中考英语语法重要考点总结与强化训练

汇报人：XX中考英语语法重要考点总结与强化训练2024-02-06目录ArticlesandNounsAdjectivesandadverbsincomparativeandsuperlativeformsrivisedbyQianModalverbsandsubjunctivemoodObjectclauses,attributiveclauses,andadverbialclauses目录RulesfordirectandindirectspeechconversionSubjectverbconsistencyissueOmittedsentences,invertedsentences,andemphasissentences01ArticlesandNounsChapterDefiniteArticle"the"Usedtorefertospecificnounsornounsthathavebeenmentionedbefore.Commonerror-pronepointsincludeusing"the"withpluralnounsornon-countnounswhenitisnotappropriate.IndefiniteArticles"a/an"Usedtorefertonon-specificnounsornounsthatarebeingintroducedforthefirsttime.Commonerror-pronepointsincludemisusing"a"and"an"beforevowelsandconsonants,respectively.ZeroArticleUsedwithpluralnounsreferringtogeneralcategoriesorwithnon-countnouns.Commonerror-pronepointsincludeaddinganarticlebeforeanon-countnounwhenitisnotneeded.BasicusageanderrorpronepointsofarticlesNounscanbesingularorplural.Thepluralformisusuallyindicatedbyadding"-s"or"-es"totheendofthenoun.Commonerror-pronepointsincludenotchangingtheverbformtomatchthenounnumberorusingthewrongpluralformofirregularnouns.Nounshavedifferentcases(nominative,possessive,objective)thatdeterminetheirfunctioninasentence.Commonerror-pronepointsincludeusingthewrongcasewithprepositionsorverbsthatrequireaspecificcase.NumberCaseTheLawofNounNumberandCaseChangeNounsasattributivesAnouncanfunctionasanadjectivetomodifyanothernoun.Commonerror-pronepointsincludeusingthewrongformofthenoun(e.g.,usingthepluralformwhenthesingularisneeded)ornotusingahyphentoconnectcompoundadjectives.FixedcollocationsCertainnounsareoftenusedtogetherinfixedphrasesorexpressions.Commonerror-pronepointsincludeusingthewrongprepositionwithanounornotbeingfamiliarwithcommoncollocations.NounsasattributivesandfixedcollocationsIdentifyingerrorsinarticleusage:Practiceexercisesthatfocusonidentifyingandcorrectingerrorsinarticleusagecanhelpstudentsavoidcommonmistakes.Understandingnounnumberandcasechanges:Exercisesthatrequirestudentstoidentifythecorrectformofanounbasedonitsnumberandcasecanreinforcethisconcept.Usingnounsasattributivescorrectly:Practiceusingnounsasattributivesinsentencestoensurethatstudentsunderstandhowtoformcompoundadjectivescorrectly.Familiaritywithfixedcollocations:Exercisesthatexposestudentstocommoncollocationscanhelpthemrecognizeandusethesephrasescorrectlyintheirownwriting.Specialexercisequestionsandansweranalysis02AdjectivesandadverbsincomparativeandsuperlativeformsChapterForadjectivesandadverbsofoneortwosyllables,thecomparativeformisgenerallyformedbyadding"-er"totheend,andthesuperlativeformisformedbyadding"-est".Foradjectivesandadverbsofthreeormoresyllables,thecomparativeformisusuallyprecededby"more",andthesuperlativeformisprecededby"most".Forsomeadjectivesandadverbs,thecomparativeandsuperlativeformsareirregularanddonotfollowthegeneralrules.Therulesforformingcomparativeadjectivesandadverbs"Good"becomes"better"inthecomparativeformand"best"inthesuperlativeform."Far"becomes"farther"or"further"inthecomparativeformand"farthest"or"furthest"inthesuperlativeform."Bad"becomes"worse"inthecomparativeformand"worst"inthesuperlativeform."Old"becomes"older"or"elder"inthecomparativeformand"oldest"or"eldest"inthesuperlativeform.SummaryofCommonIrregularFormsofChangesUsecomparativestocomparetwopeopleorthings,suchas"Heistallerthanme."Usesuperlativestocomparethreeormorepeopleorthings,suchas"Sheisthemostbeautifulgirlinourclass."Payattentiontothepositionofcomparativesandsuperlativesinsentences,anduseappropriateprepositionsandarticles.Avoidambiguouscomparisonsbyensuringthatthecomparedobjectsareofthesamecategoryandmeasurable.TechniquesforusingcomparativeandsuperlativelevelsinsentencesQuestion:Whichofthefollowingsentencesusesthecomparativelevelcorrectly?SpecialexercisequestionsandansweranalysisA.Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.SpecialexercisequestionsandansweranalysisB.Iamastallerasmybrother.C.Sheisveryprettierthanhersister.D.Herunsmorefasterthanme.SpecialexercisequestionsandansweranalysisAnswerA.Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.