2024年上海高三英语高考一模卷试题分类汇编 词汇填空含详解

专题02词汇填空

(-)

(2024年杨浦区区一模)

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereis

onewordmorethanyouneed.

A.normallyB.boostC.sustainD.gainsE.assessingF.substantially

G.effortsH.mixedI.surprisingJ.anticipateK.assigned

YourSocial-MediaDetoxes(脱瘾治疗)ProbablyAren'tHelpingYou

We'veallheardthesupposedbenefitsofunpluggingfromdigitaldevices,evenfor24hours.Suchbreaksaresaidto

(31)self-confidence,reducesocialcompetitivenessandfearsofmissingout,andmakeroomformore-enriching,

in-personinteractions.Yetstudiesexploringthoseeffectshaveproduced(32)results.Soaglobalresearchteam

setouttosystematicallytesttheideathatsocialmediadetoxingdeliversmeaningfulpsychological(33).

Theresearchersrecruited600undergraduatestudentsinthreeplaces:theUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,and

HongKong.Allparticipantswererandomly(34)tokeepawayfromsocialmediaoneitherthefirstorthe

seconddayofatwo-dayexperiment.Ontheotherday,theyweretointeractwithdigitalplatformsasthey(35)

would.Eacheveningtheyansweredsurveyquestionsaimedat(36)variousaspectsofwell-being.Contrarytothe

researchers5expectations,theone-daydetoxmadenonoticeableimpactonpositiveornegativeemotions,self-confidence,

ordailysatisfaction.Whenitdidhaveaneffect,itdecreaseddailysatisfactionandsocialrelatedness,althoughthechanges

werenotsignificantoncetheanalysiswasadjustedtocontrolforgender.Justas(37),peopledidn'tusethetime

freedupfromlookingatscreensforotherformsofsocializing.Infact,theyreported(38)lowerlevelsof

face-to-face,phone,andemailinteractionsontheirdetoxingdays.

Evenshortsocial-mediabreakscanbehardto(39)一indeed,onlyhalftheparticipantsintheexperimentdid

whatwasrequiredandtheseresultssuggestthattheymaynotbeworththe(40)."Wedidnotfindanyevidence

thatsocialmediadetoxingforonedayhadsignificantpositiveimpactsonpsychologicalwell-being,theresearcherswrite.

（二）

（2024年黄浦区一模）

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.airflowsB.blockC.challengesD.coolE.criticallyF.disproportionately

G.principlesH.reducesI.sensitiveJ.site-specificK.stretches

Skywell

Askywell,or“tianjin”,asitiscommonlycalled,isatypicalfeatureofa

homeinsouthernandeasternChina.Skywellsweredesignedtoreduce

temperatureinbuildingswellbeforeair-conditioningexisted.Whenwind

aboveaskywellhouse,itcanentertheindoorspacethroughtheopening,

outdoorairisoftencoolerthanindoorair,theincomingwindtravelsdownthe

thelowerstoriesandcreates_31—byreplacingwarmerindoorair,whichrisesandleavesthroughtheopening.

Themainpurposeofaskywellistoallowinlight,improve力（通风）andharvestrainwater.InHuizhou,a

skywellissmallbuttall,andtheroomsaroundit_32—outsunlightonhotdays,enablingthebottomoftheskywellto

staycool.Meanwhile,hotairinsidethehousecanriseandescapethroughtheopeningabovetheskywell.

Architectsarenowlookingtowardsthe_33—behindskywellswhiledesigning

newbuildingstosaveenergy.OneexampleistheNationalHeavyVehicleEngineering

TechnologyResearchCentreintheeasternChinesecityofJinan.The18-storey

glass-walledtowerblockhasagiantinnerskywellinthemiddle,which_34—fromthe

fifthtothetopfloor.Theelevators,toiletsandmeetingroomsareallsituatedaroundthischannel,whichhelpsimprovethe

lightingandventilationand_35—theoverallenergyconsumption.

