河北省承德市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（含答案解析）

承德市高中2023—2024学年第一学期高二年级期末考试英语试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A．£19．15．B．£9．18．C．£9．15．答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whichplacedoesthemanadvisethewomantogothrough?A.Themainstreet． B.Themuseum． C.Thepark．【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:CanIgettothemuseumifItakethemainstreet?M:Yes,butitisfasterifyougothroughthepark．2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Haveatrip． B.Goshopping． C.Brushteeth．【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Doyouhaveeverythingyouneedforyourtrip?W:Ihavealmosteverything.Justbuymeatoothbrush．3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues． B.Couples． C.Classmates．【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Hey,canIborrowyourhistorybook?I’llgiveitbacktomorrow．M:Sorry,Ineedtouseittonight.Wehavethatbigtestcominguptomorrow,youknow．4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inapark． B.Inanapartmentbuilding． C.Inaclassroom．【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme.Doyouhaveanyroomsforrent?W:Yes.Wehaveasmallone-bedroomonthetopfloor.Isthatwhatyouarelookingfor?M:Iwashopingforsomethinglarger.Ineedtosharetheapartmentwitharoommate．5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whendotheman’sclassesend?A.At3pm． B.At4pm． C.At5pm．【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Whysoearly?M:Early?It’s7o’clocknow.Schoolstartsat8:45inthemorningandendsat3intheafternoon．W:Inmycountry,wegotoschoolfrom8amto5pm．M:Unbelievable!第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatarethespeakersdoingnow?A.HavinganEnglishclass．B.HavinganEnglishparty．C.PerforminganEnglishdrama．7.WhenwasShakespeareborn?A.In1654． B.In1564． C.In1456．【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】W:Boysandgirls,inthisperiod,wearegoingtointroduceShakespeare.DoyouknowShakespeare?M:Yes.HewasafamousBritishwriterandpoet.W:Doyouknowwhenandwherehewasborn?M:HewasborninStratford-on-Avonin1564.W:Howmanydramashadhewritten?M:37,ofwhichKingHenryVI,Hamlet,RomeoandJulietareallveryfamous．W:Yes.Youdidagoodjob．听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.WhatwaswrongwithTom?A.Hewashitbyataxi.B.Hehurthishead.C.Hefellillwithhearttrouble.9.Whatdidthewomando?A.Shecalledthedoctor.B.ShecheckedTomcarefully.C.ShetookTomtothehospital.【答案】8.C9.C【解析】【原文】M:Couldyoutellmewhathappened?W:Sure.Wewereinataxi.Tomwasshowingmearoundthecitywhenhesaidhehadapaininhischestandhefeltdizzy.Ithoughtthatitwasprobablyhisheart,soItoldhimweshouldhaveacheck.Andhereweare.M:Yousaidtherightthing.Hehashearttrouble.Thankyouverymuchforcomingherewithhim.W:Oh,that’sallright.Doyouknowhowlonghewillbeinhospital?M:Notyet.I’mgoingtotalktothedoctornow.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whydoesthemantalkwiththewoman?A.Tocheckin. B.Torentaroom. C.Tochangearoom.11.Howlongwillthemanstay?A.Sevendays. B.Thirteendays. C.Tendays.12.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Holdaconference. B.Haveameal. C.Buyaguidebook.