2021高考人教版英语二轮专题复习《统考版》40分阅读理解提分练（三）

40分阅读理解提分练(三)阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A[2020·太原市高三模拟试题]GreatinventorslikeThomasEdisonhaveinfluencedpeople'sliveswiththeirinventions.Whiletheircontributionsarecertainlyvaluable,otheramazinginventionswereactuallycreatedbychildren!ThetrampolineTrampolinesaregreatforbothfunandexercise,buttheyareafairlyrecentinvention.Inthe1930s,GeorgeNissenwasinspiredtomakeabouncy“net”afterseeingacircusperformance.Hethoughtitmoreentertainingforperformerstocontinuebouncinginsteadoflandinginanet.So,attheageof16,hemadeitbystretchingthickclothinametalframe.ThePopsicleColdweatherledtothecreationofadeliciousinvention—thePopsicle.FrankEppersonwasjust11yearsoldwhenheaccidentallycreatedhisfirstPopsicle.Hewasmakinghimselfasodadrinkandlefthisglassoutsideovernight.Whenhefounditinthemorning,ithadfrozensolidwiththestir(搅拌)stickstillintheglass.AndthefirstPopsiclewasborn.BrailleThree­year­oldLouisBrailleexperiencedaseriouseyeinjurythatblindedhiminbotheyes.Hestruggledtoreadbymovinghisfingersacrossraisedletters,butthatprovedverydifficult.Attheageoftwelve,Louislearnedaboutamunicationsystemwheremessagescouldbereadsilentlywithfingertips.HechangeditandcreatedBraille.It'snowusedaroundtheworld!BEACONWhenHannahHerbstwasjust14yearsold,shewasnamedAmerica'sTopYoungScientistforinventingadevicecalledBEACON.AfterreceivingaletterfromherEthiopianpenpal,Hannahwasinspiredtocreateadevicethatcouldconverttheenergyfromoceanwavesintoelectricitywhichshehopeswillhelppeoplewithouteasyaccesstoelectricity.1．Whichoftheinventionsgreatlybenefitstheblind?A．Thetrampoline.B．ThePopsicle.C．Braille.D．BEACON.2．Whowasawardedanationaltitleforhis/herinvention?A．GeorgeNissen.B．FrankEpperson.C．LouisBraille.D．HannahHerbst.3．Whatdothechildinventorshaveinmon?A．Theywereallawardedfortheiramazinginventions.B．Theyallmadeimprovementsonpreviousinventions.C．Theywereallteenagerswhentheymadetheirinventions.D．Theyallinventedgreatthingsthatinfluencepeople'slives.B[2020·郑州高三第一次质测]Iftherewasasubjectatschoolthatmademeanxious,itwasscience.Maybethat'sbecauseinmytenthgrade,Icouldn'tunderstandmyphysicsteacher'sinstructions,causingmetoaccidentallysetfiretotheclassroom.So,whenmyhusbandandIdecidedtohomeschoolourdaughters,wemadeadeal:hewouldteachscience,whileIwouldhandleeverythingelse.Butthat'snothowthingshavebeengoingthesepastfewweeks,sincemyhusbandhasbeentoobusytoteachthegirls.Recently,whileoutonmymorninghikebeforestartinglessons,Inoticedthattheskywasabeautifulblue,andtheairwasfilledwiththesweetsmellofflowers.That'swhyIdecidedthattheday'slessonswouldbetaughtoutside,althoughIrememberedthatmydaughtershadn'thadanyscienceclassesfrommyhusbandforawhile.Ireturnedtothehousetogetthegirlsready.Weheadedupintotheforest,settlingourselvesbyapondthatrarelyhasanyvisitors.MydaughterSaoirsestartedtopickuppondweedandcatchfrogs,whilemyotherdaughterUlalookedatme,waitingtobeinstructed.Ihandedheradrawingboardandcoloredpencils.