高考英语-高中英语-非谓语动词-总结复习

动词的非谓语形式1.Thegirl___________(dance)intheclassroomnow.学会判断何时使用非谓语动词2.Thegirl___________(dance)intheclassroomnowand

shelooksveryconfident.3.Thegirl_________（dance)intheclassroomnowlooks

veryconfident.4.Thegirlwho___________(dance)intheclassroomnow

looksveryconfident.isdancingisdancingdancingisdancing总结：一个句子中已经有一个谓语动词，又没有连词的情况下，另一个动词需要用非谓语动词。非谓语动词动名词:doing分词现在分词:doing过去分词:done动词不定式：todo非谓语动词的基本形式

时态

主动语态

被动语态

不定式一般时进行时完成时一般时完成时过去分词V-ing非谓语时态和语态todo（主动，将来）tobedoing（主动，进行）tohavedone（主动，完成）doing（主动，进行）having

done（主动，完成）tobedone（被动，将来）tohavebeendone（被动，完成）beingdone（被动，进行）havingbeendone（被动，完成）

done

vt.（被动，完成）

done

vi.（状态）

非谓语动词不同的时态和语态非谓语动词的句法作用非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√分词√√√√非谓语动词的句法口诀不定式本领强,六种成分都能当。动名词不示弱，主宾表定用得上。两分词互不让，表定状补争亮相。todo特指具体某一次动作doing表示一般的抽象的泛指概念非谓语动词做主语Playingbadmintonismydailytaskintheafternoon.Toplaybadmintonismytaskintheafternoontoday.1.有些动词后面一般只接todo做宾语非谓语动词做宾语(1)2.有些动词后面一般只接doing做宾语非谓语动词做宾语(2)3.有些动词后面既可以接todo也可以接doing,意思不一样。(1)Iregret____________(tell)thatIcannotcome.(2)Iregret____________(tell)himtheresult.totelltellingremembertodo记着要去做某事

rememberdoing记得做过某事

forgettodo忘记要做某事

forgetdoing忘记做过了某事

meantodo打算要做某事

meandoing意味着做某事

trytodo尽力去做某事

trydoing试着去做某事

regrettodo对即将要做的事感到遗憾

regretdoing后悔做过某事

stoptodo停下来去做另一件事

stopdoing停止做某事

goontodo做完一件再做另一件事

goondoing继续做同一件事can’thelptodo不能帮助做某事

can’thelpdoing情不自禁地做某事4.有些动词后既可以接todo也可以接doing,意思区别不大。非谓语动词做宾语(4)begin,start,continue,prefer,like,love,hate+todo/doing.Thewindowsneedpaintingagain/tobepaintedagain.既可接doing又可接todo作宾语，但不定式用被动式的形式；

Want,need,require,deserve+tobedone/doing.(某事需要被做)Ilikeswimmingverymuch,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.1.Ican’tstand________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.

答案working；tostop

[动词stand此处表示“忍耐；忍受”之意，后面常跟动名词作宾语；而refuse后面只能跟不定式作宾语。句意：我无法忍受和Jane在同一个办公室。她总是拒绝在工作时停止谈话。]2.LittleJimshouldlove________(take)tothetheatrethisevening.

答案tobetaken

[shouldlove后面只能跟不定式；主语是动作的承受者，所以用被动。]3.Ourclassroomneeds________(clean),whoisondutytoday?

答案cleaning/tobecleaned

[need后面跟动名词，表示主语需要承受该工作，所以用cleaning。也可用不定式的被动形式。句意：我们的教室需要被打扫一下，今天该谁值日？]4.—Thatwouldmean________(waste)alotoflabor.

—Really?Idon’tmean________(waste)anylabor.

答案wasting；towaste

[meandoing意味着……；meantodo打算做……。句意：——那将意味着浪费很多劳动力。——真的吗？我没打算浪费任何劳动力的。]5.Isn’tittimeyougotdownto________(mark)thepapers?

