英语专业1993专八试卷

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(1993)-GRADEEIGHT-PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION (30min)PAPERONEInthispartofthetestyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectresponseforeachquestioninyourANSWERBOOKLETSECTIONACONVERSATIONQuestions1to5refertotheconversationinthissection.1.JanetisnothappyaboutPaul'sarrangementbecauseA.Paulhasn'ttoldherabouttheinvitation B.theaupairgirlwillstayathomeC.theirchildrencannotstayattheirfriend'shome D.Saturdayisabaddayforher2.Accordingtotheconversation,weknowthatSamUrwinisA.amaninchargeofcharityintown B.abusinessmanC.aschoolmateofJanet's D.aneighbouroftheirsinCanada3.ThefollowingstatementsaboutSamaretrueexceptA.SamisveryfondofduckandgoesoutshootingducksalotB.SamlikesgolfbetterthanshootingC.SamisJanet'sfavouritebackinCanadaD.Sampaysmuchattentiontohisfigure4.PaulwillbuythewineatA.apub B.ashopwheredrinksaresoldtotakeawayC.Downes' D.asupermarketnearhisoffice5.TheconversationtakesplaceA.inthecourseoftheirdinner B.inthekitchenbeforesupperC.inthesittingroomaftersupper D.lateintheafternoonSECTIONBTALKQuestions6toIDrefertothetalkinthissection.6.OnespecificdifferencebetweenanimalbrainandhumanbrainisA.thedivisionofsides B.thecontrollingfunctionsC.thecross-overeffect D.theverbalabilities7.PeoplegottoknowthingslikethespecializedabilitiesofthehumanbrainA.duringthelastdecade B.earlythiscenturyC.throughDrRogersBarry D.aftermanyexperiments8.The'SplitBrainExperiments'wereconsideredA.asurgicalexperimentwiththenerveB.ahelptothepatients'recoveryC.afurtherproofofwhathadbeenknownbeforeD.agreatstepinbrainresearch9.Therighthandwasstillabletowriteafterthesplittingofthebrain,becauseA.verbalabilityislocatedinthelefthemisphereB.thelefthemispherehasalogicfunctionC.therighthemispherecanrecognizeandrememberD.informationisgoingthroughthelefthemisphere10.Thistalkismainlyaboutr-AkthedifferentfunctionsofthetwohemispheresB.theSplitBrainExperimentsinCalifornia"C.thesynthesizingabilityofthehemispheresD.thedifferentwaysofinformationhandlingSECTIONCINTERVIEWQuestions11to15refertotheinterviewinthissection.11.ThewomansaidthatTVisamediumthatA.giveskidsalotofgoodinformationB.teacheskidstobepassiveC.teacheskidssomethingthattheycannotlearnfrombooksD.getskidssoexcitedthattheyliterallycomeoutoftheirchairs12.ThewomanpointedoutthatteachersareforcedintotheroleofhavingtocompetewithA.theexcitingfilmsthatkidsareshowninschoolB.thekindsofthingskidslearnfromtheirparentsathomeC.thekindsofprogrammeskidswatchonTVD.thegoodactingoftheactorsandactressesinfilms13.ThewomansaidthatsheusesanumberofeducationalfilmsinaclasssheteachesonA.minorities B.historyC.ancient,civilizations D.BlackAmericans14.Accordingtothewoman,whensheshowsfilmsinclass,thekidsalwaysseemtoA.missthereallyimportantpointsB.appreciatethereallyimportantpointsC.catchthereallyimportantpointsD.understandthereallyimportantpoints15.ThewomansaidthatthefactthatkidsaudiblyandvisiblyreactthewaytheydotocertainviolentscenesinthesefilmsisA.pessimistic B.understandableC.verysurprising D.sadSECTIONDNEWSBROADCASTQuestions16to20refertothenewsbroadcastinthissection.16.ThenewsfromLuxemburgtellsusthattheECministers A.aretryingtohelpmakepeaceB.cametovisitLuxemburgC.areinvolvedinYugoslavia'sethnicconflictD.havemadeasuccessfulcease-fire17.TheinformationconcerningPresidentBushisaboutA.hisattitudetowardsdevelopingcountriesB.hisopinionsofsomeformerUSSRrepublicsC.theUSactionfollowingothercountriesD.theUSrecognitionofLithuaniaTEM8-93-218.ThetropicalstorminSouthernIndiaA.wascausedbycyclonesB.wouldhavehadmoreseriouscasualtiesbutforcyclonesheltersC.wasbroughtaboutbythelandslidesD.loosenedtopsoilinSriLanka19.Thenumberofthefemalesenatorsinthe102ndCongresswas 