河北省石家庄市2023～2024学年高二上学期期末教学质量检测英语试卷【含答案解析】

石家庄市2023~2024年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高二英语（本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Changehisseat. B.Sittogetherwithher. C.Saveheraseat.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,isthisseattaken?M:No.itisn’t.W:Wouldyoumindmovingoverone,somyfriendandIcansittogether?M:No,notatall.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdidthemanlearntocookthesoup?A.Fromarestaurant. B.Fromaschool. C.Fromarecipe.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:You’reareallygoodcook.Thesoupisdelicious,evenbetterthanthatintherestaurant.Didyoustudycookinginschool?M:No,Ilearnedbymyself.IhaveagoodcookbookthatIreadwhenIhavetime.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onabus. B.Atatrainstation. C.Inabank.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Doesthisbusgotothetrainstation?M:No,you’llhavetogetoffatthebank,andtakea192.W:Canyoutellmewheretogetoff?M:It’stwostopsafterthisone.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anofficerule. B.Adifficultjob. C.Apieceofadvice.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:AsofJanuary1,allmenarerequiredtoweartiesattheoffice.M:That’sunfair.Thisjobisalreadyverydifficult,andnowI’llhavetodressinclothingthatisfarlesscomfortable.W:I’msorrytohearthat.Youmaywanttoconsidergettingintoanotherlineofwork.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hewantstojoinagym. B.Heseldomexercisesnow. C.Heissickatthemoment.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:IjoinedtheSamsungHealthClub.M:Howdoyoufeelaboutworkingoutatthegym?W:It’shardworkwhileexercising,butitisagreatfeelingwhenIgetdone.M:Ihavearunningmachineathome.Iusedtouseit,butI’malreadysickofit.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Makeanappointment. B.Fillinanotherform. C.Gotothewaitingroom.7.Whowillthewomanmeetthisafternoon?A.Adoctor. B.Herboss. C.Acustomer.【答案】6.C7.C【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning.IhaveanappointmentwithDr.Tangatteno’clock.M:Let’ssee...SameeraKapoor?Welcome.Asanewpatient,youjustneedtofilloutthisform.W:Actually,Ifilledthatoutlastweek.I’mheretodayforafollow-upappointment.DoIneedtofilloutanotherone?M:Oh,Iseeitinyourfilenow.Sorryaboutthat.YoucangoaheadandwaitinRoomTwo.Thedoctorwillbewithyoushortly.W:Great.I’mgladIcouldscheduleanearlyappointment.Mybossaskedmetohaveafternoonteawithanimportantclient.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whyaretherefeweradultswatchingtheplaythanteenagers?A.Itisperformedinaschool.B.Theplayisaimedatteenagers.C.Mostadultsareoccupiedintheafternoon.9.Whatdothespeakersagreeonabouttheplay?A.Itisdifficulttounderstand.B.Itscharactersarerealistic.C.Ithasasurprisingending.