高中英语语法过关辅导课件-非谓语动词

Theboysitting

byadogisfat.Thehousebeingbuilt

inthestreetisashop.A

hurricane

struck

the

city,causing

muchdamage.

Playingthepianoisveryinteresting.ThismusicisinterestingBabiesareinterestedinmusic.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimselfremindedofhisowndreams.Hedeterminedtorescue

histwopartners1.admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keepmind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggestburstout，can’tstand，endup，giveup，feellike，keepon，insiston，lookforwardto，putoff，devote...to，objectto，bebusy(in)，getdownto，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，

haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)2.afford，agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，managepromise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish3.tell，want，wish，advise，order，require，expect，remind，persuade，encourage，convince，force，beg，allow，forbidfeel，hear，see，watch，notice，observehave，let，make,keep,leave,

常考点1.非谓语作状语2.非谓语作定语3.非谓语作宾语

admit,avoid,appreciate,allow,imagine,mind,practice

agree,promisechoose,pretend,fail,manage,demand4.非谓语做宾补get,have,make,leave,keep,see,hear,…5.非谓语与独立主格结构6.非谓语与with复合结构7.非谓语与状语从句的省略1.see，hear，notice，observe，watch，listento，lookat，have，keep，leave，find，catch，feelleave后接三种形式作宾补时，意为“使……处于某种状态”。a.~sb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事〔宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系表示动作正在进行〕b.~sth.undone留下某事未做leave〔宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone.unfinished,unsettled,untouched为多〕c.~sb.todosth.留下某人做某事d.~sth.tobedone留下某事要做〔不定式表示将来的动作〕It’swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning.Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched，becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.Heleft，leavingmetodoalltherestwork.have，get后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have，get表示“使、让、叫”之意。〔1〕havesth.done＝getsth.done“使/让某事由别人去做”。I’llhave/getmybikerepairedtomorrow.【注】havesth.done还表示“使遭受……”之意。Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.Thepeasantshadthetractorworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.过关落实1.—Thelastone________paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

2.Ismellsomething________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt3.Atthebeginningoftheclass，thenoiseofdesks________couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose4.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless________everyday.A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater5.Asaresultoftheseriousflood，two­thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea________.A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair

6.Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad________homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking7.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking

8.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft，themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched9.—Comeon，pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork________mymind，Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilled

10.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not________，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmoved11.Ican’tstand________withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________talkingwhilesheworks.A.working；stoppingB.towork；stoppingC.working；tostopD.towork；tostop12.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly________thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.tobetoldB.totellC.toldD.telling13.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.A.toacceptB.acceptC.acceptingD.accepted

14.RussandEarlwereautomechanics________thesamepay，butEarlhadmoreambition.A.toearnB.tohaveearnedC.earningD.earned15.InthedreamPetersawhimself______byafiercewolf，andhewokesuddenlywithastart.A.chasedB.tobechasedC.bechasedD.havingbeenchased

(八)非谓语动词一、动词不定式1.动词不定式的句法功能

(1)不定式作主语

ToknowsomethingaboutEnglishisonething；toknowEnglishisquiteanother.

此时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在句子的后部。

Itisn’teasyforhertofindanewjob.(2)不定式作宾语①不定式可作某些动词的宾语，常见的动词有：afford，

agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，manage，

promise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish等。

Ipromisednottobelate.②介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do，不定式就要省略to。

Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Theydidnothingbutcomplain.(3)不定式作宾语补足语①某些动词如tell，want，wish，advise，order，require，

expect，remind，persuade，encourage，convince，force，beg，

allow，forbid等后可接不定式作宾语补足语。

Mydoctoradvisedmetotakearest.②某些感官动词如feel，hear，see，watch，notice，observe等或使役动词如have，let，make等后面可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但如果句子变成被动语态时，就必须带to符号。

Didyounoticeanyonegointothehouse?Wasanyonenoticedtogointothehouse?③某些动词如find，feel，think，expect，consider，make等后可接不定式作宾语，但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而且要用it作形式宾语。Newsservicesmakeitpossiblefornewspaperstogivetheirreadersnewsfromaroundtheworld.(4)不定式作定语DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish?①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.②不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词最高级限定的名词时，那么表示已完成的动作。Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.(5)不定式作状语①不定式一般作目的状语，还可用短语inorderto或soasto。Hesatdowntohavearest.②不定式有时可作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，还可用onlyto。Heleft，nevertoreturn.Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.③不定式可用在以下句子中表示结果：Hewassocarelessastoforgettolockthedoor.④不定式可作评注性状语，用以修饰整个句子。