20.BeforeshebecamethefirstBlackwomansenator,MissCarolMoseleyBraunA.workedinacountryclubofmenB.servedasanaideintheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommissionC.wastheRecorderofDeedsinIllinoisD.wasontheJudiciaryCommitteeinCaliforniaPARTIILISTENING&NOTE-TAKINGFilleachofgapswithONEword.Youmayrefertoyournotes.Makesurethewordyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable. TheCinemaThefirstmovingpictures,developedbyan(1)______inthe1890'swere (1)______differentfromwhatweknowaboutcinematoday.Becausethesoundandpictures (2)______werenot(2)______inadditiontothesmallnessofthescreens,the(3)______ (3)______whichhissystemwascalled,wasonlypopularizedinits(4)______form. (4) TheFrenchmendevelopedthesameprincipleandsucceededinexportingtheir(5)______.Cinematographe,toEurope,India,AustraliaandJapan.Butthefilms (5)______werestill(6)______and(4)______.Afterthat,greatadvancesweremadeincinema. (6)______In1903,withtheuseof(7)______cameras,animprovementonthe(13)______ (7)______cameras,TheGreatTrainRobbery,whichlasted(8)______minutes,wasmade. (8)______Inthefollowingyears,filmswerelongerandthe(9)______becamelargerandother (9)______refinementswereintroduced.Intheearly(10)______,withthedevelopment (10)______ofeffective(11)______system,themajorproblemof (11)______soundandpicture(12)______wassolved.Butoddlyenough,forafew (12)______years,thecamerashadtobe(13)______againtoreducethe (13)______(14)______oftheirmechanism.Thedevelopmentof (14)______(15)______wasthelastimportantchangeincinema.Thoughearlyfilms (15)______weregenerallyblackandwhite,peoplethoughttheyweremore(16)______ (16)______In1922,atwo-coloursystem,wasusedinthefirstreal(15)______films.Byusingthreemaincolours,(17)______wasimprovedin1932.Becauseoftheunstablequality, (17)______thescenes,sometimes(18)______,andhighcost,ittooklongerfor(15) (18)______tobeaccepted.Foralltheimprovementsinthe(19)______ofcinemaandthechangesinthe (19)______styleof(20)______,thebasics--movingpictures,colourandsound-remainthesame.(20)______PARTIIPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION (20MINS)Thefollowingpassagecontains17errors.Eachlinecontainsa,naxinurrnofoneerrorandthreearefreefromerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.

Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.

Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha"/"signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.

Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash"/"andputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.EXAMPLE

When∧artmuseumwantsanewexhibit,(1)an

Itneveradvance\l25╱buysthingsinfinishedformandhangs(2)never

themonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseum(3)

wantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit.(4)exhibitenbuildit.PARTIIIPROOFREADING(15min)Thefollowingpassagecontains17errors.Eachlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror,andthreearefreefromerror.Ineachcaseonlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldpassageandcorrectit.WhatisadrugMostofpeopleprobablethinkthere'sa 1.perfectlysimpleanswertothisquestion.Infact,ifone 2. carriesaquicksurveyonanystreetcorner,onefindsthat, 3. accordingtovastmajorityofpeople,therearetwogroupsof 4. drugs:thoseprescribedbydoctorsandthosepeopletakefor 5. non-medicaluse.Asmedicineandthemedicalprofessionare 6. generallyself-respectful,therearen'tanyobjectionstothe 7. useofprescribingdrugs.Whatmostpeopledon'trealizeis 8. thatwhenprescribeddrugsareusuallybeneficial,theycan 9. alsorepresentaseriousproblem.Thereweremanypeople 10. addictedbytranquillizersbeforedoctorsbegantoprescribe 11. them:nowtherebeingliterallymillionswhodependonthem. 