【答案】8.C9.B【解析】【原文】W:Thatwasanamazingplay.M:Itwas.Overhalfthepeoplewatchingwereschoolstudentslikeus.W:Iguessthat’snotsounusualforanafternoonperformance.Mostadultsareworkingthen.M:Iwonderwhatit’slikebeinganactor.Theymusthavetopracticesohard.W:Theonesinthisplaycertainlyhad.Ifounditdifficulttobelievehowrealistictheymanagedtomakeallofthecharacters.M:Yes,andIcouldn’tpredictwhatwouldhappenattheend.W:Istudiedthisplayinliteratureclasseslastyear,soIalreadyknewwhatwasgoingtohappen.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatproblemdoesthewomanface?A.Shecan’tturnonhercomputer.B.Shecan’topenadocument.C.Shecan’thandleherwork.11.Whendidthewoman’sproblemoccur?A.Yesterdaymorning. B.Lastnight. C.Thismorning.12.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Sendhimanemail. B.Cometohisplace. C.Givehimacall.【答案】10.B11.C12.A【解析】【原文】W:HiJason.Sorrytobotheryou.I’vebeenhavingaproblemwithmycomputer.Ithoughtyoumightbeabletohelpme.M:Isee.What’stheproblem?W:IhaveafilethatIcan’taccessforsomereason.Ihavetohanditintomorrow.M:Wereyouabletoopenitbefore,onthecomputeryou’reusingnow?W:Yes,Iwasworkingonitlastnightandeverythingwasfine,butthismorningIcouldn’topenit.M:Doyouthinkyourcomputermighthaveavirus?W:No,Icheckedandthereweren’tany.M:I’mnotsurewhat’swrong.Ifit’spossible,emailthefiletomeandI’llseeifIcangetittoopen.W:OK,I’lldothatwhenIgethome.M:I’llbehomeafter8p.m.SendittomewhenyougetachanceandI’llcallyoulater.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.WhatwillthemandoinAugust?A.Graduatefromcollege. B.Startwork. C.Acceptapplications.14.Whatisthespeakers’opinionabouttheman’scareerprospects?A.Promising. B.Worrying. C.Unclear.15.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shechangedmajoratcollege.B.Shespentayearfindingajob.C.Shegotamaster’sdegree.16.Whatcouldthewomanprobablybe?A.Apsychologist. B.Anengineer. C.Awebsitedesigner.【答案】13.A14.B15.A16.B【解析】【原文】W:HeyEric,whatareyoudoinghere?M:Hi,Amy,I’mwaitingforafriend.W:Iheardyou’regoingtograduatethissummer.Isthattrue?M:Yes.Ifeverythinggoesalright,I’llbegettingmybachelor’sdegreeinAugust.ThenIneedtostartlookingforajob.W:Ihadtodothatlastyear.Itwasn’teasy.Doyouhaveanyjoboffers?M:No,notyet.Isentoutalotofapplications,butIdidn’treceivemanyresponses.It’sprettyhardtofindajobrightnow.W:What’syourmajor?M:Psychology.W:ThatwasmymajorwhenIstartedcollege,butIswitchedtoengineeringafterthefirstyear.Andittookmeabout3monthstofindajob.Ifinallywasabletogetajobthatmatchedmyeducationalbackgroundonajobwebsite.M:Anyway,itreallydoesn’tmatter.IfIcan’tfindajob,I’llprobablygobacktoschooltogetmymaster’sdegree.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkoftheareaclosetoCapeTown?A.It’sdiverse. B.It’slivable. C.It’scold.18.Whatisspecialabouttheeasternseaboard?A.Ithasalargegarden. B.Ithaslotsofplants. C.Ithasachangeableclimate.19.HowhasSouthAfricachanged?A.Ithasbecomehotter.B.Ithasalowerdiversityofspecies.CIt’sexperiencingadecreaseinrainfall.20.WhatattractsvisitorstotheFloralKingdom?A.Thehistoricsite. B.Theculturalheritage. C.Thediverseplantspecies.