Tobehonest，Iknownothingaboutit.(6)不定式作表语

Thefirststepistocheckthevictim’sbreathing.AllIdidwas(to)pressthebutton.(7)“疑问词＋不定式”在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语。

Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisnotknownyet.Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit.【注】此时不可用iftodo结构。2.不定式的时态和语态时态主动语态被动语态一般时todotobedone进行时tobedoing完成时tohavedonetohavebeendone(1)不定式的时态①不定式的一般式表示将来要发生的动作或表示一种状态。

Iwishtofinishmybusinessandgetaway.Hepretendedtobeasleepwhenhismothercamein.②不定式的进行式表示不定式动作仍在进行之中。

Ithappenedtoberaininghardwhentheaccidentoccurred.③不定式的完成式表示不定式动作已完成或发生在句子的谓语动词之前。Heisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthetelephone.(2)不定式的语态当不定式与自己的逻辑主语之间是主动关系时，用主动语态；如果是被动关系那么用被动语态。Herefusedtogoabroad.Herefusedtobetakenabroad.【注】以下情况下不定式用主动形式表达被动意义：①不定式作定语时。Shehasasistertolookafter.②不定式放在形容词之后时。Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.③个别动词用在“be＋不定式”结构中表将来或应该时。Ithinkheistoblame.我认为他应该受到责备。3.不定式的省略问题有时为了防止重复，不定式可用省略形式，但常常要保存不定式符号to。这种情况常出现在动词expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，care，forget，want，try或beglad，behappy或wouldlike/love等后面。如果不定式中含有be，have，havebeen时，这些词也可保存。Ihaven’tbeentoHongKong，butIwishto.“Ididn’ttellhimthenews.”“Oh，yououghttohave.”二、动名词1.动名词的功能(1)动名词作主语Watchingthemisathrillingexperience.【注】有时用it作形式主语，而把动词的­ing形式放在句子的后部。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(2)动名词作宾语①以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语，不可接不定式作宾语：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等。Iadmitbreakingthewindow.②以下短语后要接动名词作宾语：burstout，can’tstand，endup，giveup，feellike，keepon，insiston，lookforwardto，putoff，devote...to，objectto，bebusy(in)，getdownto，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)等。Hedidn’twanttoendupgoinghomealone.③以下动词或短语后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义上有所不同。Remembertoposttheletterformeonyourwaytoschool.请你在上学的路上记住替我把这封信寄出去。IrememberturningoffthelightbeforeIlefttheoffice.我记得在离开办公室前关上了灯。④动词like，love，prefer，hate，continue等后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。但如表示经常性的动作要用动名词，如表示具体的行为要用不定式。Ilikeswimming，butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.⑤动词allow，advise，forbid，permit等后接动名词作宾语，但要接不定式作宾语补足语。Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.⑥动词need，require，want作“需要”解时，其后要用动名词的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语。Thewindowneedscleaning/tobecleaned.⑦形容词worth后要接动名词的主动语态表达被动意义，它不同于worthy的用法。Theplaceisworthvisiting.Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited/tobevisited.⑧介词后要接动名词作宾语。

Whatdoyoumeanbysayingthat?Icongratulatedthemongettingmarried.(3)动名词作表语

Myhobbyisgrowingflowers.(4)动名词作定语

Hehadaveryexpensivewalkingstick.2.动名词的时态和语态主动语态被动语态一般时doingbeingdone完成时havingdonehavingbeendoneHewentawaywithoutsayinganything.Hecameintotheroomwithoutbeingseen.I’msorryforhavingwastedsomuchofyourtime.IforgothavingbeengivenaChristmasgiftyearsago.3.动名词的复合结构动名词之前有时要加上自己的逻辑主语构成复合结构，逻辑主语可用名词的所有格或物主代词，有时也可用名词或宾格代词。

Ican’timagineGeorgesailingacrosstheoceaninaboat.Mycomingbackhomelatemademymotherveryangry.三、分词1.现在分词的功能(1)现在分词作宾语补足语以下动词后可接现在分词作宾补：see，hear，notice，observe，watch，listento，lookat，have，keep，leave，find，catch，feel等。Shekeptmewaitingforover20minutes.【注】如果句子改为被动语态，那么现在分词那么变为主语补足语。Theboywascaughtcheatingintheexam.(2)现在分词作表语Themovieisveryboring.(3)现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时，通常表示与先行词之间是主动关系。Thetaxitakingustotheairportbrokedown.【注】

beingdone形式表示正在进行中的动作，且与先行词之间是被动关系。

Thehousebeingbuiltwillserveasalibrary.