“Wewait，”Itoldher,“andseeifsomethingesalong.Inthemeantime,justdrawwhat'saroundyou.”Weworkedformorethananhour,hardlyspeaking.Abirdflewacrossthewater,andthensettledinfrontofafallentree.IquicklytoldUla,worryingthatshe'dnotseenthecreature.Butshehad,andshestarteddrawingit.Anhourlater,shefinishedherpictureandIstareddownatit.Shedrewthebirdonherpaperwithamazingaccuracy.Buttherewasoneotherinterestingfactaboutthisdrawing:shealsodrewme,sittingbesideher.Irealized,asIstaredatthischild'sdrawingofuswatchingabird,howI'dlivedfor40years,received10yearsofhighereducation,andneverunderstoodthefoundationofsciencebeforethismoment.Thefoundationofscienceisasenseofwonder;itisn'taboutaccuratelyrecitingwordsfromatextbook.Itisfirstandforemostaboutsteppingoutsideourbusylivesandbeingamazedattheworldaroundus.4.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutsciencewheninschool?A．Shewasnervousaboutit.B．Shewasfondofit.C．Shewasconfusedaboutit.D．Shewaseagerforit.5．Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4refersto“________”．A．thefallentreeB．theforestC．thebirdD．thepicture6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesUla?A．She'sveryoutgoing.B．She'sgoodatobserving.C．She'sveryhard­working.D．Shesharesinterestswithhersister.7．Whatisthefoundationofscienceintheauthor'sopinion?A．Attentiontoaccuracy.B．Curiosityabouttheoutsideworld.C．Determinationtofindoutthetruth.D．Theabilitytounderstandteachers'instructions.C[2020·河北省高三六校联考]“ThefactthatthesmokereachedSãoPauloandblackenedanafternoonproveshowunusualthefiresthatburninthecountrysideofBrazilare，”RicardoMello,headoftheWorldWideFundforNature's(WWF)Amazonprogram,said.ThelatestfigureseatatimeofinternationalprotestagainsttheinactionofPresidentJairBolsonaro'sadministration.InJuly,Brazil'sNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showeddatatothepublic,whichindicatedthattherehadbeenasignificantriseindeforestation(毁林)rates.Particularly,thefiguresshowedthatinJuly2019,deforestationhadincreasednearly300percentinparisontothesamemonthin2018.Environmentalistsarebeingincreasinglyconcerned,accusingthegovernmentofencouragingdeforestationandthosewhowanttomakeuseoftheforestformercialgain.Duringhistimeinpower,Bolsonarohasmovedtorobsomepowerofgovernmentagenciesthatareresponsibleforprotectingtherainforestaswellasregulationscoveringnativelandsandnaturereserves.BolsonaroseesthesekindsofregulationsasadragoneconomicgrowthintheAmazonregion.FireintheAmazonisusedasatechniquetoclearlandforagriculture.“Farmersclearcutlandtomakewayforagriculture,andthenwaitforthedryseasontosetfiretoclearthelandsotheycanplant，”Mellosaid.“It'slikelythatalloftheseforestfiresaredeliberatelysetbyhumans.”NowitisthedryseasonintheAmazon,whichmeansconditionsinmanypartsoftherainforestaresuitableforthefirestospreadoverlargeareas.“Itisveryunlikelythatthosefiresbreakoutnaturally，”Mellosaid.“Itisimportanttorememberthat2019isnotastrongElNiñoyear.WhenwehavestrongElNiños,weathergetsdrierinthenorthernpartofBrazilandthisfavorsfires.Thisisnotthecaseof2019.”8．Whyaredeforestationfiguresof2018and2019pared?A．ToshareknowledgeoftheAmazonforest.B．ToshowhowtheBrazilpresidentgoverns.C．Tostresstheseriousnessofdeforestation.D．Toexpresstheangerofenvironmentalists.9．WhatdoesPresidentBolsonarodofordeforestation?A．Weakeningrelevantgovernmentagencies.B．Encouragingthefightformercialgain.C．Usingtechniquestoclearlandforagriculture.D．Defendingregulationsaboutnaturereserves.10．WhataretheweatherconditionsoftheAmazonwhenthefiresbreakout?A．They'refitforfirestobreakoutnaturally.B．TheAmazonexperiencesthedryseason.C．They'repossibleforfirestospreadeverywhere.D．TheAmazonisjustinastrongElNiñoyear.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．JairBolsonaro'sAdministrationWasAccusedB．