【答案】17.B18.B19.A20.C【解析】【原文】M:SouthAfricaisreallydiverse.Youcantravelinonedayandfindmanydifferentspotsanddifferentplaces.IfyoumovetowardsthesouthernpartofthecountryclosetoCapeTown,you’dfindtheygrowalotoffruitandalotofpeoplelivetherebecausetheclimateissomildandreallyhasnoextremetemperatures.TravelingfromCapeTowntotheeasternseaboard,you’llgettotheGardenRouteinSouthAfricaandthenamecomesfromthefactthatitlooksalmostlikeagarden.Beautifulplantsandtrees,forests,everythinggrowsduetorelativelyhighrainfall.It’sreallybeautifulanditnevergetstoohotinsummerandnevertoocoldinwinter.ButrecentlyperhapsbecauseofglobalwarmingwehaveseenquitealotofchangesinSouthAfrica.Thehotareashaverecordedevenhighertemperatures.Oh,bytheway,Iforgottomentionthere’sareallybeautifulplacethatyoucanvisitclosetoCapeTown.IthinktheycallittheFloralKingdomandit’sanaturalheritagesitethatyoucanvisitbecauseofallthedifferentspeciesofplantlife.Touristsfromallovertheworldcometoseeit.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALastFriday,Britain’sPrinceWilliamannouncedthewinnersofthisyear’sEarthshotPrize.Theprizeismeanttoencouragenewideasandrapidactiontohelpprotecttheplanet.Belowarepartsofthisyear’sprize-winningprojectsineachcategory.ProtectandRestoreNatureKheytiwontheprizeforprotectingandrestoringnaturewithits“Greenhouse-in-a-box”idea.Kheytiisalreadyworkingwith1,000farmersacrossIndia,whichisoneofthemostclimate-affectedcountriesintheworld.Thecompanysaysthegreenhousesallowfarmerstouse90%lesswaterandproduceseventimesasmuchfood.Kheytihopestogetitsgreenhousesto50,000farmersby2027.CleanOurAirCharlotMagayiwontheprizeforcleaningtheair.Ms.Magayidevelopedastove(炉子)thatusesafuelthat’scheaperandpollutesfarlessthancharcoalstoves.Currently,over200,000ofherCleanStovesarebeingusedinKenya.BuildaWaste-FreeWorldALondon-basedcompanycalledNotpla(for“NotPlastic”)wontheprizeforbuildingawaste-freeworld.They’vecreatedaplasticsubstitute(替代品)fromplantsfoundintheocean.Unlikemostplastic,theirproductsbreakdownnaturallywithnomicroplastics.Notplabelievestheirproductscanhelpendtheplasticpollutionthat’sfillinglandfillsandpollutingoceans.FixOurClimateTheEarthshotPrizeforworkingtowardfixingourclimatewenttoacompanycalled44.01fromOman.44.01hascomeupwithawaytoturnpollutingcarbondioxide(CO2)intoarockcalledperidotite.OncetheCO2hasbeenturnedintorock,itcannolongerbereleasedintotheatmosphereagain.Themethodthat44.01usesisfast,cheapandpermanent.21.WhatistheaimoftheEarthshotPrize?A.Toofferpracticaladviceonglobalwarming.B.Tofindsolutionstotheenvironmentalproblems.C.Todevelopastrategicpartnershipwithallparties.D.ToencourageliterarycreationsoftheBritishpeople.22.WhereareKheyti’sgreenhouseswidelyused?A.InIndia. B.InKenya. C.IntheUK. D.InOman.23.WhatdoCharlotMagayiand44.01haveincommon?A.Theywanttobuildawaste-freeworld.B.Theirprojectsaredirectlygoodforfarmers.C.Theirachievementsbenefittheaircleaning.D.Theyuseplantsfromtheoceanintheirproducts.【答案】21.B22.A23.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文。英国威廉王子宣布今年“为地球奋斗奖”的获奖者本文主要介绍了今年各类别获奖项目的部分内容。