Ancient“greenwisdom^^suchasskywellscontinuetoinspiretoday'sclimateadaptivedesignandinnovationsin

methodsthatdependondesignandtechnologyto_36—abuildingwithouttheuseofpower.

However,therearesome_37—forbringingskywellsintomoderndesigns.Themechanismsofcourtyardsfacilitating

naturallighting,ventilationandraincollectionarewellknown,butapplyingthesemethodsneedstobe_38—.Because

traditionalskywellshaddifferentshapes,sizesandfeatures,whichwere_39—dependentontheirnaturalsurroundings,

addingskywellsintomodembuildingsrequiresdesignerstobe_40_totheirproject9scontextandsituation,makingit

difficulttoapplythemasauniversalsolution.

（三）

（2024年长宁区一模）

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereis

onewordmorethanyouneed.

A.attractionB.waitingC.mysteryD.uniqueE.simplyF.originally

G.stableH.popularityI.donatingJ.searchingK.interfere

There'sararely-visited,dustycomeroftheworldwheresomethingmagicalhappens.Theplace,whichlookslikeMars

withitsredrocklandscape,istheTatacoaDesert,inColombia.

TatacoaislocatedintheregionofHuila,southofthecountry'scapitalBogota.AlthoughTatacoa,withitsprotruding

cactiandredrippledrocks,iscalledadesert,itisinfactadrytropicalforest.Buttheexciting,andvery(31),

featureofthisdesert,iswhathappensaboveit,atnight.

Thankstoitsremotelocation—it'salmost30milesandanhour'sdriveoverbumpywindingroadstothenearesttown-

Tatacoahasnolightpollutionto(32)withthenightsky.

Upto88constellations(星座)arevisibleonaclearnight,aswellasbothhemispheres-somethingthathappens

nowhereelseintheworld.

Thewarmanddryclimatehelpswithstargazing;a(33)atmosphere,whichhappensindryspotsorplacesof

highelevation,decreasessomethingcalledscintillation,whichiswhenastar'slightrisesandfallsrapidly.Ifswhystars

twinkle,whichlooksbeautifulbutisn'tsogreatforastronomers.

NotonlyisTatacoaanaturalwonder,buttheDIYobservatorythafsrunbyaColombianmannamedJavierFernanda

RuaRestrepohasbecomeastar(34)too.Infact,thishumblebuildingattractsstargazersfromallovertheworld,

fromChinatoIcelandtoAustralia.AndRestrepohasalsobecomewell-knowninastronomercircles,withafewscientists

(35)theirowntelescopestosupportthegrassrootsobservatory.

TheColombian,whois(36)fromCali,fellinlovewiththestarsthankstohisfather^interestinastronomy

andscience,andfirstvisitedTatacoain1997,totrytoseetheCometHale-Bopp.Hestayedforacoupleofdaysbefore

headingbacktohishometown.Butwithinamonth,hereturnedtoTatacoa-andneverleft,campingoutforweeksonend

(37)forthenighttocomesothathecouldwatchthestars.

AtfirstRestrepohadworkedattheColombiangovernment'sobservatory,whichhehelpedstafffor15years.Butafter

budgetcutsmeanthelosthisjob,hefiguredhewould(38)buildhisown.

In2015,Restrepoopenedthedoorstohisobservatory-TatacoaAstronomia-withjustonetelescope.Now,asColombia

hasgrownin(39)asatouristdestination,hundredsflocktoRestrepo'sstarparty,whichheholdsonceayearin

July.

TatacoaAstronomiaisonlyopenonstarrynights,andRestreporemainsthesoleemployee.Butthatdoesn'tdistract

fromtheintimacyandthespecialnessoftheplace.ThestructuresitsonasmallpatchoflandthatRestrepoboughthimself,

andiscordoned(隔离)offbytarpaulin(油布)toaddanextrasenseof(40)andintrigue(阴谋)forvisitors.

