新教材英语人教版选择性单元加餐练5Unit5WorkingtheLand

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解IsItWorthBuyingOrganicFood?Organicfood,grownwithoutartificialchemicals,isincreasinglypopularnowadays.Consumershavebeenwillingtopayuptotwicemoreforgoodswithorganiclabels(商标).However,ifyouthinkpayingalittlemorefororganicfoodgetsyouamorenutritiousandsaferproduct,thenyou'dbettersaveyourmoney.AstudyledbyresearchersatStanfordThelatestresults,publishedintheAnnualsofInternalMedicine,suggestthatbuyersmaybewastingtheirmoney.“Wedidnotfindstrongevidencethatorganicfoodismorenutritiousorhealthier，”saysDrCrystalSmith­SpanglerfromStanford.“Soconsumersshouldn'tassumethatonetypeoffoodhasalowerriskorissafer.”Fortheirnewstudy,Smith­Spanglerandhercolleaguesconductedareviewoftwocategoriesofresearch,including17studiesthatparedhealthoutesbetweenconsumersoforganicagainsttraditionalfoodproducts,and223studiesthatanalyzedthenutritionalcontentofthefoods,includingkeyvitamins,mineralsandfats.Whiletheresearchersfoundlittledifferenceinnutritionalcontent,theydidfindthatorganicfruitandvegetableswere20%lesslikelytohavechemicalsremainingonthesurfaces.Neitherorganicnortraditionalfoodsshowedlevelsofchemicalshighenoughtogobeyondfoodsafetystandards.Andbothorganicandtraditionalmeats,suchaschickenandpork,wereequallylikelytobeharmedbybacteriaatverylowrates.Theresearchersdidfindthatorganicmilkandchickencontainedhigherlevelsofomega­3fattyacids,ahealthyfatalsofoundinfishthatcanreducetheriskofheartdisease.However,thesenutritionaldifferencesweretoosmall,andtheresearcherswereunwillingtomakemuchofthemuntilfurtherstudiesconfirmthetrends.Organicfoodisproducedwithfewerchemicalsandmorenatural­growingpractices,butthatdoesn'talwaystranslateintoamorenutritiousorhealthierproduct.TheUSDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)statesthat“whetheryoubuyorganicornot,findingthefreshestfoodsavailablemayhavethebiggesteffectontaste.”Freshfoodisatleastasgoodasanythingmarketedasorganic.本文为议论文，由人们花很多钱去购买有机食品入题，提出有机食品真的比传统食品更好吗？然后引用专家的调查结果证实有机食品并未比传统食品有更好的营养成分。1．Thenewresearchquestionswhetherorganicfood________.A．shouldreplacetraditionalfoodB．hasbeenoverpricedbyfarmersC．isgrownwithlessharmfulchemicals D．isreallymorenutritiousandhealthier答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据全文尤其是第二段第二句“Wedidnotfindstrongevidencethatorganicfoodismorenutritiousorhealthier”可知，新研究主要质疑有机食品是否更有营养，更健康。故D正确。2．Smith­Spanglerandhercolleaguesfoundthat________.A．organicfoodcouldreducetheriskofheartdiseaseB．traditionalfoodwasgrownwithmorenaturalmethodsC．bothorganicandtraditionalfoodtheyexaminedweresafeD．therewasnotapresenceofanyformsofbacteriainorganicfood答案：C解析：推理判断题。第四段详细对比了有机食品和传统食品在各方面的情况，得出结论两种食品只有细微差别，并没有哪一种比另一种营养成分更多。故C正确。3．Whichofthefollowingisrelativelyhealthieraccordingtothepassage?A．Organicchickenandpork. B．Organicmilkandchicken.C．Traditionalchickenandpork. D．Traditionalfruitandvegetables.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段第四句“Theresearchersdidfindthatorganicmilkandchickencontainedhigherlevelsofomega­3fattyacids,ahealthyfatalsofoundinfishthatcanreducetheriskofheartdisease.”可知答案为B。4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardorganicfood?A．Sceptical. B．Neutral.C．Unconcerned. D．Approving.答案：A解析：观点态度题。作者在第一段提出人们不值得花过多的钱去买有机食品，在最后一段引用USDA美国农业部的观点“whetheryoubuyorganicfoodornot,findingthefreshestfoodsavailablemayhavethebiggesteffectontaste”以及最后一句可看出作者是质疑的态度。故A正确。Ⅱ.七选五TheKeytoSuccessWhenIwas27yearsold,Ileftaverydemandingjobinmanagementconsultingforajobthatwasevenmoredemanding:teaching.__1__Andlikeanyteacher,Imadequizzesandtests.Igaveouthomeworkassignments.Whentheworkcameback,Icalculatedgrades.__2__SomeofmystrongestperformersdidnothaveequallygoodIQscores.Someofmysmartestkidsweren'tdoingsowell.Andthatgotmethinking.Thekindsofthingsyouneedtolearninseventh­graders'matharehard.