高考二轮英语人教版训练模块2专题1第2讲推理判断题模拟精练

专题1第2讲A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(2020·北京市高考适应性测试)Growingup，DekaIsmailsayssheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe.“Iwasablackgirl，fromarefugee(难民)family，”Dekasaid.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredeterminedbox.”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield，Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture.NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofCalifornia，planningtobeeaprofessor.BornandraisedinSanDiego’sCityHeightsneighborhood，DekaisthedaughterofaSomalirefugeecouple.WhilesomemightsayDeka’ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground，shewouldsaydifferently，thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven，youngscientistthatsheistoday.WhenDekawaseightyearsold，hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone’slife.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks，anddidn’tdomanyofthethingsherpeersdid，likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships.“IalwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily，”Dekasaid.“Youhavetonotevendoyourbestbuttwotimesbetterthaneveryoneelse.Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetomessup.”Deka’seffortspaidoff.Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool，shewasacceptedtotheAmericanChemicalSocietyProjectSEEDProgramme.“Shebroughtbothenthusiasmandfocus，”Botham，aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute，recalled.“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork，readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar.”Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher，Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don’ttellyourselfthatscholarshipistoobigorthisprogrammeistoopetitiveorI’llnevergetintothisschool，”shesaid.“IwasnotsurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin.”1．Fromthepassage，wecanlearnthat.A．DekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamilyB．DekaspentalotoftimegoingtopartiesC．DekabecameaprofessoraftergraduationD．Deka’sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhard2．Dekarealizedtheimportanceofeducation.A．fromhermother’sexperienceB．afterherchemistryclassC．byreadingbooksinthelibraryD．throughworkingattheinstitute3．Accordingtothelastparagraph，Dekaadvisedthatstudentsbe.A．patient B．confidentC．ambitious D．generous4．Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A．Lifeisnotallroses.B．Practicemakesperfect.C．Wellbegunishalfdone.D．Hardworkleadstosuccess.【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了索马里难民DekaIsmail通过改变自己不断努力，终于成功考进加利福尼亚大学的成长经历。1．细节理解题。由第三段“WhilesomemightsayDeka’ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground，shewouldsaydifferently，thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven，youngscientistthatsheistoday.”可知，虽然有些人可能会说Deka尽管有那样的背景还是成功了，但她会有不同看法。她的经历塑造了她，并激励她成为今天这样一个有干劲的年轻科学家。由此可知，Deka的这些经历塑造了她并且激励了她。故选D项。2．细节理解题。由第四段中的“WhenDekawaseightyearsold，hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone’slife.”可知，当Deka八岁的时候，她的母亲通过在学校努力学习找到了一份工作，以支持整个家庭。这让Deka意识到教育可以改变一个人的生活。由此可知，母亲的经历让她明白教育的重要性。故选A项。3．推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher，Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.”可知，当被问及她会给像她这样的人什么建议时，Deka提醒他们不要低估自己。由此可知，Deka建议大家不要低估自己，要相信自己，要有信心。故选B项。4．推理判断题。结合文章大意：难民身份的Deka经过自己的努力终于获得成功，以及她分享的自己经历和给他人的建议：不低估自己，要有信心。由此可知这篇文章是想告诉我们：要相信自己，不断努力，终将会取得成功。故选D项。B阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(2020·广州大学附属中学高三线上测试)Ithasbeendiscoveredthataftertheageofsixteen，thenumberofourbraincellsbeginstodecreaseataspeedofseveralmillionayear.Theysimplydieoff.Incertaintypesofactivity，thehumanbrainisatitshighestpointintheearlytwenties，whenithascollectedenoughinformationtobeabletousethevastnumberofcellsfreelyinthemosteffectiveway.Puremathematicsisoneofthefieldsinwhichthishappens，andweknowthatAlbertEinsteinmadeallhisworldshakingdiscoveriesbetweentheageofabout20and25，andspenttherestofhislifetidyingthemupandarrangingthem.Butincertainothertypesofactivity(ofwhichbeinganauthorisperhapsone)，experienceismoreimportantthansharpnessofbrain，andthereoneusuallyfindsthatapersonreacheshisorherpeakmuchlaterinlife.Besidessharpnessofbrainandexperience，hereisanotherthingthatisveryimportant，andthatiswisdom.Onecanhaveaveryquick，inventivebrainandplentyofexperience，butifoneusesthesefoolishly，oneharmsbothoneselfandothers.Wisdomdoesnotalwaysewithage—thereareplentyoffoolishmiddleagedpeopleabout—buttheaveragepersontendstolearnwisdomashegetsolder，usuallybymakingpainfulofembarrassingmistakes.Learningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible;andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly，itislearningabouthumannature;howrealpeoplebehaveandreact，asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.Onecanreadandhearlotsofidealisticstuffabouthowtomaketheworldabetterplace，whichwouldbefoundifitwasbasedonanaccurateobservationofhumannature，butwhichisbasicallyawasteoftimebecauseitisnot.5．Accordingtothewriter，thegreatdiscoveriesmadebyAlbertEinsteinweremainlyaresultin.A．yearsofhardworkB．sharpnessofthebrainC．richexperienceD．hisdeepunderstandingofthenature6．Somepeopleachievesuccessmuchlaterinlifebecause.A．theirworkoftenrequiresmuchexperienceB．theydonothaveachancetoshowtheirtalentsC．theyhavetolearnlessonsfromfailuresD．theyfailtorealizeearliertheimportanceofhardwork7．Theimportanceofwisdomliesinthefactthat.A．ithelpstoavoidvariousmistakesB．itcontributestoone’screativityC．itencouragesonetogoforwardinfaceofdifficultyD．itprovidestherightdirectionofefforts8．Thewritercametobelievethat.A．itisalwaysawasteoftimetomakeplansaboutthefutureB．itishumannaturetomakeattemptsonwhatlooksimpossibleC．oneshouldalwayschallengetheimpossibletopushthesocietyforwardD．onehastousewisdomindecidingwhatisthebestthingtodo【答案】5.B6.A7.D8.D【解析】本文为说明文。本篇文章主要说明了人类的大脑在20岁左右处于巅峰，在以后的成就多数是因为需要丰富的经验。除了头脑敏锐和经验丰富外，智慧也非常重要，因为智慧为人们提供了正确的努力方向。人们要用智慧来决定做什么才是最好的。5．推理判断题。根据第一段可知，在某些类型的活动中，人类的大脑在20岁早期处于巅峰状态，我们知道阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在20到25岁之间做出了所有震惊世界的发现，用余生来整理和安排这些发现。这更是印证了人类大脑在20年代初达到了巅峰(thehumanbrainisatitshighestpoint)，由此可推断出，本段主要研究人类大脑巅峰期(大脑的最敏锐)。B项中的sharpnessofthebrain(大脑最敏锐)与本段第三句中“thehumanbrainisatitshighestpoint”是同义词的关系。故选B。6．推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在某些其他类型的活动中(作家可能是其中一种)，经验比头脑的敏捷更重要，人们通常会发现一个人在他一生的晚期才达到顶峰。由此可推断出有些人在晚年取得成功是因为他们的工作中往往需要很多经验。分析选项可知A符合题意。故选A。7．推理判断题。第三段“Besidessharpnessofbrainandexperience，hereisanotherthingthatisveryimportant，andthatiswisdom...Learningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible;andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly，itislearningabouthumannature；howrealpeoplebehaveandreact，asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.”除了敏锐的头脑和丰富的经验外，还有一件事是非常重要的，那就是智慧。学习成为智者，要基本的了解什么是不可能的；学习有可能但又很困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是了解人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。由此可推断出智慧的重要性在于智慧能让人知道什么可做，什么不能做，即为人提供正确的努力方向。分析选项可知D项符合题意。故选D。8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Learningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible；andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly，itislearningabouthumannature；howrealpeoplebehaveandreact，asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.Onecanreadandhearlotsofidealisticstuffabouthowtomaketheworldabetterplace，whichwouldbefoundifitwasbasedonanaccurateobservationofhumannature，”成为智者，要大体上知道什么是不可能的。