Attributive-Clause英语中的限制性定语从句

Proofreading&Errorcorrection==TestforEnglishMajorsThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway.Theymightbeawrongword,amissingword,oranunnecessaryword.PartOne:ThedesiretouselanguageasasignofnationalidentityIsaverynaturalone,andinresultlanguagehasplayeda___prominentpartinnationalmoves.Menhaveoftenfeltthe___needtocultivateagivenlanguagetoshowthattheyaredistinctivefromanotherracewhosehegemonytheyresent.__AtthetimetheUnitedSatessplitofffromBritain,forex-____ample,therewereproposalstheindependenceshouldbelin-guisticallyacceptedbytheuseofadifferentlanguagefrom__thoseofBritain.TherewasevenoneproposalthatAmeri-__cansshouldadoptHebrew.OthersfavouredtheadoptionofPartTwoGreek,though,asonemanputit,thingswouldcertainlybesimplerforAmericansiftheystuckontoEnglishandmade__theBritishlearnGreek.Attheend,aseveryoneknows,the__twocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactorysolutionofcarryingwiththesamelanguageasbefore.____Sincenearlytwohundredyearsnow,theyhaveshown__theworldthatpoliticalindependenceandnationalidentitycanbecompletewithoutsacrificingtheenormousmutualad-vantagesofacommonlanguage.Unit12AttributiveClauseWhatisanattributiveclause?Aclausewhichisfunctionedasanattributivetomodifyanounorapronoun,andsometimesasentence.Mostoftheattributiveclausesareintroducedbyrelatives(关系词).Whatisarelativeandwhatarethefunctionsofit?Itplayssomerelativefunctionsbetweentheantecedentandtheclause.Itbothintroducestheattributiveclauseandactsasacertainconstituentintheclauseinplaceoftheantecedent.Theman

whowrotethisbookisawell-knownscientist.Howmanytypesofrelativesarethere?Relativepronouns:that,which,who,whom,whoseRelativeadverbs:when,where,why,howWhatisanantecedent?Thewordorphrasewhichismodifiedbytheattributiveclause.Whereshouldweputtheattributiveclause?Theattributiveclauseusuallyfollowstheantecedentimmediately.1.Attributiveclausesintroducedbyrelativepronouns.Relativepronounscanbefunctionedassubjects,objectsorattributives.Examples

Whereisthegirlwho(that)wasinjuredintheaccident?Themanwhom(that)yousawjustnowisourmanager.IsthereanyoneherewhosenameisWangLin?“that”canbeusedtoreplacetheantecedentbeingpredicativesintheclauseSheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasinherchildhood.Thisisnotaneasyquestionthatyouthinkittobe.Pleasebenoted!Therelative“that”sometimescanbeomitted.Underwhatcircumstances?Inoralorinformaloccasionsandusedasanobject.Haveyoufoundthebook(that)youwant?Whentherelativesareprepositionalobjects,wecannotuse“that”.Instead,wehavetouse“whom”or“which”.Andtheycannotbeomitted.Thebookfromwhich(not“that”)Igotalotofusefulinformationwaswrittenbyafamousphysicist.Butwhenweputtheprepositionattheendofthesentenceanditsobjectinfront,wecanstilluse“that”relative.“That”alsocanbeomitted.Thebook(that/which)Igotalotofusefulinformationfromwaswrittenbyafamousphysicist.Whoistheboywithwhomyouweretalkingamomentago?Whoistheboy(that/whom)youweretalkingwithamomentago?“That”mustbeusedasarelativewhen…theantecedentsarethoseindefinitepronounssuchas“all,everything,something,nothing…”modifiedby“first,last,only,few,much,some,any,no”andthesuperlativedegreesofadjectives.Pleasefillinthemissingparts.Iaminterestedin______youhavetoldme.你告诉我的一切我都感兴趣。Heaskedfor___________wasonthesubject.他要有关这个内容的最好的书。allthatthebestbookthatWhenwehavetwoantecedentsandoneforpeopleandtheotherforthings,weuse“that”tointroducetheattributiveclause.Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschools______wehadvisitedthere.thatprep.+which:theyfunctiontogetherinasentence.Thespeedatwhichthemachineoperatesisindicatedonthemeter.Thisisaplacetowhichpeoplewilladaptveryeasily.Therelativesheredonotplayanyfunctionsaloneintheclauses.Instead,itgoeswithitsprepositionstoplayadverbialsorotherfunctionsintheclause.2.AttributivesclausesintroducedbyrelativeadverbsTherelativeadverbswillbefunctionedastime,placeorcauseadverbialsintheclause.When=at,on,in,duringwhichWhere=in,atwhichWhy=forwhichHow=inwhichPleasetranslate:他来得正是时候。〔我们正急需帮助的那一刻，他来了〕Hecameatatimewhen(atwhich)wewerebadlyinneedofhelp.我工作的那所学校离这儿不远。Theschoolwhere(inwhich)Iworkisnotfarfromhere.他没有给出理由昨天为什么不来。Hedidn’tgivethereasonwhy(forwhich)hewasabsentyesterday.我们很欣赏他面对困难的方式。Weadmiredhimfortheway(inwhich)hefacedhisdifficulties.3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthedefiningandnon-definingattributiveclause?Definingandnon-definingattributiveclausesaredifferentiatedfromtherelationswiththeantecedents.PleaseinterpretthesentencesHehasadaughterwhoworksinahospital.Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.4.“as”inattributiveclause“as”canbeusedtointroduceanattributiveclause.Itmainlyexistsin“such…as”or“thesame…as”structuresandrepresentstheantecedentsbeingnounsforpeopleorthings.In“thesame…as”structure,“that”canalsobeusedtoreplace“as”.让我们讨论一下只跟我们有关的这些问题.Let’sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcernus.(subject)没有人相信如他讲的这种故事Noonewillbelievesuchstoriesashetold.(object)我从未见过象他们那样的那种人Ihaveneverseensuchkindofpeopleastheyare.(predictative)“as”introducingnon-definingattributiveclausesWecanuse“as”tointroduceannon-definingattributiveclausetofurtherclarifythemeaningoftheprevioussentence.Theclausecanbeputatthebeginning,ormiddle,orattheendofasentence.Examples

HeisanEnglishman,asIknowfromhisaccent.Aswasusualwithhim,hewentoutforawalkafterdinner.5.ThechoiceofrelativepronounsandrelativeadverbsWhichrelativestousehasnothingtodowiththefunctionsofantecedentsinthemainclause,buthaseverythingtodowiththefunctionsforrelativestoplayinthesubclause.Seewhethertheantecedentsareforpeople,forthings,fortime,forplacesorcauses.Seewhethertheyintroducedefiningornon-definingrelativeclauses.ExamplesThisistheplace________Ispentmychildhood.Thistheplace________Ivisitedlastsummer.Thereason________hegavewasunacceptable.Thereason_________hedid