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theprizeismeanttoencouragenewideasandrapidactiontohelpprotecttheplanet.(该奖旨在鼓励新的想法和快速行动，以帮助保护地球。)”，以及下文的各个小标题可知，“为地球奋斗奖”的目的是找到方法保护地球。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据ProtectandRestoreNature下的“Kheytiisalreadyworkingwith1,000farmersacrossIndia,whichisoneofthemostclimate-affectedcountriesintheworld.(Kheyti已经与印度的1,000名农民合作，印度是世界上受气候影响最严重的国家之一。)”可知，Kheyti的温室项目在印度各地都有进行。故选A项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据CleanOurAir的“CharlotMagayiwontheprizeforcleaningtheair.Ms.Magayidevelopedastove(炉子)thatusesafuelthat’scheaperandpollutesfarlessthancharcoalstoves.Currently,over200,000ofherCleanStovesarebeingusedinKenya.(查洛特·马盖赢得了清洁空气奖。马盖发明了一种使用比木炭炉更便宜且污染更少的燃料的炉子。目前，肯尼亚已有超过20万个她的清洁炉正在使用)”，FixOurClimate的“TheEarthshotPrizeforworkingtowardfixingourclimatewenttoacompanycalled44.01fromOman.44.01hascomeupwithawaytoturnpollutingcarbondioxide(CO2)intoarockcalledperidotite.(为解决气候问题做出贡献的‘为地球奋斗奖’奖颁给了44.01公司。44.01公司提出了一种将污染的二氧化碳转化为一种名为橄榄石的岩石的方法。)”可知，CharlotMagayi和44.01的共同之处是他们的成就都有利于空气净化，因此而得奖。故选C项。BSomeofmyearliestmemoriesinvolvesittingwithmydadinhisstudyeverynightwhenhecamehomefromtheoffice,I’dwatchasheputhispersonalitemsaway;hiswatch,wallet,combandcarkeysTheywouldalwaysoccupythesamespotonthetableeverytime.Dad’scombwasjadegreen.IheardheboughtitwhenhemarriedMum.Everynight,hewouldsmile,handmethecombandsay,“BeagoodgirlandhelpDaddycleanit,OK?”Iwasmorethanhappytodoit.Atagefive,thiskindoftaskbroughtmesuchjoy.Iwouldexcitedlyturnthetapon,andthenbrushthecombwithausedtoothbrushashardasIcould.SatisfiedthatI’ddoneagoodjob,IwouldproudlyreturnthecombtoDad.Hewouldsmileatme,andplacethecombontopofhiswallet.Abouttwoyearslater,Dadlefthissalesjobandstartedhisownwholesalebusiness.Istartedprimaryschool.Thatwaswhenthingsstartedtochange.Dad’sbusinesswasn’tdoingsowell,andourstablelifestartedgettingshaky.Hedidn’tcomehomeasmuchasheusedto.Andwhenhedidcomehome,itwasalwayslateandI’dalreadybeinbed.1startedtogetmad.Whydidn’thelistentoMumandjuststicktohisoldjob?Whydidhetaketheriskandplacethewholefamilyintrouble?Overtheyears,Istoppedwaitingforhimtocomehome,andstoppedgoingdownstairstocheckonhim.Now28,I’vegraduatedfromcollegeandgotajob.Dad’sbusinesshasalsostartedtogetbackontrack.YettheuncomfortablesilencebetweenDadandmewenton.Twodaysbeforemybirthdaylastyear,Dadcamehomeearly.Onthatevening,Ihelpedhimcarryhisbagsintohisstudyasusual.WhenIturnedtoleave,heaskedmetocleanhiscomb.Ilookedathimforawhile,thentookthecombandheadedtothesink.Itwasthesamecomb.Aftercleaningit,IpasseditbacktoDad.Helookedatitandsmiled.Butthistime,Inoticedsomethingdifferent.Mydadhadaged.Hehadwrinklesnexttohiseyeswhenhesmiled,yethissmilewasstillasheartwarmingasbefore.24.