__3__Iwasfirmlyconvincedthateveryoneofmystudentscouldlearnthematerialiftheyworkedhardandlongenough.Afterseveralmoreyearsofteaching,Icametotheconclusionthatwhatweneedineducationisamuchbetterunderstandingofstudentsandlearningfromamotivational(动机的)perspective,fromapsychologicalperspective.SoIlefttheclassroom,andIwenttograduateschool(研究生院)tobeeapsychologist.Istartedstudyingkidsandadultsinallkindsofsuperchallengingsettings,andineverystudymyquestionwas,whoissuccessfulhereandwhy?MyresearchteamandIwenttotheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademy.__A．ItwasIQaswellasEQ.B．Itwasn'tsocialintelligenceorIQ.C．Butthosethingsarenotimpossibletolearn.D．SomeofmybeststudentsreallyhavehighIQ.E．Iwenttoteachseventh­graders'mathinaNewYorkCitypublicschool.F．WhatstruckmewasthatIQwasnottheonlydifferenceamongstudents.G．Wetriedtopredictwhichparticipantswouldstayinmilitarytrainingandwhichwoulddropout.这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了作者在当老师的时候做了一个实验，发现孩子的智商不是决定其成功的决定性因素，在之后的研究中他发现成功的因素是毅力。1．E解析：根据上文WhenIwas27yearsold,Ileftaverydemandingjobinmanagementconsultingforajobthatwasevenmoredemanding:teaching.可知，我放弃了一个要求非常高的管理咨询工作而去选择一个要求更高的工作：教学。E选项的意思：我去纽约市公立学校教七年级数学。因此是继续介绍他的教学工作，前后逻辑一致，因此选E。2．F解析：根据下文SomeofmystrongestperformersdidnothaveequallygoodIQscores.Someofmysmartestkidsweren'tdoingsowell.可知，表现最好的一些人没有同样高的智商。而我的一些最聪明的孩子表现没有那么好。F选项的意思：让我感到震惊的是，智商不是学生之间唯一的区别。前后贯通，因此选F。3．C解析：根据下文Iwasfirmlyconvincedthateveryoneofmystudentscouldlearnthematerialiftheyworkedhardandlongenough.可知，我坚信，如果他们努力学习足够长的时间，我的每一个学生都可以学得这些。C选项意思：但那些事情并非不可能学习。空格后是对C的进一步解释，因此选C。4．G解析：根据上文MyresearchteamandIwenttotheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademy.可知，我和我的研究团队去了美国军事学院。G选项的意思：我们试图预测哪些参与者会留在军事训练中，哪些参与者会退出。前后符合逻辑，因此选G。5．B解析：根据上文Inallthoseverydifferentcontexts,onecharacteristicemergedasasignificantpredictorofsuccess.可知，在所有这些非常不同的背景下，一个特征成为成功的重要预测指标。根据下文Itwasgrit(毅力)可知，是毅力。B选项意思：这不是社交智慧或智商。根据上下文可知选B。Ⅲ.完形填空TheGrassCuttingDaysEverytimeweheadedouttocutgrass,Dadwastheretowatch.Iusedto__1__whyhecamewithus.HestoodwatchingusinthestickyFloridaheatwhenhecouldhavebeeninside__2__withairconditioningandanicydrink.Onedaywewerecuttingournext­doorneighbor'syard.Shealwayswaiteduntilthegrasswasknee­hightocallusover.Tomakemattersworse,wehadanoldlawnmowerthatkeptbreakingdownaswetriedtocut__3__herbackyardjungle.Thisparticularafternoon,Iwasfinishingupandwastiredandsweaty.I__4__thetallglassofcoldjuiceIwoulddrinkinaminutetocooldown.Iwasjustabouttoturnoffthelawnmower__5__IsawDadpointingtoonesinglebladeofgrass(一片草).IthoughtaboutthesmallamountofmoneyIwasgetting__6__forcuttinggrasssohighthatitalmostbrokethemower.Iignoredhimandkeptwalking.Dadcalledmeoutandyelled,“Youmissedablade.”Ifrowned(皱眉),hopinghewouldletmegohome.Hekeptpointing.Thoughtiredand__7__，Istillwentbacktocutthatbladeofgrass.Ithoughttomyself,“Thatonebladeisn't__8__anyone.Whywon'thejustletitgo？”ButwhenIreachedadulthood,Iunderstoodhis__9__：Whenyou'rerunningabusiness,theworkyoudosaysagreatdealaboutyou.Ifyouwanttobeseenasanhonestbusinessman,youmustdeliveraqualityproduct.Thatsinglebladeofgrass__10__thejobwasnotdone.Otherneighborstook__11__ofthegoodworkwedidandwesoongainedmore__12__.Thelessonmydadtaughtmestayedwithme:Be__13__.Ifyousayyouaregoingtoperformajobatacertaintime,__14__yourword.Giveyourcustomersthekindof__15__youwouldliketoreceive.Itshowshowsincereyouareandhowmuchprideyoutakeinyourwork.这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者在暑假给别人修剪草坪挣零花钱时，父亲对自己的教育。从这件事中作者知道了做任何事都要有专业素养，这是一个道德规范问题。1.A.wonder B．understandC．know D．expect答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.wonder想知道；B.understand理解；C.know知道；D.expect期望。