【答案】10.A11.C12.B【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?M:Goodmorning.Ithinkthereshouldbearoombookedforme,inthenameofTonyMarshall.W:Umm,justamoment.Yes,asingleroom?M:That’sright.Weareattendingaconferencehere.W:Yes.Isitfortendays?Isthatright?M:Yes,untilthethirteenth.That’stendays.W:Right.Mr.Marshall,youareinroom207.M:Thankyouverymuch.DoyouhaveaguidebookofManchester?Iwanttogooutlater.W:Yes,hereyouare.M:Andcanyourecommendanygoodplacestoeat?I’mhungrynow.W:Whydon’tyoutryChinatown?ThereareplentyofgoodChineserestaurantsthere.M:Oh,IloveChinesefood.Thanks.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Howdidthemangetthere?A.Bytrainandbycar． B.Bytrainandbybus． C.Byplaneandbycoach．14.Whereisthemanfrom?A.Liverpool． B.London． C.Brighton．15.Wherewillthemeetingfornewstudentsbeheld?A.Inthecanteen．B.IntheCommonRoom．C.InRoom501．16.Whoisthewomanprobably?A.Ateacher． B.Anewstudent． C.Theman’smother．【答案】13.B14.C15.B16.A【解析】【原文】W:Hello.Youmustbeanewstudent.DoyoufinditOK?M:Well,IgotabitlostbecauseIamastranger.ButIgotiteventually.W:Oh,dear.Whereareyoufrom?M:FromBrighton.Iwasstayingwithmybrother.W:Howdidyougethere?M:Mybrothertookmetotherailwaystation.AndIgotonabusatthisend.W:Well,you’dbettertellmeyournamesothatIcanfindyourform.M:It’sMarkBum.W:OK.Andhereisthekeytoyourroom.It’s501.M:Thanks.HowdoIgetthere?W:Gototheendofthispassage,turnleftandit’sthethirddoorontheright.M:Thankyou.Oh,thereisameetingfornewstudents.Whattimeisthat?W:HalfpastfiveintheCommonRoomonthegroundfloor.M:Thanksalot.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatisthespeakertalkingabout?A.Hismajor． B.Hishobby． C.Hisjob．18.Wheredidthespeakerwatchbirdslastyear?A.Nearthelake． B.Intheforest． C.Inthemountains．19.Whichofthefollowinghelpsthespeakerinbirdwatching?A.Atent． B.Aflashlight． C.Aguidebook．20.Whydoesthespeakerlikebirdwatching?A.Ithelpshimexerciseandrelaxmind．B.Itletshimenjoynaturalscenery．C.Itteacheshimtoprotectbirds．【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.A【解析】【原文】M:Lastyear,Itookupthehobbyofbirdingorbirdwatchingaftermyfriendtookmeouttoobservesomebirdsnearthelake.Basically,birdinginvolvesobservingbirdsintheirnaturalhabitat.Iusuallygooutwithaguidebookinthemorningsbecausemostbirdsareveryactiveinfindingfoodatthattime.BecauseI’mnewtobirding,Iusemybirdguidebooktolookupcertainkindsofbirds.Ihavetolookcarefullyattheirfeathers,thewaytheybehaveandmoveandtheirsizetorecognizemanybirdsbecausesomelookverysimilar．Besideslookingatbirds,IliketheactivitybecauseitgivesmeachancetoexerciseasItraveltodifferentplaces,anditallowsmetorelaxmymindinthegreatoutdoors．