FarmersClearedAmazonC．UnusualRainforestFires:EffectsonHealthandWeatherD．AmazonFires:PossiblyLinkedtoEnvironmentalPoliciesD[2020·青岛高三练习诊断]Hybridcarsarecarsthatrunonbothpetrolandelectricity.Theyeachhaveasmallstandardpetrolengineandabatteryandanelectricmotortoprovideelectricalpower.Therearesomedifferencesbetweendifferentmodelsofhybridcars,butthegeneralprincipleisthatthecarrunsonpetrol,andtheelectricmotorkicksinwhenadditionalpowerisrequired,forexamplewhengoinguphilloraccelerating.Insomehybridcarsthepetrolengineturnsitselfoffwhennotneeded,forexamplewhenthecarhasstoppedattrafficlights,keepingonlytheelectricenginerunning.Conventionalcarshavelargeenginestocopewithdrivinguphillandaccelerating.Mostofthetime,thishighenginecapacityisnotneeded,buttheenginecontinuesburningupfuel.Hybridcarshavemuchsmallerpetrolengines,boostedbyelectricmotorswhenneeded,sotheyuselesspetrol.Hybridcarsarealsolighterandaerodynamically(空气动力学地)designedforgreaterfuelefficiency.Anotherwaythatfuelconsumptioniscutisbyasystemof“regenerativebraking(刹车)”.Theelectricmotorisusedtoslowdownthecar,ratherthanconventionalbrakes.Theenergyproducedbytheslowingcaristransformedintoelectricalpower,whichisautomaticallystoredinthebattery.Ineffect,thebatteryrechargeswhenyoubrake.Inconventionalcarstheenergyproducedwhenthecarsarebrakingiswasted.Carmanufacturersandengineershavebeenexperimentingwithelectricandhybridcarssincethelate19thcentury.In1898FerdinandPorschebuiltanexperimentalhybridcarthatusedbothaninternalburningengineandelectricmotors.Thefirstmass­producedhybridcar,theToyotaPrius,cameoutinJapanattheendof1997.However,hybridcarsbecameavailableintheUSAonlyin1999,whentheHondaInsightwentonsale.Astheyuselessfuel,hybridcarsarecheapertorun.Therearealsomanyinitiativesinplacetoencouragepeopletobuythem.Insomecountries,hybridcarownerspayalowerrateoftax,anddon'thavetopayoncertaintollroads(收费公路).Insomecitiesaroundtheworld,hybridcarsareallowedtoparkforfree.12．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．Hybridcarsdon'tneedpetrolanymore.B．Thepetrolengineandtheelectricmotorworkalltheway.C．Hybridcarsmainlydependonelectricalpowertorun.D．Somehybridcarpetrolengineswillquitwhenunnecessary.13．WhichisNOTthereasonwhyhybridcarsconsumelessenergy?A．Smallerpetrolengines.B．Scientificdesign.C．Conventionalbrakes.D．Energystorage.14．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Hybridcarsarecheapertobuy.B．Hybridcarownersdon'thavetopaytax.C．Hybridcarownersdon'tneedtopaytheparkingfee.D．Hybridcarswillhaveabrightfuture.15．What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Toadvertisehybridcars.B．Tointroducehybridcars.C．Topareconventionalcarsandhybridcars.D．Toinformthedevelopmentofhybridcars.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2020·临沂市高三下学期模拟]LifeinDeathValleyDeathValleyisahugeplace,extendingmorethan225kilometersacrossthesouthernpartofCaliforniaintotheneighboringstateofNevada.Asbeautifulasthisplaceis,itsnameprovidesevidenceofveryrealdanger.__16__Ithasnearly1.4millionhectaresofdesertandmountainsthatreachmorethan3,000metersintothesky.DeathValleycanbedangerouslycoldduringthewintermonths.Stormsinthemountainscancausesuddenfloodsonthefloorofthevalley.But,duringsummermonths,theairtemperaturehasbeenashighas57degreesCelsius.