结合下文可知，作者很想知道父亲为什么总是大热天站在那儿看着自己给别人割草坪，故选A。2．A.hiding B．relaxingC．playing D．talking答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.hiding躲藏；B.relaxing放松；C.playing玩；D.talking交谈。结合上文可知，此处是指作者认为父亲本可以坐在空调屋里喝着冷饮放松，故选B。3．A.in B．backC．up D．through答案：D解析：考查短语动词辨析。cutin插嘴；cutback减少；cutup切碎；cutthrough穿过。结合上下文语境可知，邻居的草坪的草很高，此处是指作者要在这些高草中来回穿过，故选D。4．A.pictured B．decidedC．required D．invented答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.pictured想象；B.decided决定；C.required要求；D.invented发明。结合上文语境可知，天气很热，作者汗流浃背，又很累，所以此处是作者在想象着很快自己就可以喝杯凉果汁。故选A。5．A.until B．beforeC．when D．while答案：C解析：考查连词词义辨析。A.until直到……才；B.before在……之前；C.when当……时候；D.while当……时候。句意：我刚要关上割草机的时候，突然看到爸爸指着一片草地。beabouttodo...when...是固定句型，意思是“当正要去做一件事的时候，另一件事情突然发生了”。while没有此用法，故选C。6．A.involved B．caughtC．changed D．paid答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.involved涉及；B.caught抓住；C.changed改变；D.paid支付。结合上下文语境可知，此处是指作者割草别人付给的工钱，故选D。7．A.discouraged B．ashamedC．touched D．shocked答案：A解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.discouraged灰心的；沮丧的；B.ashamed羞愧的；C.touched感动的；D.shocked震惊的。结合上文可知，作者感到又累又热，然而父亲却让他接着把另一片草割干净，因此他感到很沮丧。故选A。8．A.surprising B．frighteningC．hurting D．embarrassing答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.surprising使吃惊；B.frightening使害怕；C.hurting伤害；D.embarrassing使尴尬。结合语境可知，作者对父亲非得让他把那片草割干净很不理解，此处是指作者认为那片草不割也不会伤害谁，故选C。9．A.punishment B．messageC．cruelty D．expression答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.punishment惩罚；B.message信息；启示；C.cruelty残酷；D.expression表达。句意：但是，当我成年以后，我明白了他想传达的信息。根据下文可知，作者后来明白了父亲让自己那么做的原因。故选B。10．A.seemed B．realizedC．meant D．found答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.seemed似乎；B.realized意识到；C.meant意味着；D.found发现。结合上文作者的感悟可知，此处是指那片没有割的草就意味着没有完成工作。故选C。11．A.care B．noticeC．place D．control答案：B解析：考查短语动词辨析。takecareof照顾；takenoticeof注意到；takeplaceof代替；takecontrolof控制；掌管。根据下文，很多人因为作者割草认真来找他割草坪可知，此处是指其他邻居看到了他们做的工作很棒，故选B。12．A.business B．workersC．experience D．prizes答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.business生意；B.workers工人；C.experience经验；D.prizes奖品。结合上文大家都知道了我们做事认真可知，此处是指很多人来找我们给他们割草坪，即获得了更多生意，故选A。13．A.patient B．powerfulC．prepared D．professional答案：D解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.patient有耐心的；B.powerful强大的；C.prepared准备好的；D.professional专业的。结合上文作者的感悟可知，此处是指做工作要专业，守信用，故选D。14．A.break B．giveC．save D．keep答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.break打破；B.give给；C.save节约；D.keep保持。结合上下文语境可知，如果你说你要在某个时间完成一项工作，那么你就得信守诺言。keepone'sword遵守诺言，故选D。15．A.advice B．serviceC．attention D．warmth答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.advice建议；B.service服务；C.attention注意力；D.warmth温暖。根据下文作者说“它显示出你有多真诚，对你的工作有多自豪”可知，此处是指要给你的顾客你想要的那种服务，故选B。Ⅳ.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Whatiseco­fashion?Eco­fashionisaboutmakingclothesthatconsiderstheenvironment,thehealthofconsumersandtheworkingconditionsofpeopleinthefashionindustry.Acloserlookatthefashionindustrypointsoutmanyproblemsthataremonpracticesinthecreationofourfashionsfromthefieldtothefactory.Firstly,theproductionoftextilespollutestheenvironmentheavily.Cotton­plantingusespesticides;sheep­farmingandwool­cleaningbringaboutglobalwarming.Secondly,everystageofclothingproductionconsumesagreatdealofenergyandsomealsoinvolvechemicalswhichobviouslydoharmtothesurroundings.Inaddition,thereisalotofwasteproducedintheprocess,especiallyintheformofpollutedwater.Thirdly,growingpurchasingpowerandourshoppinghabitsfurtherworsenthebadeffects.Wearenowbuyingclothesinincreasingquantitiesandwearealsoquicktothrowawayclothesthathavebeenwornonlyacoupleoftimes.Then,howtosolvetheproblem?Toalargedegree,itisthefashionproducersthatreallyhavethepowerandtheresponsibilitytoshapeourfuture.Thereareagreatmanywaystheseproducerscanreducetheirecologicalfootprin