“Thestars...theyputmylifeintoitstinyperspective,9,hesays,"andtheyconstantlyremindmetherearegreater

thingsoutthere.9,

（四）

（2024年徐汇区一模）

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisone

wordmorethanyouneed.

A.attractionB.waitingC.mysteryD.uniqueE.simplyF.originally

G.stableH.popularityI.donatingJ.searchingK.interfere

There'sararely-visited,dustycomeroftheworldwheresomethingmagicalhappens.Theplace,whichlookslikeMars

withitsredrocklandscape,istheTatacoaDesert,inColombia.

TatacoaislocatedintheregionofHuila,southofthecountry'scapitalBogota.AlthoughTatacoa,withitsprotruding

cactiandredrippledrocks,iscalledadesert,itisinfactadrytropicalforest.Buttheexciting,andvery___31___,featureof

thisdesert,iswhathappensaboveit,atnight.

Thankstoitsremotelocation-it5salmost30milesandanhour'sdriveoverbumpywindingroadstothenearesttown-

Tatacoahasnolightpollutionto___32___withthenightsky.

Upto88constellations（星座）arevisibleonaclearnight,aswellasbothhemispheres-somethingthathappens

nowhereelseintheworld.

Thewarmanddryclimatehelpswithstargazing;a___33___atmosphere,whichhappensindryspotsorplacesofhigh

elevation,decreasessomethingcalledscintillation,whichiswhenastar'slightrisesandfallsrapidly.Ifswhystarstwinkle,

whichlooksbeautifulbutisn'tsogreatforastronomers.

NotonlyisTatacoaanaturalwonder,buttheDIYobservatorythafsrunbyaColombianmannamedJavierFernanda

RuaRestrepohasbecomeastar___34___too.Infact,thishumblebuildingattractsstargazersfromallovertheworld,from

ChinatoIcelandtoAustralia.AndRestrepohasalsobecomewell-knowninastronomercircles,withafewscientists

___35___theirowntelescopestosupportthegrassrootsobservatory.

TheColombian,whois___36___fromCali,fellinlovewiththestarsthankstohisfather^interestinastronomyand

science,andfirstvisitedTatacoain1997,totrytoseetheCometHale-Bopp.Hestayedforacoupleofdaysbeforeheading

backtohishometown.Butwithinamonth,hereturnedtoTatacoa-andneverleft,campingoutforweeksonend___37___for

thenighttocomesothathecouldwatchthestars.

AtfirstRestrepohadworkedattheColombiangovemmenfsobservatory,whichhehelpedstafffor15years.Butafter

budgetcutsmeanthelosthisjob,hefiguredhewould___38___buildhisown.

In2015,Restrepoopenedthedoorstohisobservatory-TatacoaAstronomia-withjustonetelescope.Now,asColombia

hasgrownin___39___asatouristdestination,hundredsflocktoRestrepo,sstarparty,whichheholdsonceayearinJuly.

TatacoaAstronomiaisonlyopenonstarrynights,andRestreporemainsthesoleemployee.Butthatdoesn'tdistractfrom

theintimacyandthespecialnessoftheplace.ThestructuresitsonasmallpatchoflandthatRestrepoboughthimself,andis

cordoned（隔离）offbytarpaulin（油布）toaddanextrasenseof40andintrigue（阴谋）forvisitors.

“Thestars...theyputmylifeintoitstinyperspective,,,hesays,“andtheyconstantlyremindmetherearegreaterthings

outthere.^^

（五）

（2024年闵行区一模）

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthere

isonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.mineB.criteriaC.catalogedD.candidateE.delay

F.anticipatingG.comprisedH.perceivingI.initiativeJ.compoundsK.unfavorable

WhatLiesBeneath

“Earth“hasalwaysbeenanoddchoiceofnameforthethirdplanetfromtheSun.Afterall,analien（夕卜星人）examining

itthroughatelescopewouldnotethattwo-thirdsofitssurfaceis___11___notoflandbutofoceansofwater.Marine

biologiststhinktheoceansmighthostmorethan2,000,000speciesofmarineanimals,ofwhichtheyhavesofar___12___

perhapsatenth.