(Correctuseofthecomparativelevel.Theotheroptionshaveincorrectusageofcomparatives.)要点一要点二ExplanationInoptionB,"astalleras"isincorrectbecause"as...as"shouldbefollowedbytheadjectiveinitsbaseform.InoptionC,"veryprettier"isincorrectbecause"very"shouldnotbeusedwithcomparatives.InoptionD,"morefaster"isincorrectbecause"more"shouldnotbeusedwithcomparativesendingin"-er".Specialexercisequestionsandansweranalysis03rivisedbyQianChapterBasictensesContinuoustensesPerfecttensesOthertensesOverviewandclassificationofverbtensesPresent,Past,andFuturePresentPerfect,PastPerfect,andFuturePerfectPresentContinuous,PastContinuous,andFutureContinuousPastFuture,PresentPerfectContinuous,andPastPerfectContinuousPresentPerfectTenseUsedtoexpressanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuesintothepresent,oranactionthathasbeencompletedintherecentpastandhasaneffectonthepresent.PastPerfectTenseUsedtoexpressanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.Ithelpstoestablishatimesequenceofevents.CommonmistakesUsingpresentperfecttensewhenpastsimpletenseismoreappropriate,orviceversa;confusingtheusageofpastperfecttensewithothertenses.Confusionpronetenseanalysis(suchaspresentperfecttenseandpastperfecttense)Passivevoiceconstruction01Thepassivevoiceisformedbyusingtheverb"tobe"followedbythepastparticipleofthemainverb.Forexample,"Theballwaskickedbyhim."Applicationindifferenttenses02Thepassivevoicecanbeusedinalltenses,includingpresent,past,future,continuous,andperfecttenses.Thetenseoftheverb"tobe"changestomatchthetenseofthesentence.Commonmistakes03Omittingtheagent(thedoeroftheaction)inthepassivevoicewhenitisunknownorunimportant;usingtheactivevoicewhenthepassivevoiceismoreappropriate.Passivevoiceconstructionanditsapplicationindifferenttenses010203QuestiontypesMultiplechoice,fillintheblanks,errorcorrection,andrewritingsentencesindifferenttensesorvoices.AnsweranalysisAnalyzingcommonmistakesmadebystudentsandprovidingexplanationsandcorrections;highlightingkeypointstorememberwhenansweringsimilarquestionsinthefuture.TipsandstrategiesProvidinghelpfultipsandstrategiesformasteringtenseandvoiceusage,suchasunderstandingthemeaningandusageofeachtenseandvoice,practicingwithsamplequestions,andreviewinggrammarrulesregularly.Specialexercisequestionsandansweranalysis04ModalverbsandsubjunctivemoodChapterModalverbsareauxiliaryverbsthatexpressmodality,suchaspossibility,necessity,permission,obligation,etc.Commonmodalverbsincludecan,could,may,might,must,shall,should,will,would,etc.Theusageofmodalverbsisflexible.Theycanbeusedaloneorincombinationwithotherverbstoexpressdifferentmeanings.Forexample,"can"canexpressabilityorpossibility,while"must"expressesnecessityorobligation.Modalverbshavedifferentformsandtenses,buttheydonothavenon-finiteformslikeinfinitives,gerunds,orparticiples.Theyarealwaysfollowedbythebaseformoftheverb.ThebasicmeaningandusageofmodalverbsThesubjunctivemoodisoftenusedinconditionalsentencestoexpresshypotheticalsituationsorconditionsthatarecontrarytofact.Forexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethejob."Thesubjunctivemoodisalsousedinsomefixedphrasesorexpressions,suchas"Itisimportantthathebepresentatthemeeting."Innounclauses,thesubjunctivemoodisusedtoexpresswishes,suggestions,orders,possibilities,etc.Forexample,"Isuggestthatwe(should)haveameetingtodiscusstheissue."TheapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinconditionalsentencesandnounclausesBesidesconditionalsentencesandnounclauses,thesubjunctivemoodcanalsobeusedinothersentencestructures,suchasinvertedsentencesorimperativesentences.Inimperativesentences,thesubjunctivemoodcanbeusedtoexpressordersorrequeststhatarecontrarytofact.Forexample,"Longlivetheking!"Ininvertedsentences,thesubjunctivemoodisoftenusedtoexpresswishesorhypotheticalsituations.Forexample,"WereIyou,Iwouldnotdothat."Theapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinothersentencestructures(suchasinvertedsentences)Specialexercisequestionsonmodalverbsandsubjunctivemoodoftenteststudents'understandingofthebasicmeaningsandusagesofthesegrammarpoints.Answeranalysisshouldfocusonexplainingthereasonswhycertainmodalverbsorsubjunctiveformsareusedinspecificcontexts.Studentsshouldpayattentiontocommonmistakesmadewhenusingmodalverbsorsubjunctivemood,suchasconfusionbetweensimilarmodalverbsorincorrectusageofsubjunctiveforms.Specialexercisequestionsandansweranalysis05Objectclauses,attributiveclauses,andadverbialclausesChapter