学习有可能但又如此困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是学习人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。人们可以读到和听到很多关于如何使世界变得更美好的理想主义的东西……由此可推断出聪明的人必须运用智慧来决定最好要做什么事。分析选项可知D项符合题意。故选D。C阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(2020·北京市海淀区高三一模)Incollege，Iwastaughtaneleganttheoryofchemicalbinationbasedonexcesselectronsgoingintoholesintheorbitalshellofaneighbouringatom.Butwhataboutdiatomicpoundslikeoxygengas?Don’task；studentsaren’treadytoknow.Inphysics，inbiology，inanyotherscienceclasses，studentsfrequentlygetthatanswertoo.It’stimetotruststudentstohandledoubtanddiversityinscience.Actually，studentsarestartingtoact.Theyhaveshamedtheirseniorsintoincludingmorediversecontributorsasfacultymembersandrolemodels.Youngscholarsrudelyasktheirsuperiorswhytheyfailtoaddresstheextinctioncrisesclarifiedbytheirresearch.Theinheritedauthoritarianpoliticalstructuresofscienceeducationarebeinglame—butstillremainlargelyunchangedfromtheoldschooldays.Anarrow，rigideducationdoesnotprepareanyonefortheplexitiesofscientificresearch，applicationsandpolicy.Ifwediscouragestudentsfrominquiringintotherealnatureofscientifictruths，orexploringhowsocietyshapesthequestionsthatresearchersaskhowcanwepreparethemtomaintainpublictrustinscienceinour“posttruth”world?Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity：wemustmakeroomforthem，andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.Inscience，evenfoundationalbuildingblockscanbequestioned.Theunifyingpatternsoftheperiodictablearenowquestionedundercloserexamination.Somescientistsnowwonderwhethertheconceptofbiological“species”contributesmoreconfusionthaninsight，andwhetheritshouldthereforebeabandoned.However，suchadecisionwouldaffectconservationpolicy，inwhichidentificationofendangeredspeciesiscrucial—soitisnotjustanissueforbasicscience.Sciencestudentsgenerallyremainunawarethatconceptssuchaselementsandspeciesarecontestedorareevencontestable.Inschool，collegeandbeyond，curriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective.Publicargumentsamongscientistsoftenpresumethateveryproblemhasjustonesolution.Nonetheless，uncertainadviceonplexissuesshouldbeawarningthat，fromafutureperspective，today’stotalscientificconsensusonsomepolicyissuemighthavebeentheresultofstubbornness，aconflictofinterestorworse.Justasahealthydemocracyacmodatesdissentanddissonance，thecollectiveconsciousnessofsciencewoulddowelltoembracedoubtanddiversity.Thiscouldstartwithteachingscienceasagreat，flawed，ongoinghumanachievement，ratherthanasacollectionofcutanddriedeternal(永久的)truths.Irecallalegendarychemistryprofessorwhowasnotskilfulatgettingclassroomdemonstrationstowork—butdiscussingwhatwentwronghelpedhisstudentstothrive.Amathematicianfriendletpupilsdiscusseverystatementinthetextbookuntilallweresatisfied.Theydidverywellinexams，andtaughtthemselveswhenhewasabsent.Treatingpeopleatalllevelsasmittedthinkers，whoseaskingteachesusall，isthekeytotacklingthechallengestoscienceintheposttrustage.9．Theproblemofcurrentsciencetrainingisthat.A．studentscannotbeespecialistsB．itgoesagainstestablishedscienceeducationC．studentslosetrustintheirteachersandprofessorsD．itfailstoprovidestudentswithwhattheyneedinfuture10．Theperiodictableismentionedtoprovethat.A．eventhewidelyacceptedcanbechallengedB．studentsaregenerallyignorantofscienceC．mostpreviousresearchesareoutofdateD．sciencehasbeendevelopingwithtime11．Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethat.A．studentsmaybemoreinnovativeiftheyareallowedtodoubtB．sciencestudentsdonotcontestelementsorspeciesC．studentsshouldnottrustestablishedscienceD．diversitypreventsprogressinscience12．Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsthewriter’sopinion?A．Ourcurriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective.B．Scienceshouldbeacollectionofcutanddriedeternaltruths.C．Teachersshouldtreatpeopleatalllevelsasmittedthinkers.D．Theconceptofbiologicalspeciesbringsmoreconfusionthaninsight.【答案】9.D10.A11.A12.C【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了在科学领域，我们要信任学生来处理科学中的怀疑和多样性，多样性和怀疑产生创造力，如果我们不鼓励学生探究科学真理的真实本质，或者不鼓励他们探索社会如何塑造研究人员提出的问题，那么我们如何让他们做好准备，在我们的“后真理”世界里保持公众对科学的信任。9．推理判断题。由第一段最后两句“Don’task；studentsaren’treadytoknow.Inphysics，inbiology，inanyotherscienceclasses，studentsfrequentlygetthatanswertoo.”(别问，学生们还没准备好知道。在物理学、生物学、任何其他科学课上，学生也经常得到这个答案。)，第三段第一句“Anarrow，rigideducationdoesnotprepareanyonefortheplexitiesofscientificresearch，applicationsandpolicy.”(狭隘、僵化的教育不能使任何人为科学研究、应用和政策的复杂性做好准备。)，可知当前科学培训的问题在于它不能为学生提供他们未来进行科学研究所需要的东西。故选D项。10．细节理解题。由第四段中的“Inscience，evenfoundationalbuildingblockscanbequestioned.Theunifyingpatternsoftheperiodictablearenowquestionedundercloserexamination.”(在科学领域，甚至基础的构成要素也可能受到质疑。现在元素周期表的统一模式正在更仔细的检查下被质疑。)，说明元素周期表即使是被广泛接受的，也可能会被质疑。故选A项。11．推理判断题。第三段最后一句“Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity：wemustmakeroomforthem，andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.”(多样性和怀疑产生创造力：我们必须为它们腾出空间，并停止引导未来的科学家进入狭隘的专业领域，即重视技术而不是思想。)，可推断出如果允许学生怀疑，学生可能更具创新性。故选A项。12．观点态度题。由最后一段最后一句“Treatingpeopleatalllevelsasmittedthinkers，whoseaskingteachesusall，isthekeytotacklingthechallengestoscienceintheposttrustage.”(把所有层次的人都当作坚定的思考者，他们的询问教会了我们所有人，这是在后信任时代应对科学挑战的关键。)，可知教师应该把所有层次的人看作是坚定的思考者，这能最好描述符合作者观点。故选C项。D阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(2020·北京市中国人民大学附属中学高三6月三模)Videochatisnowthegotooutletformanysocialdistancerslongingforsocialinteraction.Buthavingasuccessfulfeteisn’tonlyaquestionofhoppingoncamerawithfriendsandkickingoff.Socialgraceisabigpartofasuccessfulvirtualparty—andetiquettedoesn’tgooutthedoorjustbecauseyou’reinyourpajamasinfrontofacamera.IntroduceeveryonetothegroupGonearethedaysduringwhichyoucanintroduceyourselftonewpeopleatyourleisure.Instead，thesecondyouclick’JoinMeeting’，you’repushedinfrontofpotentiallydozensoffacesstaringstraightatyou.Thisisparticularlyproblematicifnoteveryoneonthecallknowseachother—Zoomitselfremendsshorticebreakingsessionsforeveryonetointroducethemselvesonmeetings.“Iliketousethewaitroom，”saysTamikoZablith，founderofMindingMannersInternational.“Forsecurityreasons，itmeansoutsidersdon’tecrashingintoyourmeeting.Butalso，youcanletpeopleeinoneatatime，andthenyoucantakethattimetointroducethemtothegroupaswell.”LearntheartofthepauseAnotherwildlyconfusingthingaboutZoomparties：everyonehastotalkoneatatime.There’snochanceforsmallgroupstoorganicallyform，forjokingtalktofillaroom，orforgueststotalkatthesametime.Thewholegroup，nomatterhowlarge，canonlylistentoonepersonatatime.That’swhyputtingpausesinyourspeechiscritical，especiallysincelowinternetspeedsorweirdaudiomaymeanit’seasyforsomeonetotalkoversomeoneelse，drowningoutwhattheyhavetosaytothegroup.“Iftheinternetisabitunreliable，youhavethoseunstablesignals.IfIkeeprambling，andtheotherpersonstarts，there’sthatdelay，”saysZablith.“Workthosepausesintoyourconversation.”KnowwhentochangebackgroundsUsingZoom’sbackgroundscanactuallybeacourtesytoeliminatedistractionsbehindyou.Hidingthosedirtydishesorpizzaboxes，orobscuringothermembersofthehouseholdingandgoing，eliminatesdistractionsandmakestheotherpeoplefeellikethey’regettingyourfullattention.“Wouldn’titbebetterifthatdistractionjustwasn’tthere？”Zablithsays，pointingtotheadvantageofvirtualbackgroundsbeingabletohideanythingunsightlybehindyou.Forothers，virtua