Anew___13___hopestochangethis.SmoothlylaunchedinLondononApril27th,OceanCensus（海洋普查）aimsto

discover100,000newspeciesofmarineanimaloverthecomingdecade.

Theattemptishappeningnowfortworeasons.Oneisthatthelongerscientists___14___,thefewertherewillbeto

document.Climatechangeisheatingtheoceans,aswellasmakingthemmoreacidicascarbondioxideisabsorbedintothe

water.

Thesecondoneistechnological.Marinebiologistsdiscoverabout2,000newspeciesayear,aratehardlychangedsince

Darwin'sday.OceanCensusis___15___itcangofaster."Cybertaxonomy（网络分类学）“，forinstance,involvesfeeding

animalDNAinformationintocomputers,whichcanquicklydecidewhetheritmeetsthe___16___foranewspecies.

Exactlywhattheneweffortmightturnup,ofcourse,isimpossibletoforecast.Buthistorysuggestsitwillbefruitful.

Halfacenturyagoscientistsdetectedhotopeningsontheseabedthatwerehometoorganismslivinghappilyinconditions

that,untilthen,hadbeenthought___17___tolife.Thesedays,suchopeningsareonecredible___18___fortheoriginofall

lifeonEarth.

Morepracticalbenefitscan'tbeignored.Manydrugs,forexample,comeoriginallyfrombiological___19___.Anocean

fullofunrecordedlifewillalmostcertainlyprovearichseam（矿层）fromwhichto___20___more.

Tohelpmakeuseofitsdata,OceanCensusplanstomakeitattainabletoscientistsandthepublicwithoutcharge,who

willbeabletosearchitforanythingvaluableorunexpected.

（六）

（2024年虹口区一模）

Directions:Fillineatblankwithaproperwordchosenformthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisone

wordmorethanyouneed.

A.arrivesB.observableC.boundless.D.contained.E.distancing.F.expansion

G.liesH.parallelI.perceivingJ.threadsK.volume

WhatComesAfterSpace?

Lookingataclearnightskyyouwitnessthevastnessofspace,whichholdseverythinghumansknowtoexist.Tofindout

what___11___beyondagoodplacetostartistodeterminewheretheuniverseends.However,theproblemisthatscientistare

uncertainaboutwherespaceendsorwhetheritendsatall.

The___12___universe

Thefurthesthumanscanseeoutintospace,usingallthetechnologycurrentlyavailabletous,is46billionlightyears

(alightyearisthedistancethatlightcantravelinoneyear,andisequivalenttoabout9.5millionmillionkilometres).The

___13___ofspacethathumanscanseeiscalledthevisibleuniverse.Beyondthis,itremainsamysterywhetherifsan

expanseofmoregalaxiesandstarsorpossiblytheedgeoftheuniverse.Somethinkthattheuniverseis___14___,meaning

spacegoesonforeverineverydirection.Inthiscase,thereisnothingafterspace,becausespaceiseverything.

Movingfurtheraway

ExpertshavecapturedimagesoftheentireEarthfromspace,andsomeastronautshavepersonallywitnesseditsbeauty

fromorbit.Perhaps___15___thelimitsoftheuniversewouldalsobepossibletoo,ifonlyhumansknewwheretogotolook

forit.

Anotherchallengeistheuniverse'srapid___16___.Asgalaxiesmovefurtherawaytheirlighttakeslongertoreachus.

Eventually,somegalaxiesmaybesodistantthattheirlightnever___17___.Thismightimplythatanyedge-andwhatever

isontheotherside-isincreasingly___18___itselffromus.Regardlessoftheseuncertainties,scientistsstillspendalotof

timethinkingaboutwhatcomesafterspace.

Manyuniverses?