答案marking

[getdowntodoingsth开始着手做某事，后跟动名词作宾语，mark是主语主动发出的动作，不用被动。]

不定式作表语表示将来的，一次性的或具体的动作；或说明主语的内容。

动名词作表语表经常的，习惯性或抽象的动作；

分词作表语表示主语（物）的性质或特性；非谓语动词做表语1.Myjobistocleantheroomseveryday.2.Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.3.Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.4.Thebookiswellwritten.5.Thenewsisexicting.6.Wefeltexicted.注意1:对称原则(1)Todotwothingsatatimeis_______(do)neither.Seeingis__________(believe).注意2.不定式做表语时，如果前面有实意动词do的某种形式，作表语的不定式常省略to.(2)WhatIwanttodomostinhighschoolis________(improve)myEnglish.todobelieving(to)improve非谓语动词做宾补动词/with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动进行)动词/with＋宾语＋done(表示被动完成，或状态)动词/with＋宾语＋todo(表示主动将来，或全过程)Isawhimgointotheroom.=Hewasseentogointotheroom.Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?Ifoundhimburiedinanovel.Ifoundmynecklacegone.Iwillhavemybikerepaired.用所给词的正确形式填空1.Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow.2.Shewasheard________(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow.3.Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.4.IheardtheEnglishsong________(sing)manytimes.singtosingsingingsung用于名词后作定语时，原则是：

不定式，做后置定语，表示动作尚未发生;

动名词，做前置定语，表示物质的属性；现在分词，单个现在分词做前置定语，短语作后置定语，表示动作正在进行;

过去分词，单个过去分词做前置定语，短语作后置定语，表示动作被动、完成。非谓语动词做定语Ihavealotofthingstodo.Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear.theexperimentsdescribedinthebookareeasytoperform.Thereisaswimmingpoolinthebackyard.IgotacallsayingIwasfiredyestersay.(内容)注意1：如果不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或者代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。

(1)Ihavenoroomto____________(live).(2)Hehasnopento____________(write).注意2：不定式常用来修饰被序数词,最高级或noanyall等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系(3)Hewasthebestman__________(do)thejob.(4)Heisalwaysthefirst___________(arrive)attheschoolliveinwritewithtodotoarrive注意3：被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用todo做定语.(1)Ihavenochance________(go)sightseeing.(2)Theability____________(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.注意4：若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被动；若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式表被动.(3)Shehasasister___________(lookafter).(4)IwanttogotoBeijing.Doyouhaveanything________(buy).togotoexpresstolookaftertobebought(1)Thequestion_____________(discuss)tomorrowisveryimportant.(2)Theplayers_______(select)fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonor.(3)Ayoungteacher________(teach)Englishcametoapplyforthisposition.(4)Thehouses_________(built)nowarefortheteachers.tobediscussedselectedteachingbeingbuilt非谓语动词做状语HehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolenTomakehimselfheard,heraisedhisvoiceWewereastonishedtofindtheresult.动词不定式可作目的、结果、原因状语。分词可作时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随状语。Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.Comingintotheroom,hefoundhisfatherangry.Beingtired,theywentonworking.Pleasemakeasentenceusingthisword.注意1：现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别现在分词作结果状语表示“自然而然的或意料之中的”结果。不定式作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果。如：(1)Hisparentsdiedwhenhewasveryyoung,leavinghimanorphan.他父母在他很小时就去世了，使得他成了孤儿。(2)Hehurriedtohishouseonlytofindhishousebrokeninto.他匆忙赶到家发现房子已经被人破门而入了。注意2：有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称为独立成分。GenerallyspeakingFrankly/honestlyspeakingJudgingfrom/byTotellyouthetruthComparedto/withConsidering/seeing/given...(1)Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromtheSouth.(2)Consideringyourhealth,youhadbetterhavearest.1.名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主动关系Thegirlstaringathim,hedidn’tknowwhattosay.2.名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是被动关系。Theproblemssolved,thequalityhasbeenimproved.3.名词/主格代词与不定式之间是将来的或具体的动作。Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogoho