人教版中考英语课件（广东专版）第一部分第六节介词和介词短语

2024年中考英语课件广东专版第一部分语法突破第六节介词和介词短语介词属于虚词,不能单独使用,后面需接名词、代词(宾格)、动名词,构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。介词5年5考。一、常用介词的比较1.表示时间的介词序号介词用法例子(1)at用于具体的钟点时刻前,或固定搭配①

noon

②

autumn

③

the21stcentury

④

Thursdayevening

⑤

acoldmorning

⑥

ChristmasEve

in用于一段时间、星期、月、季、年、世纪、四季或泛指的上午、下午或晚上on用在星期几,具体的某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或节日前atininononon序号介词用法例子(2)past表示“过了……”(在0~30分钟内)①It’s

(10点10分).

②Themeetingwillbeginat

_____________(9点50分).

to表示“还差……”(大于30分钟)(3)in用于将来时,也用于回答“howsoon”提问的问句,后面接时间段①Mysisterwillbeback______

aweek.

②Mysistercameback________

aweek.

after多用于一般过去时,后面可接时间段或具体时间before表示“在……之前”Youshouldgotobedbefore10o’clock.tenpasttententoteninafter序号介词用法例子(4)during+时间段,意为“在……期间”,与延续性的动词连用表示某期间的动作Therestaurantisopenduringtheday.untilnot…until为固定搭配,意为“直到……为止；直到……才”Shedoesn’tgotobeduntil12o’clock.since“自从”,后跟时间点或句子,用于现在完成时Hehaslivedheresince2001.2.表示地点的介词序号介词用法例子(1)at接小地方①Mybrotherworks

thefactory.

②Hearrived

Beijingyesterday.

③Shanghailies

theeastofChina.

in接大地方；在某范围内at/ininin序号介词用法例子(2)above表示“以上”两者是一对反义词,都可以表示“(数量、位置等)在……以上/以下”①Thetemperaturewillbe__________

(在……以上)zero.

②Pleasewriteyourname

(在……以下)theline.

③Thebookisforchildren__________

(在……以下)six.

④Thereisalamp(灯)

(在……正上方)thetable.

below表示“以下”over表示“以上”两者是一对反义词,都可以表示“(数量、位置等)在……以上/以下或正上方/正下方”under表示“以下”abovebelowunderover序号介词用法例子(3)across表示“横跨”,即从表面通过①Theoldmancanswim_______

theriver.

②Theywalked

theforest.

③Hewalked

thepostoffice.

through表示“穿过”,即从内部穿过past表示“从……旁边经过”(4)between用于两者之间①ThePacificOceanis_________

AsiaandAmerica.

②Look！MissLiissitting______

thetenstudents.

among表示“在……中间”,用于三者或三者以上的acrossthroughpastbetweenamong3.表示方式、手段等的介词介词用法例子by表示方式、手段、交通工具等(1)Herelaxeshimself________________

listeningtomusic.

on表示“依靠……”或通过电子方式等(2)Hisgrandmadoesthewashing______

herown.

with表示“用……工具”或“用人体的部位”；without没有,缺乏(3)Iliketowrite

mylefthand.

in表示用方法、材料、声音、语言等(4)Pleasetellthestory_______________

English.

through表示“用,通过……方式”,后接抽象名词(5)Sheachievedgreatsuccess__________

hardwork.

byonwithinthrough4.表示运动方向的介词序号介词用法例子(1)up指向上运动①Thecatclimbed

(向上)thetree.

②Tomfell

fromthetree.

=Tomfell

thetree.

down指向下运动off表示“从……离开”“从……掉下来”updownoff序号介词用法例子(2)into指对内的运动,表示“进入……之内”“到……里面去”,常与表示动作的动词如come,go,run,fall,rush等连用①Thechildfell

theriver.

②Heran

theroomjustnow.

③Samgot

thehousewhentherewasafire.

outof指对外的运动,表示“从……里面出来”intointo/outofoutof5.表示其他意义的介词序号介词用法例子(1)against表示“倚靠,碰撞,反对,对抗,以防”①Wewillplay

theLakersthisweek.

②Allthebuildingsareexcellent

thisone.

③Allthebuildingsareexcellent

theirlocation(位置).

④Hehasanothercar_________

this.

(2)except表示“除……以外”,所排除的内容与主语往往是同一类的(3)exceptfor所排除的内容与主语往往非同一类的(4)besides表示“除……以外”还有,所接内容与主语是同类againstexceptexceptforbesides二、易错点突破1.容易误用介词的情况(1)在here,there,home,upstairs,downstairs等副词前不加介词。(2)在以this,that,last,next,every,one等开头的时间状语前不加介词。(3)在today,yesterday,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow等时间状语前不加介词。2.介词后面的宾语介词后面的宾语通常是名词、代词(宾格)或动名词。如：(1)谢谢你的帮助。Thanksfor

.

(2)对我来说,完成这项任务很困难。It’sdifficultfor

tofinishthetask.

(3)她擅长讲故事。Sheisgoodat

.

yourhelpmetellingstories3.表示地点的介词in,on和

to的区别(1)in表示“在……范围内”,还表示“在……之中”。如：中国在亚洲东部。Chinais

theeastofAsia.