第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABristolOldVicWhentheTheatreRoyal(nowBristolOldVic)wasbuilt,electricityhadn’tbeendiscovered.Forover250yearsthepeoplewhohaveowned,workedinsideandvisitedthetheatrehavekeptrecordsabouttheiractivity.ThesearekeptsafeattheUniversityofBristolTheatreCollection,andyou’lldiscoverarangeofdocumentswhichrecordthehistoryofthetheatre,fromitsfoundationin1764upuntilthepresentday.Herearesomeofthem.BEGINNINGIn1764businessmenAlexanderEdgarandThomasSymonssuggestedbuildinganewtheatrebetweenBaldwinStreetandthebackofCoopers’HallinKingStreet.Theestimatedcostwasf2,000tobesplitamong40subscribers,butthebuildingworkcostmorethanexpected.Owningsharesallowedthemtoinfluencedecisionsaboutthetheatre.SILVERTICKETEachoftheoriginalBristolOldVicshareholderswasgivenasilverticketthatpromisedsightofanyperformanceheldatthetheatre.Astheholderswerecleverbusinessmen,theyinsistedthatthesilverticketscouldbeloanedortraded.Thisenabledthemtomakesomeextramoneybutmadeitextremelydifficultforthetheatremanagerstokeeptrackofwhowasallowedtoseeshowsforfree.250THBIRTHDAYInMay2016,thetheatrecelebratedits250thbirthday!Astheoldestcontinuously-workingtheatreintheEnglish-speakingworld,itdeservedaproperparty,soBristol-basedLimbicCinemawashiredtocreateafilmofthetheatre’shistoricalhighlightswhichwasprojected(放映)ontothetheatreitself.21.Wherecanyoufindthethreementioneddocuments?A.AtBaldwinStreet.B.AtCoopers’HallinKingStreet.C.AttheUniversityofBristolTheatreCollection.D.AtBristol-basedLimbicCinema.22.Howwasthetheatre’s250thbirthdaycelebrated?A.BymakingafilmprojectedintheatresacrossEngland.B.BybuildingBristol-basedLimbicCinema.C.Byreleasingsilverticketinmemoryofthebirthday.D.Bycreatingafilmaboutitshistory.23.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.TointroducesomeinformationofBristolOldVic.B.Tochangepeople’sviewonBristolOldVic.C.Torecommendamovierelatedtothetheatre.D.Tocomparethetheatreandothers.【答案】21.C22.D23.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍一些关于布里斯托尔老维克剧院的信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ThesearekeptsafeattheUniversityofBristolTheatreCollection,andyou’lldiscoverarangeofdocumentswhichrecordthehistoryofthetheatre,fromitsfoundationin1764upuntilthepresentday.Herearesomeofthem.(这些都被安全地保存在布里斯托尔大学剧院收藏中，你会发现一系列记录剧院历史的文件，从1764年成立到现在。下面是其中的一些。)”可知，你可以在布里斯托尔大学剧院收藏中发现上面提到的三个文件。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Astheoldestcontinuously-workingtheatreintheEnglish-speakingworld,itdeservedaproperparty,soBristol-basedLimbicCinemawashiredtocreateafilmofthetheatre’shistoricalhighlightswhichwasprojected(放映)ontothetheatreitself.(作为英语国家中最古老的持续运作的剧院，它值得一个适当的派对，所以布里斯托尔的Limbic影业被雇来制作一部关于剧院历史亮点的电影，并投射到剧院本身。)”可知，剧院250岁生日的庆祝方式是制作一部关于其历史的电影。故选D。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“WhentheTheatreRoyal(nowBristolOldVic)wasbuilt,electricityhadn’tbeendiscovered.Forover250yearsthepeoplewhohaveowned,workedinsideandvisitedthetheatrehavekeptrecordsabouttheiractivity.ThesearekeptsafeattheUniversityofBristolTheatreCollection,andyou’lldiscoverarangeofdocumentswhichrecordthehistoryofthetheatre,fromitsfoundationin1764upuntilthepresentday.Herearesomeofthem.(当皇家剧院(现在的布里斯托尔老维克)建成时，电还没有被发现。250多年来，拥有剧院、在剧院工作和参观过剧院的人们一直记录着他们的活动。这些都被安全地保存在布里斯托尔大学剧院收藏中，你会发现一系列记录剧院历史的文件，从1764年成立到现在。下面是其中的一些。)”可推知，文章主要目的是为了介绍一些关于布里斯托尔老维克剧院的信息。故选A。