__17__TheextremeheatofDeathValleyhasoncekilledpeople.InmanyareasofDeathValley,itiseasytoseewherethegroundhasbeenpushedupviolentlybymovementdeepintheEarth.Thishascreatedunusualandbeautifulrockformations,withcolorsofred,brown,gray,yellowandblack.InotherpartsofDeathValley,therearelinesintherock.Thelinesareevidenceofthepastpresenceofwater.__18__MuchofDeathValleyisflatandextremelydry.Insomeareasthegroundisnothingbutsalt.However,itwouldbewrongtothinkthatnothinglivesinDeathValley.__19__Wildflowersgrowveryquicklyafterevenasmallamountofrain.SeveralkindsofbirdsliveinDeathValley.Visitorsmightseethedog­likeanimalcalledthecoyote,orwildbighornsheep,orotheranimalslikethedeserttortoise.Throughouthistory,NativeAmericansfoundwaystosurviveinDeathValley.Rockartandotherremainsshowthathumanslivedinthevalleyasfarbackas9000yearsago.Nowadays,morethanonemillionpeoplevisititeachyear.__20__Thesunslowlyturnsthevalleyagoldcolorthatdeepenstoasoftbrown,thenchangestoadarkred.Asnightes,themountainsturnadarkpurplecolor,thenblack.A．Thevalleyisfulloflife.B．Thesettingsunisvisitors'favorite.C．Imageshereseemtochangeeachminute.D．DeathValleyisaplaceofstrangeandsilentbeauty.E．DeathValleydoesn'tforgivethosewhoarenotcareful.F．DeathValleyisalandofbeautifulyetdangerousextremes.G．Theareawasdeepunderanoceanformanythousandsofyears.40分阅读理解提分练(三)第一节A语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——发明创造——小小发明家[文章大意]像爱迪生那样的大发明家发明的东西对人们的生活产生了很大的影响，但是实际上也有一些改变人们生活的东西是由孩子们发明的。本文重点介绍了孩子们的四种发明。1．答案与解析：C考查细节理解。由题干关键词“benefitstheblind”定位至第四段，根据该段内容特别是最后两句“HechangeditandcreatedBraille.It'snowusedaroundtheworld！”可知，Braille这个发明对盲人极为有益。故C项正确。2．答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据尾段第一句“WhenHannahHerbstwasjust14yearsold,shewasnamedAmerica'sTopYoungScientistforinventingadevicecalledBEACON.”可知，HannahHerbst在14岁时，因发明了一种名为BEACON的装置而被称为美国顶级青年科学家。故D项正确。3．答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“haveinfluencedpeople'slives”和“otheramazinginventions”并通读第二段至第五段可推知，孩子们的四种发明——蹦床、棒冰、盲文、海浪发电装置都很棒，它们影响了人们的生活。故D项正确。B语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我——个人经历——有关自然科学学习的新认识[文章大意]上学的时候，作者总是对自然科学感到担心，然而成年后和女儿们一起到户外学习的经历使作者认识到：学习自然科学的基础是对外界的好奇心。4．答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段，尤其是第一句“Iftherewasasubjectatschoolthatmademeanxious,itwasscience”可知，作者在上学时对学习自然科学感到焦虑。5．答案与解析：C考查代词指代。根据第四段第二、三句“Abirdflewacrossthewater...worryingthatshe'dnotseenthecreature”可知，一只鸟飞过水面，然后停留在一棵倒下的树前，作者赶紧告诉Ula，担心她没有看到那只鸟，并结合画线词所在句中的“Butshehad”可知，她看到了那只鸟并开始画它，故代词it指代那只鸟。6．答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Shedrewthebirdonherpaperwithamazingaccuracy.Buttherewasoneotherinterestingfactaboutthisdrawing:shealsodrewme,sittingbesideher”可知，Ula以惊人的准确性在纸上画了那只鸟，而且还画了坐在她旁边的作者，由此可推知，Ula擅长观察。7．答案与解析：B考查观点态度。根据第五段的内容，尤其是第二句中的“Thefoundationofscienceisasenseofwonder”以及尾句中的“beingamazedattheworldaroundus”可知，作者认为学习自然科学的基础是对外界的好奇心。C语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——人与环境——巴西热带雨林火灾[文章大意]文章介绍了巴西热带雨林火灾的原因。8．答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“InJuly,Brazil'sNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showeddatetothepublic,whichindicatedthattherehadbeenasignificantriseindeforestation(毁林)rates.Particularly,thefiguresshowedthatinJuly2019,deforestationhadincreasednearly300percentinparisontothesamemonthin2018.”可以推断，对比数据的目的是强调森林被破坏的严重性。9．答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Duringhistimeinpower,Bolsonarohasmovedtorobsomepower