It'spossiblethatthereisn,tjustoneuniverse,andthatouruniverseisjustonesmallpartofa“multiverse”.Perhapsour

universeis___19___withinitsowndistinctregionofspace,separatedfromothersbyvastexpansesofnothingness.Or

maybe20universesexistpressedtightlyagainsteachother.Gettinganideaoftheuniverse'strueshapemayhelp

astronomersfindoutwhetherithasanedge.Whatcomesafterthatcouldbeanevengreatmystery.

专题02词汇填空

(-)

(2024年杨浦区区一模)

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereis

onewordmorethanyouneed.

B.normallyB.boostC.sustainD.gainsE.assessingF.substantially

G.effortsH.mixedI.surprisingJ.anticipateK.assigned

YourSocial-MediaDetoxes(脱瘾治疗)ProbablyAren'tHelpingYou

We'veallheardthesupposedbenefitsofunpluggingfromdigitaldevices,evenfbr24hours.Suchbreaksaresaidto

(31)self-confidence,reducesocialcompetitivenessandfearsofmissingout,andmakeroomformore-enriching,

in-personinteractions.Yetstudiesexploringthoseeffectshaveproduced(32)results.Soaglobalresearchteam

setouttosystematicallytesttheideathatsocialmediadetoxingdeliversmeaningfulpsychological(33).

Theresearchersrecruited600undergraduatestudentsinthreeplaces:theUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,and

HongKong.Allparticipantswererandomly(34)tokeepawayfromsocialmediaoneitherthefirstorthe

seconddayofatwo-dayexperiment.Ontheotherday,theyweretointeractwithdigitalplatformsasthey(35)

would.Eacheveningtheyansweredsurveyquestionsaimedat(36)variousaspectsofwell-being.Contrarytothe

researchers5expectations,theone-daydetoxmadenonoticeableimpactonpositiveornegativeemotions,self-confidence,

ordailysatisfaction.Whenitdidhaveaneffect,itdecreaseddailysatisfactionandsocialrelatedness,althoughthechanges

werenotsignificantoncetheanalysiswasadjustedtocontrolforgender.Justas(37),peopledidn'tusethetime

freedupfromlookingatscreensforotherformsofsocializing.Infact,theyreported(38)lowerlevelsof

face-to-face,phone,andemailinteractionsontheirdetoxingdays.

Evenshortsocial-mediabreakscanbehardto(39)一indeed,onlyhalftheparticipantsintheexperimentdid

whatwasrequiredandtheseresultssuggestthattheymaynotbeworththe(40)."Wedidnotfindanyevidence

thatsocialmediadetoxingforonedayhadsignificantpositiveimpactsonpsychologicalwell-being,theresearcherswrite.

【答案】31-35BHDKA36-40EIFCG

【导读】这篇文章讨论了社交媒体戒断对心理健康的影响。研究人员招募了600名大学生参与两天的实验，其中一

天要求戒断社交媒体。他们发现，即使是短暂的社交媒体戒断也很难坚持，并且并没有明显的积极影响。接下来我

们来看一下这些答案。

【解析】

31.boost(B)：根据原文该空缺位置在句子"We'veallheardthesupposedbenefitsofunpluggingfromdigitaldevices,

evenfor24hours.Suchbreaksaresaidto(31)self-confidence..."句子意思是“我们都听说过断开数字

设备，即使只有24小时，也有所谓的好处。据说这样的休息可以提高自信心…”，因此，使用boost可以填入

该空白，表示提高。

32.mixed(H)：根据原文该空缺位置在句子"Yetstudiesexploringthoseeffectshaveproduced(32)results.',

句子意思是“然而，探索这些影响的研究产生了混合结果。”因此，使用mixed可以填入该空白，表示混合的。

33.gains(D)：根据原文该空缺位置在句子”…systematicallytesttheideathatsocialmediadetoxingdeliversmeaningful

psychological(33)句子意思是“系统地测试社交媒体戒断是否能给人们带来有意义的心理收益。”

