroversial(有争议的)．Maybeyou’veheardofthenewsthatthelawhasbeen1carriedoutinEnglandtostoptheuseofplasticthings.InChina，canyouget2plasticbagsfromsupermarketsnow?I’mafraidyoucan’t.Thingshavechanged.NowadayspeoplehavetopayforplasticbagssincesupermarketsandshopsinChinacan’t3plasticbagstopeopleanymore.That’sbecausetheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtostoptheuseoffreeplasticbagsandourcountrytriedtomake4less.TheChineseonceusedabout300millionplasticshoppingbagsaday.Mostofthemcanbeusedonlyonceandsomepeoplethrowthemawayhereandthereaftertheyhaveusedthem.Theplasticbagsarehardto5.Sotheyhavecausedpollutionfortheenvironment.Theyhavepollutedthewater，earth，andtheywastetheoil.Someanimalsintheseaoronthelandevendiedaftereatingtheplasticbags.Iftheyareburnt，theymayproducesomegasthatis6，andthiscancausebiggertroubles.Itpollutestheair.What’smore，itmaycause7forus.SotheChinesepeopleare8tobringtheirownbagsorbasketswhentheygotobuysomething.Somestudentscomeupwithagoodidea.Theymaketheshoppingbagsbythemselves.Theyuseoldclothestomakeclothbags，andsendthemtotheirparentsas9.Theyalsoasktheirparentsandfriendstouseclothbagsinstead.Theythinkitistheir10toprotecttheenvironment.Startingwithsmallthingsalsomatters.1．A.strictlyB．clearlyC．bravelyD．gently答案A2．A.freeB．usefulC．largeD．public答案A3．A.provideB．offerC．sendD．sell答案B4．A.bagsB．moneyC．collectionsD．rubbish答案D5．A.breakupB．breakthroughC．breakoutD．breakdown答案D6．A.smellyB．harmfulC．lifelessD．colorful答案B7．A.excuseB．diseaseC．failureD．death答案B8．A.allowedB．calledC．encouragedD．invited答案C9．A.presentsB．goodsC．surpriseD．works答案A10．A.dreamB．pleasureC．dutiesD．chance答案C二、短文填空(2023·湛江二模改编)请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。eq\x(closehoweverantakehostmoneyifincleantheyatopen)Environmentalprotectionisespeciallyimportantnowadays，anditisaneedforeveryone.EdgarMcGregor,1.anAmericanman，caresabouttheenvironmentinhisownway.Afterlearningthatthe34thSummerOlympicGameswillbe2.hostedinLosAngelesin2028，EdgardecidedtocleanupEatonCanyon，anaturalparkinsouthernCalifornia.“ItwillbeashameoftheUnitedStates3.ifthereissomuchlitter，”hesaid.ThereasonwhyEdgarchosethisparkisthatitis4.closetohishome.Heonlyneedstowalkthere.Atfirst，hethoughtitwould5.takehimonlyseveralsunnydaystopickuplitterthere.6.However，itturnedouttobenearlytwoyears！Throughsun，snow，andhighwinds，hepickeduplitterintheparkfor7.atleastonehoureveryday.Hecheckseverycorneroftheparklikecheckinghisownhouse.Edgarregularlypostedtheprogressthathemadein8.cleaninguptheparkonline.Hehasmorethan17,000followersandmanyofthemstartedtocleanupparksnear9.theirhomesaswell.ThankstoEdgar’swork，EatonCanyonisnowfreeofwaste.Edgarsayshisjobisfarfromover.Heisturninghisattentiontonewparks.What’smore，hesoldalltherecyclableshefoundanddonated(捐赠)the10.moneyabout$30everytwotothreeweekstocharity.Whatagreatman!Part2话题能力提升A(2023·中山一模)Dirtywatercanbedangeroustodrinkandcanmakepeopleill.Itcandamage(破坏)theenvironmentandanimals.Herearesomecausesofthedirtywater.Sewage(污水)isabigpartofdirtywater.Inmanyplaces，untreatedsewagegoesstraightintorivers，lakesorseas.Toomuchsewagekillsfishandotherwaterlife.Itcanmakethewaterunsafetodrink，washorswim.Oilisanimportantsourceofenergy，butitcanalsocausepollution.Ifatruckorshipleaks(泄露)whiletransportingoil，plantsandanimalscandie.Forexample，birdsgetcoveredinoilandtheyareunabletofly，andtheirfeathersnolongerprotectthemfromthecold.Factoriesoftenrunwasteliquidintorivers.Thismaycontaindangerouschemicals，whichcoulddoharmtoplants，animalsandhumans.Somefactorieswouldfilterthewastebeforeitgoesintorivers.Thishelpstokeeptheenvironmentcleaner.Smokeandgasesfromfactoriesandcarsmixedwithwatervapour(蒸气)intheaircancausepollution.Whenthewatervapourfallstothegroundasrain，thechemicalsinsmokeandgasesaremixedwiththerain.Thisiscalledacidrain(酸雨)．Itcankillplantsandanimals.Asweallknow，waterisanimportantpartofhumanlife.Andthewaterresourcesarelimitedonourearth.Sowecanneverattachtoomuchimportancetoprotectingwaterresources.Weshouldalsotakeactiontosavewaterandprotectthevaluablewaterresourcesinourdailylife.Atthesametime，wecanalsoencouragemorepeopletojoinus.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些导致水污染的原因及其危害并呼吁人们采取行动保护水资源。