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,wecanlearn___________.A.theauthorwouldstudywithDadeveryeveningB.thepreciousgreencombofDadwasmadeofjadeC.theearliestmemorieswithDadwerefullofjoyD.theauthorwasunwillingtocleanthecombforDad25.WhatprobablymadeDaddecidetostarthisownbusiness?A.Hewaseagertogeteverythingontrack.B.Hewantedtokeephisfamilylifestable.C.Hewaslaidoffandhadtomakealiving.D.Hehopedtoearnabetterlifeforthefamily.26.WhatemotionalchangesdidtheauthorexperiencewhenstayingwithDadtheseyears?A.Cheerful→mad→warm.B.Mad→satisfied→warm.C.Satisfied→worried→angryD.Warm→concerned→uncomfortable.27.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MyDad’sCombB.Dad’sWholesaleBusinessC.ChangesofMyDadD.MyEarliestMemorieswithDad【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文以一把梳子为线索，讲述了作者小时候喜欢在晚上给父亲清理梳子，后来爸爸想要让家庭生活变得更好，因此辞职创业，和作者的关系也疏远了，后来作者长大了找到了一份工作最终理解了父亲。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Iwasmorethanhappytodoit.Atagefive,thiskindoftaskbroughtmesuchjoy.(我非常乐意这么做。在五岁的时候，这种任务给我带来了如此多的快乐。)”可知，作者小时候与父亲的相处是非常愉快的。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Dad’sbusinesswasn’tdoingsowell,andourstablelifestartedgettingshaky.(爸爸的生意不太好，我们稳定的生活开始变得不稳定。)”以及“Whydidn’thelistentoMumandjuststicktohisoldjob?Whydidhetaketheriskandplacethewholefamilyintrouble?(他为什么不听妈妈的话，继续干他原来的工作呢？为什么要冒这个险，让全家人陷入麻烦？)”可知，因为爸爸的工作，我们之前的生活是稳定的，后来爸爸想要让家庭生活变得更好，因此辞职创业。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Iwasmorethanhappytodoit.Atagefive,thiskindoftaskbroughtmesuchjoy.(我非常乐意这么做。在五岁的时候，这种任务给我带来了如此多的快乐。)”；第四段“Andwhenhedidcomehome,itwasalwayslateandI’dalreadybeinbed.1startedtogetmad.(当他回家时，总是很晚，而我已经上床睡觉了。我开始生气了。)”以及最后一段“Helookedatitandsmiled.Butthistime,Inoticedsomethingdifferent.Mydadhadaged.Hehadwrinklesnexttohiseyeswhenhesmiled,yethissmilewasstillasheartwarmingasbefore.(他看着它，笑了。但这一次，我注意到了一些不同。我父亲老了。他笑的时候眼角有了皱纹，但他的笑容还是像以前一样暖心。)”可推知，作者这些年和爸爸在一起的情感变化是快乐→生气→温暖。故选A。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Someofmyearliestmemoriesinvolvesittingwithmydadinhisstudyeverynightwhenhecamehomefromtheoffice,I’dwatchasheputhispersonalitemsaway;hiswatch,wallet,combandcarkeysTheywouldalwaysoccupythesamespotonthetableeverytime.(我最早的一些记忆是每天晚上当我父亲从办公室回家时，他都坐在他的书房里。我看着他把他的私人物品放好：他的手表、钱包、梳子和车钥匙。每次他们总是占据桌子上的同一个位置。)”结合本文以一把梳子为线索，讲述了作者小时候喜欢在晚上给父亲清理梳子，后来爸爸想要让家庭生活变得更好，因此辞职创业，和作者的关系也疏远了，后来作者长大了找到了一份工作最终理解了父亲。可知，C项“ChangesofMyDad(父亲的变化)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。CMostpeopledon’tlieverymuch.Itmakessense.Bybeinghonestwithpeople,younotonlybuildupgoodwill,butalsosavealotofbrainpowersinceyourbraindoesn’thavetodoanythingoutoftheordinarywhenyoutellthetruth.Youjustthinkofwhatyouwanttosay,andyousayit.Actually,lyingtakesmuchmorework.Imagineyou’relatetoclassandtheteacheraskswhy.Ifyoudecidetolie,youhavetomakeupastoryonthespot,thinkaboutthevariousdirectionstheconversationmighttakeandfigureoutwhatyouneedtosaytokeepthiswholeliefromfallingapart.Youmightnotbeawareofit,butyoujustgiveyourbrainalotofextrawork.