因此，使用gains可以填入该空白，表不收益。

34.assigned(K)：根据原文该空缺位置在句子"Allparticipantswererandomly(34)tokeepawayfromsocial

media..."句子意思是“所有参与者被随机分配以远离社交媒体…”，因此，使用assigned可以填入该空白，表示

分配。

35.normally(A)：根据原文该空缺位置在句子"...theyweretointeractwithdigitalplatformsasthey(35)

would/,句子意思是“他们应该像平常一样与数字平台进行互动。”因此，使用normally可以填入该空白，表示

通常地。

36.assessing(E)：根据原文该空缺位置在句子“Eacheveningtheyansweredsurveyquestionsaimedat(36)

variousaspectsofwell-being."句子意思是“每天晚上，他们回答针对评估幸福感各个方面的调查问题。”因此，

使用assessing可以填入该空白,表示评估。

37.anticipated(I)：根据原文该空缺位置在句子"Justas(37),peopledidn'tusethetimefreedupfrom

lookingatscreensforotherformsofsocializing.n句子意思是“正如预期的那样，人们没有利用从屏幕上解放出来

的时间进行其他形式的社交活动。”因此，使用anticipated可以填入该空白，表示预期的。

38.lower(F)：根据原文该空缺位置在句子"Infact,theyreported(38)lowerlevelsofface-to-face,phone,and

emailinteractionsontheirdetoxingdays."句子意思是“事实上，他们报告称，在戒断社交媒体的日子里，面对面、

电话和邮件交流的水平较低。''因此，使用lower可以填入该空白，表示更低的。

39.sustain(C)：根据原文该空缺位置在句子"Evenshortsocial-mediabreakscanbehardto(39)..."句子意思

是“即使是短暂的社交媒体休息也很难坚持…”，因此，使用sustain可以填入该空白，表示维持。

40.efforts(G)：根据原文该空缺位置在句子"...theymaynotbeworththe(40)句子意思是“他们可能不值

得努力。”因此，使用efforts可以填入该空白，表示努力。

(二)

(2024年黄浦区一模)

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.airflowsB.blockC.challengesD.coolE.criticallyF.disproportionately

G.principlesH.reducesI.sensitiveJ.site-specificK.stretches

Skywell

Askywell,or“tianjin”,asitiscommonlycalled,isatypicalfeatureofatraditional

homeinsouthernandeasternChina.Skywellsweredesignedtoreduce

temperatureinbuildingswellbeforeair-conditioningexisted.Whenwindblows

aboveaskywellhouse,itcanentertheindoorspacethroughtheopening,Because

outdoorairisoftencoolerthanindoorair,theincomingwindtravelsdownthewallsto

thelowerstoriesandcreates_31—byreplacingwarmerindoorair,whichrisesandleavesthroughtheopening.

Themainpurposeofaskywellistoallowinlight,improve力（通风）andharvestrainwater.InHuizhou,a

skywellissmallbuttall,andtheroomsaroundit_32—outsunlightonhotdays,enablingthebottomoftheskywellto

staycool.Meanwhile,hotairinsidethehousecanriseandescapethroughtheopeningabovetheskywell.

Architectsarenowlookingtowardsthe_33—behindskywellswhiledesigning

newbuildingstosaveenergy.OneexampleistheNationalHeavyVehicleEngineering

TechnologyResearchCentreintheeasternChinesecityofJinan.The18-storey

glass-walledtowerblockhasagiantinnerskywellinthemiddle,which_34—fromthe

fifthtothetopfloor.Theelevators,toiletsandmeetingroomsareallsituatedaroundthischannel,whichhelpsimprovethe

lightingandventilationand_35—theoverallenergyconsumption.

Ancient“greenwisdom^^suchasskywellscontinuetoinspiretoday'sclimateadaptivedesignandinnovationsin

methodsthatdependondesignandtechnologyto_36—abuildingwithouttheuseofpower.