BSarahwasnotanearlyriser.Butwhatmadetheannoyingearlymorninghoursbearablewasthecomfortingsmelloffreshcoffeefloatingintheair.Herfavoritecoffeeshopwasjustafewminutesawayfromherapartment.Onesunnymorning,Sarahrushedtogetdressed.Havingajobinterview,shefeltanxious,afraidtobelate.Shegrabbedhercarkey,dashedoutofthedoorandmadeherwaytoherfamiliarcoffeeshopasusual.Asshejoinedthelineofcarsatthedrive-through,thesmellofroastedcoffeebeansandthethoughtofthefirsttasteofcoffeewereherlittledailyluxury.Thelineinchedforward,andsoon,Sarahfoundherselfatthedrive-throughwindow.Shereachedforherpursetopay,butbeforeshecouldhandoverhercreditcard,thecoffeeshopassistantsmiledandsaid,“Yourcoffeehasbeencoveredbythecaraheadofyou.”Sarahwastakenaback.“Really?”sheasked,feelingastonishedandgrateful.Theassistantnodded.Theunexpectedactofkindnessputasmileonherface,makingherupcominginterviewfeelalittlerelaxing.Assheexitedthedrive-through,Sarahglancedinherrearviewmirror(后视镜)atthenextcarapproachingthecoffeeshopwindow.Anideabegantocomeintohermind.Maybeshecoulddothesameandbrightensomeoneelse’smorning.Shedecidedtoreturntothecoffeeshop.Inside,sheapproachedthecashierandsaid,“I’dliketopayforthecoffeeofthepersoninthecarbehindme.”Theassistantsmiledandnoddedagain.AsSaraheventuallyleftthecoffeeshop,Sarahcouldn’thelpbutwonderhowthenextdriverwouldreact.AwaveofsatisfactionwashedoverSarahasshewitnessedthecontinuationofthecoffeechain.Sheknewshehadjustinitiatedachainofgenerosityandkindness.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutSarahfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Sheledalifeofluxury. B.Sheusedtogetupearly.C.Shewasnervousabouttheinterview. D.Shewasnewtothecoffeeshop.25.WhydidSarahgobacktothecoffeeshop?A.Tofindoutwhopaidforhercoffee. B.Toorderherselfanothercupofcoffee.C.Toseewhatwasexactlyhappeningthere. D.Tobuycoffeeforthedriverbehindher.26.HowdidSarahfeelwhenshefinallyleftthecoffeeshop?A.Ambitious. B.Content. C.Awkward. D.Suspicious.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achainofcoffeeshops. B.Anunforgettableinterview.C.Thekindnessfromanassistant. D.Thepowerofpayingitforward.【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了莎拉某天早上去面试路上去一家咖啡店买咖啡，结果付钱的时候被告知咖啡被前面的人付过了，莎拉十分惊讶和感激，于是也为后面的司机付了咖啡钱。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Havingajobinterview,shefeltanxious,afraidtobelate.(有一个工作面试，她感到焦虑，害怕迟到)”可知，莎拉对面试很紧张。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Shedecidedtoreturntothecoffeeshop.Inside,sheapproachedthecashierandsaid,“I’dliketopayforthecoffeeofthepersoninthecarbehindme.”(她决定回到咖啡店。进去后，她走近收银员说：“我想为我后面那辆车里的人买咖啡。”)”可知，莎拉回到咖啡店是为了给后面的司机买咖啡。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“AwaveofsatisfactionwashedoverSarahasshewitnessedthecontinuationofthecoffeechain.(当萨拉看到咖啡连锁店人们继续排队时，一阵满意的情绪涌上心头。)”可知，当莎拉最终离开咖啡店时，她感到满足。故选B。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Shereachedforherpursetopay,butbeforeshecouldhandoverhercreditcard,thecoffeeshopassistantsmiledandsaid,“Yourcoffeehasbeencoveredbythecaraheadofyou.”Sarahwastakenaback.