“Alotofthatbrainworkisdoneinaregioncalledtheprefrontalcortex.It’sthepartinchargeofworkingmemory,”explainsJenniferVendemia,ascientistfromtheUniversityofSouthCarolina.Workingmemorykeepssomethinginmindjustforalittlewhile,suchasrememberinginstructionsforhowtoplayagameorsomeotherspecifictasks.Itstoresthingsforonlyashortwhileasyou’reusingthem,anditdoesn’tputtheminlong-termstorage.Besidesworkingmemory,theprefrontalcortexalsotakescareoftaskssuchasplanning,problem-solvingandself-control.Scientistsdescribetheseasexecutivefunctiontasks.Executivefunctionletsyouthinkasteportwoaheadtomakesurethelieyou’retellingwilllikelyholduptoquestioning.“Spendingsomuchbrainpowertryingtokeepastorystraightmeansthere’slessavailableforotherthings,”saysVendemia.“Lyingisespeciallyharmfulforyoungpeopleastheprefrontalcortexisnotfullydevelopeduntilaroundage25.Whentheprefrontalcortexisbusywithtasksrelatedtolying,youngerpeoplehaveahardertimedoingothertasks.”Lyinghassocialcosts,too.Peoplegenerallyvaluehonestyanddon’tlikeliars.Soifpeopleviewyouasuntrustworthy,itcanbebadforyourrelationships.28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thecostsoflyingtopeople.B.Thetruemeaningofhonesty.CThebenefitsofbeingtruthful.D.Thedifficultyofbeingagoodliar.29.Whyisalyingstudentmentionedinthesecondparagraph?A.Toproveaconcept B.Tointroduceatopic.C.Toprovidethebackground. D.Togiveanexample.30.Whichofthefollowingisthefunctionofworkingmemory?A.Rememberingalife-longlesson.B.Storinginformationforashorttime.C.Pushingoneselftofacedifficulties.D.Processinginformationinthebrain.31.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thereasonswhypeoplelie.B.Theharmfuleffectsoflying.C.Thepartofbraininchargeoflying.D.Thewaystoavoidbeingcaughtlying.【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细阐述了撒谎的众多危害。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mostpeopledon’tlieverymuch.Itmakessense.Bybeinghonestwithpeople,younotonlybuildupgoodwill,butalsosavealotofbrainpowersinceyourbraindoesn’thavetodoanythingoutoftheordinarywhenyoutellthetruth.Youjustthinkofwhatyouwanttosay,andyousayit.(大多数人都不怎么说谎。这很有道理。通过对人诚实，你不仅建立了善意，而且还节省了大量的脑力，因为当你说真话时，你的大脑不必做任何不寻常的事情。你只要想好你想说什么，然后说出来)”可知，这一段主要写了诚实的好处。故选C项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Actually,lyingtakesmuchmorework.Imagineyou’relatetoclassandtheteacheraskswhy.Ifyoudecidetolie,youhavetomakeupastoryonthespot,thinkaboutthevariousdirectionstheconversationmighttakeandfigureoutwhatyouneedtosaytokeepthiswholeliefromfallingapart.Youmightnotbeawareofit,butyoujustgiveyourbrainalotofextrawork.“Alotofthatbrainworkisdoneinaregioncalledtheprefrontalcortex.It’sthepartinchargeofworkingmemory,”explainsJenniferVendemia,ascientistfromtheUniversityofSouthCarolina.(事实上，说谎需要付出更多的努力。想象一下，你上课迟到了，老师问你为什么。如果你决定说谎，你必须当场编一个故事，想想谈话可能会发生的不同方向，想清楚你需要说什么才能让整个谎言不被揭穿。你可能没有意识到这一点，但你只是给了你的大脑很多额外的工作。“很多大脑工作都是在前额皮质区域完成的。这是负责工作记忆的部分，”南卡罗来纳大学的科学家詹妮弗·文德米亚解释说)”都是举例说明。由此推知，作者用学生撒谎这个例子来支持其论点：撒谎需要付出更多的努力。故选D项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Workingmemorykeepssomethinginmindjustforalittlewhile,suchasrememberinginstructionsforhowtoplayagameorsomeotherspecifictasks.Itstoresthingsforonlyashortwhileasyou’reusingthem,anditdoesn’tputtheminlong-termstorage.