1．Whydoweneedtotreatthesewagebeforeitcomesintotheriver?A．Becauseitlooksdirty.B．Becauseitwouldcausedamagetowaterlife.C．Becauseitwouldkillsomeanimals，likefishandpigs.D．Becauseitwouldmakethedrinkingwatertasteterrible.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Inmanyplaces，untreatedsewagegoesstraightintorivers，lakesorseas.Toomuchsewagekillsfishandotherwaterlife.”可知，我们需要在污水流入河流之前对其进行处理是因为它会对水生生物造成损害，故选B。2．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Oilmakesplantsandanimalsdie. B．Oilisanimportantsourceofenergy.C．Oilcanbeleakedduringtransportation. D．Oilisanimportantcauseofpollution.答案D解析段落大意题。根据第三段首句“Oilisanimportantsourceofenergy，butitcanalsocausepollution.”及通读第三段可知，第三段的主要内容是石油是造成污染的重要原因，故选D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“filter”inparagraph4mean?A．Clean.B．Check.C．Throw.D．Keep.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句子“Somefactorieswouldfilterthewastebeforeitgoesintorivers.”可知，filter意思是“清洁”，故选A。4．Howdothesmokeandgasesinfluencetheenvironment?A．Theymayformacidrain. B．Theycontaindangerouschemicals.C．Theycandirectlykillplantsandanimals. D．Theywillinfluencethedrinkingwater.答案A解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二至四句可知，烟雾和气体可能会形成酸雨，影响环境，故选A。5．What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Totellpeopletheinfluenceofdirtywater.B．Tocallonpeopletoprotectthewaterresources.C．Tomakepeopleknowthereasonsofdirtywater.D．Totellpeoplewhytheyneedtoprotectthewaterresources.答案B解析写作意图题。根据第一段内容以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了造成污水的一些原因以及作者呼吁人们保护水资源。因此本文的主要目的是呼吁人们保护水资源，故选B。B配对阅读。左栏是五名同学遇到的垃圾处理问题，右栏是七条建议，请为每名同学选择一条合适的建议。1.Ihavesomeexpiredbatteries(过期的电池)，butIdon’tknowhowtodealwiththem.MaybeIshouldputthemintoadustbin.()2.Mybookcaseisfilledwithtoomanyoldnewspapers.WhichdustbinshouldIthrowtheminto？()3.Ihavejustfinishedwashingdishesandtherearesomeleftoverstothrow.()4.AfterIhaveeatentake-awayfood，Ihavesomedirtyplasticboxesanddirtytissues.IwonderwhichdustbinIshouldputtheminto.()5.Iwenttoseeadoctorinthehospitaljustnow.IworeamasksothatIcouldpreventthespreadofgerms.ButnowwherecanIthrowmymask？()A.RecyclableWasteDustbin.Itisusedforcollectingallkindsofenvironmental-friendlyandrecyclablematerialsincludingpaper，metal，andsoon.B.ResidualWasteDustbin.Itcollectschina，pottery，usedandpollutedthingslikedirtytissues，dirtydiapers(纸尿裤)，one-offmealboxesandsoon.C.HouseholdFoodWasteDustbin.Itisusedtocollectkitchenwastelikeskinsoffruits，eggshells，leavesofplants，etc.D.HazardousWasteDustbin.Itcontainswasteinvolvingriskordanger，especiallydangeroustopeople’shealthorsafetybutnotincludingmedicalwaste.E.MedicalChemicalWasteDustbin.Usedchemicalreagents(试剂)，usedchemicaldisinfectant(消毒剂)andsoonarecollectedhere.F.MedicalInfectionWasteDustbin.Itcollectsanythingusedforpreventingvirusinfectionlikemaskswornbypeopleandone-offplasticmedicaldevicesinhospitals.G.MedicalContaminatedSharpWasteDustbin.Usedchemicalneedles，scissors，knivesandsoonareputinthisdustbin.语篇解读：该语篇旨在培养学生对环境保护的参与，引导学生关注环境保护并积极参与贡献自己的力量，增强他们的环境保护意识和实践能力。答案1.D2.A3.C4.B5.FA．回答问题Inthepastfiveyears，about2.8billionschooltextbooksweresoldeveryyear，withtotalspendingof20billionyuan，newsmagazineOutlookWeeklyreported.ZhaoDehua，abusinessmaninGuangdong，ownsalargefactorydealingwiththingsthatcanbereused.Hesaidmanycollegestudentssoldthetextbookstheyhadusedforfouryearsatapriceof1yuanperkilogram.Asthesetextbooksaremostlyusedtoproducereusedpaper，thecostisevenhigherthanthatofnewspaper.Atpresent，freetextbooksonmusic，artandscienceforthenine-yeareducationfromprimaryschooltomiddleschoolhavebeenreused.Butthereisn’tagoodplanforthesecond-handtextbooktrade，somostofthetextbooksendupaswaste.“Everyyear，second-handbooksellerscollecttextbooksatapriceofabout4,000yuanaton.Itismorethantwicethepriceofusualwastepaper.Butthenumberofpeoplewhocometocollectsecond-handbooksisstillsmall，”ZhaoDehuasaid.“Settingupthewayoftextbookreuseisgoodfortheenvironment.Besides，italsohelpstodevelopstudents’savinghabitsandsenseofenvironmentalprotection，”saidZhuPin，headofaschoolinJiangxiProvince.Uptonow，theschoolhassetupawayforreusingthetextbooksanditcansavealotofmoneyever