正在建的那座房子将作为图书馆用。

(4)现在分词作状语①现在分词作状语时，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。此时，现在分词的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，而且现在分词与句子的主语之间一般具有逻辑上的主谓关系。

Thecupdroppedtotheground，breakingintopieces.Jackcamerunningover.【注】如果现在分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，就要用分词的独立主格结构。

Weatherpermitting，we’llplaygolfthisafternoon.Weexploredthecave，Peteractingasaguide.②现在分词还可作评注性状语，表示说话人的态度，此时现在分词与句子的主语无关。常见的说法有：generallyspeaking“一般来说”；franklyspeaking“坦白地说”；judgingfrom...“根据……

来判断”；considering...“考虑到……”等。

Consideringthedistance，hearrivedveryquickly.2.现在分词的时态和语态主动语态被动语态一般时doingbeingdone完成时havingdonehavingbeendoneNotknowingheraddress，Iwasn’tabletocontacther.IsawhimbeingtakenawaywhenIpassedbyhishouse.Havingboughtourtickets，wewentintothetheatre.Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.3.过去分词过去分词一般在句中作宾补、表语、定语和状语，通常表示已完成的被动动作或一种状态。

You’dbetterhavethetelevisionrepaired.Someofthepeopleinvitedtothepartycan’tcome.Theteachercameintothelab，followedbysomestudents.Givenachance，Icansurprisetheworld.Hestoodinfrontoftheroomwithhisarmsfolded.四、不定式被动式、过去分词和现在分词的被动式作定语1.过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。

HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?2.现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。

Listen！Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.3.不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.五、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别1.感官动词(see，watch，observe，lookat，hear，listento，notice等)和使役动词have后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)，现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.刚刚我听见她唱了一首英文歌。IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。IheardtheEnglishsongsungmanytimes.我屡次听到有人唱这首英文歌。2.leave后接三种形式作宾补时，意为“使……处于某种状态”。sb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事〔宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系表示动作正在进行〕sth.undone留下某事未做leave〔宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone.unfinished,unsettled,untouched为多〕sb.todosth.留下某人做某事sth.tobedone留下某事要做〔不定式表示将来的动作〕It’swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning.Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched，becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.Heleft，leavingmetodoalltherestwork.3.have，get后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have，get表示“使、让、叫”之意。〔1〕havesth.done＝getsth.done“使/让某事由别人去做”。I’llhave/getmybikerepairedtomorrow.【注】havesth.done还表示“使遭受……”之意。Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.Thepeasantshadthetractorworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.【注】“havesb.doing”假设用于否认句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourparentslikethat.Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomesalt.Ican’tgethimtostopsmoking.Hewon’tlistentome.六、注意以下表达的意义区别过关落实1.—Thelastone________paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

解析：不定式toarrive作thelastone的后置定语，表示“最后来的那个人”。答案：C2.Ismellsomething________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt解析：强调“闻到某物正在燃烧”，选择v.­ing形式，且此处burn为不及物动词，因此不用被动形式。答案：A3.Atthebeginningoftheclass，thenoiseofdesks________couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose解析：句中意为“桌子(抽屉)正在被翻开、关上的声音”，强调动作正在进行，用beingdone。答案：C4.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless________everyday.A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater

解析：unlesswatered作条件状语，表示条件，water因和主语

(theflowers)为动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。答案：A5.Asaresultoftheseriousflood，two­thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea________.A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair

解析：主语中分数修饰的名词为复数(thebuildings)，故排除

B、C；needdoing等于needtobedone，表示被动。答案：A6.Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad________homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking解析：havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难，固定句型，在本句中difficulty提前了。答案：D7.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking解析：regret＋v.­ing形式表示懊悔做过某事；v.­ing形式的否定式在其前面加not。答案：D8.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft，themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched

解析：havingbeenlaunched等于whichhasbeenlaunched，表示“已经被发射”。答案：B9.—Comeon，pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withso