(2)on表示“与……毗邻,接壤”,还有表示“在……之上”,强调和表面接触。如：广东省在广西的东南边。GuangdongProvinceis____________thesoutheastofGuangxi.

(3)to表示方位,不接壤。如：HaikouliestothesouthofGuangzhou.海口在广州的南边。日本在中国的东边。Japanis

theeastofChina.

inonto4.表示交通方式的介词by,in和on的区别(1)当不涉及表示交通工具的名词时,或当直接加表示交通工具的单数名词时,用介词by,如bysea,byair,byplane,bybus。(2)当表示交通工具的名词前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语时用介词on或in,如onmybike,inacar等。如：①Heusuallygoestoschool

hisfather’scar.

②Igotowork

No.138buseveryday.

③It’sconvenienttogettoXiamen

trainfromhere.

inonby一、介词和介词短语在语法选择中的考查介词和介词短语在语法选择中主要考查固定搭配以及介词的具体意思。1.(2023·广东中考·34题)Theyhadatasteofwhatitwasliketotravel

space.

A.on

B.in

C.forB满分突破2.(2022·广东中考·31题)Shewasbornandraised

avillageinHebeiprovince.

A.in

B.for

C.with3.(2021·广州中考·4题)Ifeelverysorry

him.

A.of

B.on

C.for

D.withAC4.(2021·广东中考·34题)Thebridgeruns

twomountains.

A.at

B.under

C.among

D.between5.(2020·广州·6题)Early

asunnymorning,Davidandhisdonkeysstopatarivertodrink.

A.in

B.on

C.at

D.forDB6.(2020·广东中考·31题)Oneday,herteacherwentintotheclassroom

somekites.

A.to

B.in

C.with

D.byC二、介词和介词短语在短文填空中的考查介词和介词短语在短文填空中主要考查固定搭配以及根据上下文意思确定所缺介词。1.(2023·广东中考·70题)Astimewent

,theformsoftoothbrusheschanged.

2.(2022·广东中考·69题)Teaismostlyproduced

AsiancountrieslikeChinaandIndia.

it

either

be

because

what

else

by

invent

clean

popular

habit

hundredby

in3.(2021·广东中考·67题)HeisWilliam,anAmericanwhohaslivedinChina

33years.HisChinesenameisPanWeilian.

4.(2020·广东中考·67题)Janetookpartinawintercamp________

theageofeight.

forat(

)1.—

mysurprise,therestaurantisaactuallyverynice.

—Theserviceisalsogreat.(2023·十堰市)A.In B.At C.On D.ToD真题链接(

)2.ThefourpandasinChongqingZoowerebornonthesameday

2019.

(2023·青海省)A.on B.at

C.inC(

)3.Bees(蜜蜂)canhelpplantsgrow.

bees,wewouldn’thaveenoughfood.

(2023·东营市)A.From B.Like C.Except

D.WithoutD(

)4.Thetravellerssetoutfortheairport

7o’clockinthemorning.(2023·盘锦市)

A.on B.to

C.at

D.of(

)5.Noonehelpedme.Ididitall

myself.(2023·徐州市)

A.for B.of C.by D.aboutCC(

)6.—Where’sJenny？Ican’tseeher.—Maybesheishiding

thedoor.(2023·益阳市)

A.under

B.between C.behindC(

)7.MyfathergoesbacktoNanjingfortheSpringFestivaleveryyear

lastyearbecausehewasbusywithhisworkinChangzhou.(2023·常州市)

A.including B.since C.except

D.tillC(

)8.Thetwenty-fourthOlympicWinterGameswereheld

February2nd,2022.Manypeoplewatchedthem

TV.(2023·甘南自治州)

A.in；on

B.in；in C.on；onC(

)9.Dowhateveryoucanforthecommunity,

lookingaftertheoldorteachingkidsart.(2023·安徽省)

A.with

B.under

C.like

D.over(

)10.

theteacher’shelp,Ihavemademuchprogress.(2023·丹东市)

A.ThankstoB.Asfor C.Suchas D.UptoCA语法选择(主要考查介词)(2023·河源市一模改编)

Asacaptain,Messiledhisnationalfootballteamtowinthe2022WorldCup.Hebecameoneofthe

1

footballplayersintheworld.

模拟突破 Messiwasborn

2

June24,1987inArgentina.However,hischildhoodwasunusual,

3

hehadaspecialdiseasewhichstoppedhimfromgrowingtall.Itwassuchbadnewstohimandhisfamily.ButMessinevergave

4

training.ThankstoMessi’stalent

5

football,Barcelona(巴塞罗那)Clubwantedtopaythecostoftreatment.Messiandhisfather

6

hometogotoSpain.

Afterlong-termtreatments,Messigrewto1.69metersin2003.Thenheshowedexcellenttalentinplayingfootballandscoredgoalsfor

7

club.In2005,MessiwontheEuropeanGoldenBoy.Hehelpedhiscountrywinthegoldmedalin2008BeijingOlympicGames.In2009,Messi

8

tobetheWorldFootballeroftheYear.UntilheleftBarcelona,hehelpedh