TheChoiceofObjectClauseLeadingWordsandWordOrderIssuesMasterthecommonleadingwordsofobjectclauses,suchasverbs,adjectives,andnouns.Payattentiontowordorderissuesinobjectclauses,suchasthepositionofthesubjectandtheverb.Understandthedifferencebetweendeclarative,interrogative,andimperativeobjectclauses.Choosetheappropriaterelativepronounoradverbbasedontheantecedentanditsrole.Payattentiontothedifferencebetweenrestrictiveandnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.Identifytheantecedentoftherelativeclauseanddetermineitsroleinthesentence.Tipsforselectingrelativepronouns/adverbsinrelativeclausesUnderstandthedifferenttypesofadverbialclauses,suchastime,place,reason,purpose,result,andcondition.Mastertheusageofcommonconjunctionsinadverbialclauses,suchaswhen,where,why,how,etc.Payattentiontothelogicalrelationshipbetweenthemainclauseandtheadverbialclause.CommontypesofadverbialclausesandusageofconjunctionsUsetheanswersasaguidetoreviewandreinforceyourunderstandingofthesegrammarpoints.Practicespecialexercisequestionsrelatedtoobjectclauses,attributiveclauses,andadverbialclauses.Analyzetheanswerstothesequestionstounderstandcommonmistakesandhowtoavoidthem.Specialexercisequestionsandansweranalysis06RulesfordirectandindirectspeechconversionChapterIdentifythereportedspeechandthereportingverbinthesentence.Changethepronouns,demonstrativepronouns,andadverbsasnecessarytomaintainconsistencywithinthesentence.Ifnecessary,changethewordorderofthesentencetomatchthetypicalindirectspeechstructure.Changethetenseofthereportedspeechtomatchthetenseofthereportingverb.StepstoconvertdirectspeechintoindirectspeechChangerulesforperson,tense,demonstrativepronouns,etcThesemaychangedependingonthecontextandthepointofviewofthespeaker.DemonstrativepronounsandadverbsFirstpersonindirectspeechbecomesthirdpersoninindirectspeech,andviceversa.Secondpersonmaychangetofirstorthirdpersondependingonthecontext.PersonchangesGenerally,thetenseofthereportedspeechisshiftedonetenseback(e.g.,presentbecomespast,futurebecomespresent).TensechangesStarttheindirectquotationwithaquestionword(who,what,when,where,why,how)andchangetheverbordertosubject-verb.InterrogativesentencesConverttheimperativesentenceintoadeclarativesentencebyaddingasubject(you,he,she,they)andchangingtheverbformifnecessary.ImperativesentencesMethodofconvertinginterrogativeandimperativesentencesintoindirectquotations输入标题02010403SpecialexercisequestionsandansweranalysisIdentifycommonmistakesmadebystudentswhenconvertingdirectspeechintoindirectspeech.Encouragestudentstopracticeconvertingdifferenttypesofsentences(declarative,interrogative,imperative)intoindirectspeech.Emphasizetheimportanceofcontextandpointofviewwhenconvertingspeech.Provideexamplesofexercisequestionswithdetailedansweranalysistohelpstudentsunderstandtheconversionprocessbetter.07SubjectverbconsistencyissueChapter请输入您的内容Subjectverbconsistencyissue08Omittedsentences,invertedsentences,andemphasissentencesChapterTypesofOmittedSentencesEllipticalsentencesinEnglishcanbedividedintothreetypes:simpleellipsis,ellipsiswithauxiliaryverbsormodalverbs,andellipsiswithsubjectandpredicate.MethodsforJudgingOmittedComponentsTojudgetheomittedcomponentsinasentence,oneshouldfirstunderstandthecontextandthenanalyzethesentencestructure.Commonmethodsincludecomparingthesentencewiththeprecedingorfollowingsentences,findingthecorrespondingcomponentsintheparallelstructure,andjudgingaccordingtothelogicalrelationshipbetweenclauses.TypesofOmittedSentencesandMethodsforJudgingOmittedComponentsStructuralCharacteristicsofInvertedSentences:Invertedsentencesrefertosentencesinwhichthewordorderisreversed.Thecommonstructuralcharacteristicisthatthepredicateverborthepartofthepredicateverbcomesbeforethesubject.CommonTypesofInvertedSentences:Thereareseveraltypesofinvertedsentences,includingfullinversion,partialinversion,andso-callednaturalinversion.Fullinversionreferstothecom