“Really?”sheasked,feelingastonishedandgrateful.Theassistantnodded.Theunexpectedactofkindnessputasmileonherface,makingherupcominginterviewfeelalittlerelaxing.(她伸手去掏钱包准备付款，但还没等她把信用卡递给店员，店员就笑着说：“你的咖啡已经被前面那辆车付了。”萨拉吃了一惊。“真的吗？”她问，既惊讶又感激。店员点点头。这一意想不到的善举让她脸上露出了笑容，让她觉得即将到来的面试有点放松。)”以及最后一段“Sheknewshehadjustinitiatedachainofgenerosityandkindness.(她知道她刚刚开启了慷慨和善良的链条。)”结合文章主要讲述了莎拉某天早上去面试路上去一家咖啡店买咖啡，结果付钱的时候被告知咖啡被前面的人付过了，莎拉十分惊讶和感激，于是也为后面的司机付了咖啡钱。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是传递爱的力量。故选D。CAnewstudywarnsthatmorethanafifthofallreptile(爬行动物)speciesarethreatenedwithextinctionwhichmayhaveabadimpactontheplanet.Thelargesteveranalysisofthestateoftheworld’sreptiles,publishedinNature,hasshowedthat21%ofthereptilespeciesarefacingextinction.Thestudysaysfromlizardstosnakes,suchalosscouldhavedisastrousimpactsonecosystemsaroundtheworld.Althoughmanyreptilesliveindryenvironmentssuchasdeserts,mostspeciesoccurinforests,wheretheysufferfromthreatssuchasloggingoflandforagriculture.30%oftheforest-dwellingreptilesareatriskofextinction,comparedwith14%indryhabitats.Huntingisalsoamajorthreattoreptiles,especiallyturtlesandcrocodiles,manyofwhichareatriskofextinction.Anothermajorcontributingfactoristheintroductionofinvasivespecies.“Ifweremovedreptiles,itcouldchangeecosystemsfundamentally,withunfortunateknock-oneffects,suchasincreasesinpestinsects,”saidNeilCox,co-leaderofthestudy.“Biodiversity,includingreptiles,supportstheecosystemservicesthatprovideahealthyenvironmentforpeople.”Ourhopeisthatthisfirst-everassessmentoftheworld’s10,000-plusreptileshelpsputtheminthespotlightandgoessomewaytohighlightingthisdiversity,andjusthowmuchwehavetolose.Aswellascontrollingrats,mosquitoesandotherpests,reptilesdelivermanyotherbenefits.“Theyhelpspreadseeds,especiallyinislandenvironments,”saidresearcherHoffmann.“We’vealsoachievedmanymedicaladvancesfromstudiesofreptiles.”Theresultsofthestudyarenotalldoomandgloom.Scientistshavefound,surprisingly,thatiftheysetouttoprotectplaceswherethreatenedbirds,mammalsandamphibians(两栖动物)livetogether,they’llmeanwhileprotectmanymorethreatenedreptiles.28.Whichisthemainconcernraisedbythenewstudy?A.Theoverpopulationofreptiles. B.Thelossofreptiles.C.Thesharpincreaseinreptilespecies. D.Thedisastrousinfluenceofreptilesonnature.29.Howmanyfactorscausingtheextinctionofspeciesarementionedinparagraph3?A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.30.WhatdidNeilCoxandHoffmannbothsayaboutreptiles?A.Theirbenefits. B.Theirhabitats.C.Theirlivinghabits. D.Theirhealthproblems.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“doomandgloom”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Disappointing. B.Odd. C.Satisfactory. D.Amazing.【答案】28.B29.C30.A31.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究警告说，超过五分之一的爬行动物物种面临灭绝的威胁，这可能对地球产生不良影响。文章介绍了导致爬行动物灭绝的因素以及爬行动物的益处。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Anewstudywarnsthatmorethanafifthofallreptile(爬行动物)speciesarethreatenedwithextinction,whichmayhaveabadimpactontheplanet.(一项新的研究警告说，超过五分之一的爬行动物物种面临灭绝的威胁，这可能对地球产生不良影响。)”可知，这项新研究提出的主要担忧是爬虫类动物的消失。