(工作记忆只会把一些事情记住一小段时间，比如记住如何玩游戏或其他特定任务的说明。它只能在你使用的时候短暂地储存东西，而且不能长期储存)”可知，工作记忆只能在短时间内存储信息。故选B项。【31题详解】主旨大意。第一段“Mostpeopledon’tlieverymuch.Itmakessense.Bybeinghonestwithpeople,younotonlybuildupgoodwill,butalsosavealotofbrainpowersinceyourbraindoesn’thavetodoanythingoutoftheordinarywhenyoutellthetruth.Youjustthinkofwhatyouwanttosay,andyousayit.(大多数人都不怎么说谎。这很有道理。通过对人诚实，你不仅建立了善意，而且还节省了大量的脑力，因为当你说真话时，你的大脑不必做任何不寻常的事情。你只要想好你想说什么，然后说出来)”是说诚实的好处，而二、三和四段从不同角度说撒谎的危害。由此可知，本文主要讲述了说谎的有害影响。故选B项。DHaveyouevernoticedthatthestarssometimesappearbrighterinDecember,JanuaryandFebruary?There'salinkbetweencoldairandthenightlights."Partofitisthatittendstobedrierinthewinter,"saidDianeTumshek,anastronomeratCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Eventhoughit'sinvisible,moisturecanchangethewaylightmovesthroughtheair.Andinthesummer,moisturecanmakestarsappearmoredull.Airtemperatureisalsowhatputsthetwinkletwinkleinthelittlestars."Evenonveryclearnights,someoftheatmosphereiscooler,andsomeoftheatmosphereiswarmer,”saidTumshek,whoalsoworkswiththeAlleghenyObservatory.Andwhenthelightfromastarpassesthroughthosebubblesofvaryingtemperatures,"itbendsandshiftsthelight,sothatweareseeingstarsappeartodanceortwinkle,”shesaid.ForstarloversintheUnitedStates,there'sanotherfactorthatcomesintoplayforbrightwinterstars,althoughthisisamatterofcoincidence.DuringEarth'sjourneyaroundthesun,“therearejustsimplymorebrightstarsvisiblefromtheNorthernHemisphereinthewintersky,"Tumsheksaid.Ifyoureallywanttoseeashinystar,justtrytofindaburningballofgascalledSiriusnearthehorizon.At8.6light-yearsaway,SiriusisrelativelyclosetoEarthandthebrighteststarvisibleinthenightsky.Itisalsolarge—nearlytwiceasbigasoursunand20timesasbright.Sothiswinter,whentheworldturnscoldanditseemslikeweshouldbespendingmoretimeindoors,consideraskinganadulttogoexploringoutside.Withawarmcoatandaclearsky,anynightcanbeturnedintoatreasurehunt.Allyouhavetodoislookup.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dull"inParagraph1probablymean?A.notshiny B.notexciting C.notsevere D.notsmart33.Howdoesairtemperatureinfluencethebrightnessofstars?A.Bychangingthebubblesaroundthem. B.Byputtingthetwinkletwinkleinthem.C.Byvaryingthedirectionofthelightfromthem. D.Bymakingthestarsdanceandtwinkleinthesky.34.WhatdoweknowaboutSirius?A.Itcanbefoundatanynight. B.Itis20timesasbrightasthesun.C.Itisaburningandshinyball. D.ItisclosertoEarththanotherstars,35.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toadvocatestargazinginwinter, B.Tocallonpeopletofocusonstars.C.Topresentnewresearchresultsaboutstars. D.Toexplainwhystarsaremorevisibleinwinter.【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么在冬天星星看起来更加明亮，说明了会影响星星亮度的一些因素。【32题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中“HaveyouevernoticedthatthestarssometimesappearbrighterinDecember,JanuaryandFebruary?