However,therearesome_37—forbringingskywellsintomodemdesigns.Themechanismsofcourtyardsfacilitating

naturallighting,ventilationandraincollectionarewellknown,butapplyingthesemethodsneedstobe_38—.Because

traditionalskywellshaddifferentshapes,sizesandfeatures,whichwere_39—dependentontheirnaturalsurroundings,

addingskywellsintomodembuildingsrequiresdesignerstobe_40_totheirproject9scontextandsituation,makingit

difficulttoapplythemasauniversalsolution.

【答案】31.A32.B33.G34.K35.H36.D37.C38.J39..E40.1

【答案】31-35ABGKH36-40DCJEI

【解析】

【导读】本文介绍了中国南方和东部地区传统住宅的一个特点——天井。天井通过自然通风降温的方式，使室内保

持凉爽，并且可以收集雨水。现代建筑师也在借鉴这种天井的设计理念，来节能减排。不过，由于传统天井形状、

大小和特征的差异，将其应用于现代建筑需要考虑到项目的上下文和情况。

31.A.airflows（空气流动）：根据句子中“outdoorairisoftencoolerthanindoorair,theincomingwindtravelsdownthe

wallstothelowerstoriesandcreates”可知，天井的主要作用之一是通过通风让室内保持凉爽，并且室内空气的流

动是通过风的流动实现的，因此空气流动是正确的答案。

32.B.shade（遮阳）：根据句子中“theroomsarounditblocksunlightonhotdays,enablingthebottomoftheskywellto

staycool”可知，天井周围的房间会挡住阳光，因此这些房间需要高高的建造，从而让天井的底部保持凉爽，符

合“shade”的含义。

33.G.principles（设计理念）：根据句子中“Architectsarenowlookingtowardsthedesignconceptsbehindskywellswhile

designingnewbuildingstosaveenergy”可知，建筑师们在设计新建筑时，借鉴了传统天井的设计理念，因此“design

concepts”是正确答案。

34.K.stretches（延伸）：根据句子中“The18-storeyglass-walledtowerblockhasagiantinnerskywellinthemiddle,

whichextendsfromthefifthtothetopfloor”可知，这个塔楼内的天井从第五层一直延伸到顶层，因此"extends”是

正确答案。

35.H.reduces（减少）：根据句子中“Theelevators,toiletsandmeetingroomsareallsituatedaroundthischannel,which

helpsimprovethelightingandventilationanddecreasestheoverallenergyconsumption”可知,塔楼内的天井可以提

高采光和通风，并且降低能源消耗，因此“decreases”是正确答案。

36.D.cool（降温）：根据句子中“Ancient"greenwisdom5suchasskywellscontinuetoinspiretoday?sclimateadaptive

designandinnovationsinmethodsthatdependondesignandtechnologytocoolabuildingwithouttheuseofpower^^

可知，天井等自然通风降温的方法可以节省能源，因此“cool”是正确答案。

37.C.challenges（挑战）：根据句子中“However,therearesomeobstaclesforbringingskywellsintomodemdesigns”可

知，将传统天井引入现代建筑也存在一些挑战，因此"challenges”是正确答案。

38.J.site-specific（位置特定情况）：根据句子中“Becausetraditionalskywellshaddifferentshapes,sizesand

features...addingskywellsintomodernbuildingsrequiresdesignerstobecontext-specifictotheirproject5scontextand

situation”可知，将传统天井引入现代建筑需要考虑到项目的特定情况，因此“site-specific”是正确答案。

39.E.critically（严格）：木艮据句子中“Becausetraditionalskywellshaddifferentshapes,sizesandfeatures,whichwere

location-dependentontheirnaturalsurroundings”可知，传统天井的形状、大小和特征取决于周围的自然环境，因

此需要严格考虑，符合“critically”的含义。

40.I.sensitive（敏感）：根据句子中“addingskywellsintomodernbuildingsrequiresdesignerstobeattentivetotheir

project'scontextandsituation”可知，将传统天井引入现代建筑需要设计师对项目的上下文和情况敏感，因此

“sensitive”是正确答案。

（三）

（2024年长宁区一模）

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