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Althoughmanyreptilesliveindryenvironmentssuchasdeserts,mostspeciesoccurinforests,wheretheysufferfromthreatssuchasloggingoflandforagriculture.30%oftheforest-dwellingreptilesareatriskofextinction,comparedwith14%indryhabitats.Huntingisalsoamajorthreattoreptiles,especiallyturtlesandcrocodiles,manyofwhichareatriskofextinction.Anothermajorcontributingfactoristheintroductionofinvasivespecies.(虽然许多爬行动物生活在沙漠等干燥环境中，但大多数物种生活在森林中，在那里它们受到诸如农业用地砍伐等威胁。30%的森林爬行动物面临灭绝的危险，而干旱栖息地的这一比例为14%。狩猎也是爬行动物的主要威胁，尤其是海龟和鳄鱼，其中许多都有灭绝的危险。另一个主要因素是入侵物种的引入。)”可知，第3段提到了三个导致物种灭绝的因素。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Biodiversity,includingreptiles,supportstheecosystemservicesthatprovideahealthyenvironmentforpeople.(包括爬行动物在内的生物多样性支持为人类提供健康环境的生态系统服务。)”以及倒数第二段“Theyhelpspreadseeds,especiallyinislandenvironments(它们有助于传播种子，尤其是在岛屿环境中)”可知，尼尔·考克斯和霍夫曼提到了爬行动物的益处。故选A。【31题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Scientistshavefound,surprisingly,thatiftheysetouttoprotectplaceswherethreatenedbirds,mammalsandamphibians(两栖动物)livetogether,they’llmeanwhileprotectmanymorethreatenedreptiles.(令人惊讶的是，科学家们发现，如果他们开始保护受威胁的鸟类、哺乳动物和两栖动物共同生活的地方，他们同时也会保护更多受威胁的爬行动物。)”可知，后文提到了更多受威胁的爬行动物会受到保护，说明这项研究的结果并不都是令人失望的。故划线词意思是“令人失望的”。故选A。DWealllovebutterflies.Theirbeautifulwingsattractus,andtheirpresencelightsupourgarden.Well,that’sourviewofbutterflies,buthaveyoueverwonderedwhatplantsthinkofthem?Thebutterflies’eggslieontheundersideoftheleaves.Theeggsthemselvesdon’tdamageplants.However,uponcomingintocontactwiththeeggs,theplantsbecomeoversensitive.Itmeansthatonceaplantrecognizesapest,itwillcausedeathinthecontactedplantpart.Whenthesedeadleavesorpartialleafpartsbreakawayfromtheplant,theeggsonthemfalloff.Alongwiththehypersensitivityresponse,plantsalsoproducesomethingspecial,whichcanattractanimalstocattheeggs,thuspreventingdamageinthefuture.Afterthebabybutterfliescomeoutoftheireggs,thecaterpillar(毛虫)stagebegins.Mostcaterpillarsfeedontheleavesoftheplants,damagingsomeoftheplantsinyourowngarden.Incredibly,theyaremajorplantpeststhatbringaboutmajorlossestofarmers.Thenextstageispupa(蛹).Thecaterpillarsbegintheirchangeintoanadult.Theydon’tdependontheenergythattheleavesprovide.Finally,theybecomeadultbutterfliesthathavewingsandmovefromoneplanttotheother.Theyfeedonthesweetliquidproducedbyflowers.Whileontheirsearchforfood,thebutterfliescarrypollen(花粉)ontheirbody.Theyarekeypollinatorsthatplacepollenfromoneflowertoanotherinecosystem.Plantsthathaveflowerswillcreatesomespecialfeaturestodrawthesepollinators’attention.Certainplantshaveflowersgivingoffsmellsthatcancharmbutterflieswhentheyarelookingforamate.Someplantsevenhaveflatflowerstoassistbutterflieswhenlanding.Butterfliesaidinpollinationduringtheirfinaladultstage.Thus,theychangeintobeneficialinsectstoplants.Thischangemakesbutterfliesanimportantfriendofplants,despitebeingahatedenemyinpreviouslifecyclestages!32.Howdoesaplantrespondtobutterflies’eggs?A.Ittriestogetridofthem. B.Ittriestoappealtothem.C.Itgrowsalittlebetterwiththem. D.Itprotectsthemfrombeingeaten.33.Whendobutterfliescausethegreatestdamagetoagriculture?A.Intheperiodofegg-laying. B.Intheperiodofpupa.C.Intheperiodofcaterpillar. D.Intheperiodofadult.34.