(你有没有注意到，星星有时在12月、1月和2月显得更亮？)”以及画线词上文“Andinthesummer,moisturecanmakestarsappearmore”可知，星星在冬天会显得更加亮，因此相对应的，夏天因为水分的原因星星就显得不那么闪亮了。画线词意思为“不闪亮”,与notshiny同义。故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Airtemperatureisalsowhatputsthetwinkletwinkleinthelittlestars."Evenonveryclearnights,someoftheatmosphereiscooler,andsomeoftheatmosphereiswarmer,”saidTumshek,whoalsoworkswiththeAlleghenyObservatory.Andwhenthelightfromastarpassesthroughthosebubblesofvaryingtemperatures,"itbendsandshiftsthelight,sothatweareseeingstarsappeartodanceortwinkle,”shesaid.(气温也是小星星一闪一闪的原因。在阿勒格尼天文台工作的Tumshek说:“即使在非常晴朗的夜晚，有些大气会更凉爽，有些大气会更温暖。当恒星发出的光穿过这些温度不同的气泡时，它会弯曲和改变光，所以我们看到的星星似乎在跳舞或闪烁”)”可知，空气温度通过改变恒星发出的光的方向来影响恒星的亮度。故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“At8.6light-yearsaway,SiriusisrelativelyclosetoEarthandthebrighteststarvisibleinthenightsky.Itisalsolarge—nearlytwiceasbigasoursunand20timesasbright.(天狼星距离地球8.6光年，它相对较近，是夜空中可见的最亮的恒星。它也很大——几乎是太阳的两倍大，亮度是太阳的20倍)”可知，小天狼星的亮度是太阳的20倍。故选B。35题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“HaveyouevernoticedthatthestarssometimesappearbrighterinDecember,JanuaryandFebruary?(你有没有注意到，星星有时在12月、1月和2月显得更亮？)”结合文章主要解释了为什么在冬天星星看起来更加明亮，说明了会影响星星亮度的一些因素。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释为什么星星在冬天更容易看见。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Poetryhashealingpowers.Togetmorejoyandpeace,wedon’thavetobeaprofessionalpoetbutwecandevelopapoeticmindset(心态).___36___Beinawe(敬畏)ofeverything.Thepoeticmindsetstartswiththeideathatnothingisanaccident.Everythingisinterrelatedandplaysapartinagreaterwhole.___37___Closeyoureyes.Nowopenthem.Whatisthefirstthingyousee?Lookcloser.Askyourself:Whatdoesitlooklike?Whatdoesitremindyouof?Doesitbringhappythoughtsorsadones?Why?Ibetyourrandomlyselectedobjectisfullofmeaning.___38___Apoemisaplacewhereyoucanpouroutyourhardfeelings.Don’tbeafraid.Youcanalwaysthrowthepageintothefireplaceonceyou’vefilledit.___39___Poetrycanbeastoreroomforeverythingdifficultinyourlife.Butthere’smore,IfindwhenIwriteaboutsomethingI’mstrugglingwith,mynegativefeelingbeginstobecomeweaker.Seekwhatinspiresyou.Lifeisn’tperfect,butyoucanlivewithloveandtrustanyway.___40___Thereisalwaysgoodnesstobefoundonceyoutrainyourselftolookforit.Poetrytomeisaformofpraise.IbuildpoemsfromthingsIsee,peopleImeetandthoughtsandfeelingsfounddeepinside.AsIpresentthosetreasuresinpoeticlanguage,Iamappreciatingwhatisgoodinthem.A.Letpainbeyourteacher.B.Howcanwemanageitinaneasyway?C.Whatarethestepsofwritingagoodpoem?D.Poetryhelpsusrememberthisimportantwisdom.E.Orsealitinanenvelopeandcomebacktoitlater.F.Writingapoemisaboutdescribingyourinnerworldvividly.G.Therefore,everythingdeservesnoticeandevenappreciation.【答案】36.B37.G38.A39.E40.D【解析】【导语】这一篇说明文。诗歌有治愈功能，尽管我们不能成为专业的诗人，但是我们可以培养诗人的心态，文章主要介绍了几种培养诗人心态的方法。【36题详解】根据空前“Togetmorejoyandpeace,wedon’thavetobeaprofessionalpoetbutwecandevelopapoeticmindset(心态).(想要获得更多的乐趣和宁静，我们不需要成为一个专业的诗人，但是我们可以培养诗人的心态。