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Describetheprocessofpollination.B.Showhowflowersattractbutterflies.C.Stresstheimportanceofpollination.D.Explorehowadultbutterfliesdevelop.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whydoflowersneedbutterflies’pollination?B.Howdoplantsdefendthemselvesfrompests?C.Arebutterflies’lifecyclessimilartotheplants’?D.Arebutterfliesbeneficialorharmfultoplants?【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了蝴蝶对植物是有益的还是有害的。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“However,uponcomingintocontactwiththeeggs,theplantsbecomeoversensitive.Itmeansthatonceaplantrecognizesapest,itwillcausedeathinthecontactedplantpart.Whenthesedeadleavesorpartialleafpartsbreakawayfromtheplant,theeggsonthemfalloff.(然而，一旦接触到卵，植物就会变得过度敏感。这意味着一旦植物识别出害虫，它就会导致与之接触的植物部分死亡。当这些枯叶或部分叶从植物上脱落时，上面的卵就会脱落。)”可知，植物试图摆脱蝴蝶卵。故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Mostcaterpillarsfeedontheleavesoftheplants,damagingsomeoftheplantsinyourowngarden.Incredibly,theyaremajorplantpeststhatbringaboutmajorlossestofarmers.(大多数毛毛虫以植物的叶子为食，在你自己的花园里破坏一些植物。令人难以置信的是，它们是给农民带来重大损失的主要植物害虫。)”可知，蝴蝶的毛毛虫阶段对农业的危害最大。故选C。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Plantsthathaveflowerswillcreatesomespecialfeaturestodrawthesepollinators’attention.Certainplantshaveflowersgivingoffsmellsthatcancharmbutterflieswhentheyarelookingforamate.Someplantsevenhaveflatflowerstoassistbutterflieswhenlanding.(有花的植物会创造出一些特殊的特征来吸引这些传粉者的注意。某些植物的花朵散发出气味，可以吸引寻找配偶的蝴蝶。有些植物甚至有扁平的花朵来帮助蝴蝶着陆。)”可知，作者在第四段主要展示了花朵如何吸引蝴蝶。故选B。35题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Wealllovebutterflies.Theirbeautifulwingsattractus,andtheirpresencelightsupourgarden.Well,that’sourviewofbutterflies,buthaveyoueverwonderedwhatplantsthinkofthem?”(我们都喜欢蝴蝶。它们美丽的翅膀吸引着我们，它们的出现照亮了我们的花园。好吧，这就是我们对蝴蝶的看法，但是你有没有想过植物是怎么看待它们的？)”和文章最后一段“Butterfliesaidinpollinationduringtheirfinaladultstage.Thus,theychangeintobeneficialinsectstoplants.Thischangemakesbutterfliesanimportantfriendofplants,despitebeingahatedenemyinpreviouslifecyclestages!(蝴蝶在它们最后的成虫阶段帮助授粉。因此，它们变成了植物的益虫。这种变化使蝴蝶成为植物的重要朋友，尽管在以前的生命周期阶段是一个讨厌的敌人！)”可知，文章主要讨论了蝴蝶对植物是有益的还是有害的。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Self-criticism(自我批评)isamentalhabitofnegativelyanalyzingandjudgingourselvesandouractions.Ifwedon’tfindawaytoovercomeself-criticism,wewon’tbeabletoliveahappyandsatisfyinglife.____36____.StopNegativeThoughtsThoughtstoppingisoneofthebestsecretsofhowtoovercomeself-criticism.Interruptingyourthoughtshelpsyouchangehowyouthinkaboutyourself,thushelpingyoufeelbetter.____37____.However,withenoughpractice,youwillmakeit.____38____Anotherstrategyistoreplacenegativeself-criticalthoughtswithpositiverealisticstatements.Forinstance,ifyousetagoal,berealisticaboutitbygivingyourselfenoughtimetoachieveit.Infact,havingaconstantdesiretoachieveimmediatesuccesscanruinyourconfidence.AvoidPerfectionismAnothersecretistoletgooftheneedtobeperfect.It’sallrighttosethighstandardsforyourself.____39____.Inaddition,desiringtobeperfectineverythingyoupursuecanpreventyourprogress.StopComparingYourselftoOthers____40____.However,it’simportanttonotethatcomparingyourselftoyourpeers,friends,orfamilycanincreasedissatisfactionandunhappiness.Thatsaid,thebesttiponhowtoovercomeself-criticismistopracticeself-acceptance.A.BerealisticB.FocusonstrengthsC.It’snormaltofeellikethateveryonehasabetterlifethanyouD.Rememberit’sfromyourmistakesthatyougettoimproveyourselfE.Ifyou’vebeenstuckinnegativethoughts,here’swhatyouneedtodoF.It’simportanttonotethatchangingyournegativethoughtpatternscantaketimeG.However,fallingshortofyourgoalsandexpectationscanmakeyoufeelworthless【答案】36.E37.F38.A39.G40.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些克服自我批评的方法。【36题详解】根据上文“Self-criticism(自我批评)isamentalhabitofnegativelyanalyzingandjudgingourselvesandouractions.Ifwedon’tfindawaytoovercomeself-criticism,wewon’tbeabletoliveahappyandsatisfyinglife.(自我批评是一种消极地分析和评判自己和我们的行为的心理习惯。如果我们找不到克服自我批评的方法，我们将无法过上幸福和满意的生活。)”和下文小标题介绍的方法可知，空处承上启下，说明要介绍一些克服自我批评的方法。E项中的“negativethoughts”与上文的“self-criticism”对应。E项：Ifyou’vebeenstuckinnegativethoughts,here’swhatyouneedtodo.(如果你一直陷在消极的想法中，这是你需要做的。)符合语境。故选E。【37题详解】根据段落小标题“StopNegativeThoughts.(停止消极的想法)”和下文“However,withenoughpractice,youwillmakeit.(然而，通过足够的练习，你会做到的。)”可知，停止消极的思维方式需要时间练习。F项中的“negativethoughts”与标题对应。F项：It’simportanttonotethatchangingyournegativethoughtpatternscantaketime.(重要的是要注意，改变你的消极思维模式需要时间。)符合语境。故选F。【38题详解】空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Anotherstrategyistoreplacenegativeself-criticalthoughtswithpositiverealisticstatements.(另一个策略是用积极的现实的陈述取代消极的自我批评想法。)”可知，本段建议要现实一点。下文中的“realisticstatements”和A项中的“realistic”对应。A项：Berealistic.(现实一点。)符合语境。故选A。【39题详解】根据上文“It’sallrighttosethighstandardsforyourself.(给自己定个高标准没什么大不了的。)”和下文“Inaddition,desiringtobeperfectineverythingyoupursuecanpreventyourprogress.(此外，追求完美的欲望会阻碍你的进步。)”可知，空处和上文形成转折关系，和下文并列，一起说明追求完美的不利之处。G项：However,fallingshortofyourgoalsandexpectationscanmakeyoufeelworthless.(然而，达不到你的目标和期望会让你觉得自己毫无价值。)符合语境。故选G。【40题详解】根据下文“However,it’simportanttonotethatcomparingyourselftoyourpeers,friends,orfamilycanincreasedissatisfactionandunhappiness.(然而，重要的是要注意，将自己与同龄人、朋友或家人比较会增加不满和不快乐。)”可知，空处和下文形成转折关系，说明和别人进行比较是正常的。C项：It’snormaltofeellikethateveryonehasabetterlifethanyou.(觉得每个人都比你过得好是很正常的。)符合语境。故选C。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Dressedinakachhad,atraditionalNepaleseclothes,UmeshBalalwalkedintohismeetingsatthe28thUnitedNationsClimateChangeConference(COP28)onclimatechangeinDubaiwithasenseofdetermination.Balal,whohasphysicaldisability,wastheretopublicly____41____inclusionofdisabilityrightsintheclimatechangeconference,anaspectthathesaidhaslongbeen____42____byorganizersoftheworld’slargestannualmeetingonclimateissues.Asastudent,Balalwas____43____aboutscienceandinvolvedhimselfinresearchonenvironmentalscience.Thosewerehisfirstfewi