12. Anacceptanceoftheuseofdrugsfornon-medicalreasonsis 13. largelyamatterofaculture.SomeEasternpeoplethinkthe 14. useofalcoholwithhorror,mainlyasaresultofreligious 15. upbringing.However,thesesimilarpeoplefreelyusemarijuana 16. withoutasecondthought,andthis,inturnisn'taccepted 17. inWesternculturewhichacceptsalcohol.InmostWestern 18. societies,thetea-orcoffee-break'snowapartofthelife,and 19. hugequantifiesofthesedrinksareeatendaily. 20. READINGCOMPREHENSION(40min)ReadTEXTA,anextractfromabookoneconomicpsychology,andanswerquestions41to44.TEXTAAscientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehaviour.Hemustobtaindatabothontheresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthattendtoencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.Ifaneconomistwereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost梡eoplewithrisingincomes,stableincomes,ordecliningincomes梙ewouldprobablyanswer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actually,intheyears1947-1950,theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedtheleast.Thisshowsusthattraditionalassumptionsaboutearningandspendingarenotalwaysreliable.Mothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogoup,theywillhastentobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodown,theywillpostponebuying.Butresearchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalwaystrue.Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.Onetypicalattitudewasexpressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewatatimeofrisingprices."Inafewmonths,shesaid,"we'llhavetopaymoreformeatandmilk;we'llhavelesstospendonotherthings."Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.Furthermore,theriseinpricesthathasalreadytakenplacemayberesentedaddbuyer'sresistancemaybeevoked.Thisisshownbythefollowingtypicalcomment:"Ijustdon'tpaytheseprices;theyaretoohigh."Traditionalassumptionsshouldbeinvestigatedcarefully,andfactorsoftimeandplaceshouldbeconsidered.TheinvestigationsmentionedabovewerecarriedoutinAmerica.InvestigationsconductedatthesametimeinGreatBritain,however,yieldedresultsthatweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostconductivetospendingappearstobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoconsiderthem"right"andexpectthemtoremainstable,theyarelikelytobuy.Thus,itappearsthatthecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepriceswithoccasionalsalesordiscountsisbasedonacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology.21.ThebesttitleofthepassageisA.Consumer'sPurchasingPowerB.RelationshipbetweenIncomeandPurchasingPowerC.TraditionalAssumptionsD.StudiesinConsumerBehaviour22.Theexampleofthemechanic'swifeisintendedtoshowthatintimesofrisingpricesA.peoplewithdecliningincometendtobuylessB.peoplewithstableincometendtoborrowlessC.peoplewithincreasingincometendtobuymoreD.peoplewithmoneyalsotendtobuyless23.FindingsininvestigationsinBritainarementionedtoshowA.factorsoftimeandplaceshouldbetakenintoconsiderationB.peopleinBritainbehaveinthesamewayasthoseinAmericaC.maintainingstablepricesisbasedonacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychologyD.occasionaldiscountsandsalesarenecessary24.AccordingtothepassagepeopletendtobuymorewhenA.pricesareexpectedtogoupB.pricesareexpectedtogodownC.pricesdon'tfluctuateD.thebusinesspolicyremainsunchangedReadTEXTB,anextractfromapopularsciencebook,andanswerquestions25to28.TEXTBWeedCommunitiesInanintactplantcommunity,undisturbedbyhumanintervention,thecompositionofacommunityismainlyafunctionoftheclimateandthetypeofsoil.Today',suchoriginalcommunitiesareveryrare梩heyarepracticallylimitedtonationalparksandreservations.Civilizationhasprogressivelytransformedtheconditionsdeterminingthecompositionofplantcommunities.Forseveralthousandyearsvastareasofarablelandhavebeenhoed,ploughed,harrowedandgrasslandhasbeencutorgrazed.Duringthelastdecadestheuseofchemicalsubstances,suchasfertilizersandmostrecentlyofweedkillers(herbicides)hasgreatlyinfluencedthecompositionofweedcommunitiesinfarmland.Allselectiveherbicideshavespecificrangesofactivity.Theycontrolthemostimportantweedsbutnotalltheplantsofacommunity.Thelatterprofitfronithenewfreespaceandfromthefertilizerasmuchasthecropdoes;hencetheyoftenspreadrapidlyandbecomeproblemweedsunlessanotherherbicidefortheireradicationisfound.Thesoilcontainsenormousquantitiesofseedsofnumerousspecies梪ptohalfamillionperm'accordingtoscientificliterature梩hatretaintheirabilitytogerminatefordecades.Thusitmayoccurthatweedsthatwerehardlynoticedbeforeemergeinmassesaftertheeliminationoftheircompetitors.Hence,theknowledgeofthecompositionofweedcommunitiesbeforeselectiveweedkillersareappliedisnotonlyofscientificinterestsincetheplantspeciespresentinthesoilintheformofseedsmustbeconsideredaspotentialweeds.Forefficientcontroltheidentificationofweedsattheseedlingstage,.atatimewhentheycanstillbecontrolled,isparticularlynecessary;forthechoiceoftheappropriateherbicidesdependsonthecompositionoftheweedcommunity.25.Thecompositionofaplantcommunity -A.dependsonclimateandsoiltypeinavirginenvironmentundamagedbyhumanbeingsB.wasgreatlyaffectedbyhumanbeingsbeforetheystartedusingchemicalsubstancesonthesoilC.wasradicallytransformedbyuncivilizedhumanbeingsD.referstoplants,trees,climate,typeofsoilandtheecologicalenvironment26.WhyarethereproblemweedsA.Becausetheyaretheweedsthatcannotbeeradicatedbyherbicides.B.Becauseallselectiveherbicidescanencouragethegrowthofpreviouslyunimportantweedsbyeliminatingtheircompetitors.C.Becausetheywerehardlyconsideredbeforesothattheirseedswerenotpreventedfromgerminating.D.Becausetheybenefitgreatlyfromthefertilizerappliedtothefarmland.27.AknowledgeofthecompositionofaweedcommunityA.isessentialtotheefficientcontrolofweedsB.mayleadustobeawareofthefactthatthesoilcontainsenormousquantitiesofseedsofnumerousspeciesC.helpsustohaveagoodideaofwhyseedscanliedormantforyearsD.providesuswiththemeanstoidentifyweedsattheseedlingstage28.ThebestalternativetitleforthepassagewillbeA.AstudyofWeedCommunitiesB.TheImportanceofStudyingHowPlantsLiveinCommunitiesC.HowHerbicidesMayAffectFarmLandD.WeedControlbyMeansofHerbicidesReadTEXTC,anextractfromanovel,andanswerquestions29to31.TEXTCRajuandHisFather’sShopMymothertoldmeastoryeveryeveningwhilewewaitedforFathertoclosetheshopandcomehome.Theshopremainedopentillmidnight.Bullock-cartsinlongcaravansarrivedlateintheeveningfromdistantvillages,loadedwithcoconut,rice,andothercommoditiesforthemarket.Theanimalswereunyokedunderthebigtamarindtreeforthenight,andthecartmendriftedintwosandthreestotheshop,forachatortoaskforthingstoeatorsmoke.Howmyfatherlovedtodiscusswiththemthepriceofgrain,rainfall,harvest,andthestateofirrigationchannels.Ortheytalkedaboutoldlitigations.Oneheardrepeatedreferencestomagistrates,affidavits,witnessesinthecase,andappeals,punctuatedwithroarsoflaughter梡ossiblythememoryofsomeabsurdlegalityorloopholetickledthem.Myfatherignoredfoodandsleepwhenhehadcompany.Mymothersentmeoutseveraltimestoseeifhecouldbemadetoturnin.Hewasamanofuncertaintemperandonecouldnotreallyguesshowhewouldreacttointerruptions,andsomymothercoachedmetogoup,watchhismood,andgentlyremindhimoffoodandflorae.Istoodundertheshop-awning,coughingandclearingmythroat,hopingtocatchhiseye.Butthetalkwasall-absorbingandhewouldnotglanceinmydirection,andIgotabsorbedintheirtalk,althoughIdidnotunderstandawordofit.Afterawhilemymother'svoicecamegentlyonthenightair,calling,Raju,Raju,'andmyfatherinterruptedhisactivitiestolookatmeandsay,Tellyourmothernottowaitforme.Tellhertoplaceahandfulofriceandbuttermilkinabowl,withjustonepieceoflimepickle,andkeepitintheovenforme.I'11comeinlater.Itwasalmostaformulawithhimfivedaysinaweek.Healwaysadded,NotthatI'mreallyhungrytonight.'AndthenIbelievehewentontodiscusshealthproblemswithhiscronies.ButIdidn'tstoptohearfurther.Imadeaquickdashbackhome.Therewasadarkpatchbetweenthelightfromtheshopandthedimlanternsheddingitslightonourthreshold,,amatterofabouttenyards,-Isuppose,butthepassagethroughitgavemeacoldsweat.Iexpectedwildanimalsandsupernaturalcreaturestoemergeandgrabme.Mymotherwaitedonthedoorsteptoreceivemeandsaid.Nothungry,Isuppose!That'llgivehimanexcusetotalktothevillagefolkallnight,andthencomeinforanhour'ssleepandgetupwiththecrowingofthatfoolishcocksomewhere.Hewillspoilhishealth.Ifollowedherintothekitchen.Sheplacedmyplateandherssidebysideonthefloor,drewtherice-potwithinreach,andservedmeandherselfsimultaneously,andwefinishedourdinnerbythesootytinlamp,stuckonanailinthewall.Sheunrolledamatformeinthefrontroom,andIlaydowntosleep.Shesatatmyside,awaitingFather'sreturn.Herpresencegavemeafeelingofinexplicablecosiness.IfeltIoughttoputherproximitytogooduse,andcomplained,Somethingisbotheringmyhair,andsheranherfingersthroughmyhair,andscratchedthenapeofmyneck.AndthenIcommanded,Astory.'Immediatelyshebegan,OnceuponatimetherewasamancalledDevaka'Iheardhisnamementionedalmosteverynight.Hewasahero,saint,orsomethingofthekind.Ineverlearnedfullywhathedidorwhy,sleepovercomingmebeforemymotherwasthrougheventhepreamble.29.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTwhatwecaninferfromtheconversationbetweenFatherandthecartmenA.Sometimesduringlawsuits,onesideortheothertrickedthelaw,probablybyfindingfaultsinthelegalcodewhichwerefavourabletothemselves.B.Thereweretimeswhenthecourtscametofoolishdecisions.C.Mattersrelatedtofarmingwereofgreatinteresttothem.D.Themagistrateswereludicrous.30.WhichofthefollowingoccurredbeforeRajuwenttosleepA.Hefeltuncomfortabletolieonthematpreparedbyhismotherandcomplainedthattherewassomethingitching.B.Afterhelaydowntosleephewantedhismothertomoveasclosetohimaspossible.C.HelearnedalotaboutthelegendaryheroDevakafromthestorywhichhismothertoldhimbeforehewenttosleep.D.Hisfatherreturnedsoonafterheandhismotherfellasleep.31:yibichofthefollowingdidNOThappenwhenhisfatherstayedonattheshopafterclosingtime–A:Hisfatherreturnedhomeverylatefromtheshopandatewhathadbeensetasideforhim.B.Hismothersenthimseveraltimestotheshoptoseeifhecouldcallhisfatherhome.C.Aroundmidnight,hisfathercamehomeandatethenighttimemealwithhimandhismother.D.Hisfathersleptforashortwhilebeforehegotupwhenthecockcrowed.ReadTEXTD,anextractfromabookonshort-termmemory,andanswerquestions32to35.TEXTDPsychologistsstudymemoryandlearningwithbothanimalandhumansubjects.Thetwoexperimentsreviewedhereshowhowshort-termmemoryhasbeenstudied.Hunterstudiedshort-termmemoryinrats.Heusedaspecialapparatuswhichhadacagefortheratandthreedoors.Therewasalightineachdoor.Firsttheratwasplacedintheclosedcage.Nextoneofthelightswasturnedonandthenoff.%.Therewasfoodfortheratonlyatthisdoor.Afterthelightwasturnedoff,therathadtowaitashorttimebeforeitwasreleasedfromitscage.Then,ifkwenttothecorrectdoor,itwasrewardedwiththefoodthatwasthere.Hunterdidthisexperimentmanytimes.Healwaysturnedonthelightsinarandomorder.Therathadtowaitdifferentintervalsbeforeitwasreleasedfromthecage.Hunterfoundthatiftherathadto.waitmorethantenseconds,itcouldnotrememberthecorrectdoor.Hunter'sresultsshowthatratshaveashort-termmemoryofabouttenseconds.HenningstudieshowstudentswholearningEnglishasasecondlanguageremembervocabulary.Thesubjectsinhisexperimentwere75studentsattheUniversityofCaliforniainLosAngeles.TheyrepresentedalllevelsofabilityinEnglish.beginning,intermediate,advanced;andnative-speakingstudents.Tobegin,thesubjectslistenedtoarecordingofanativespeakerreadingaparagraphinEnglish.Followingtherecording,thesubjectstooka15-questiontesttoseewhichwordstheyremembered.Eachquestionhadfourchoices.Thesubjectshadtocirclethewordtheyhadheardintherecording.Someofthequestionshadfourchoicesthatsoundalike.Forexample,weather,whether,wither,andwetterarefourwordsthatsoundalike.Someofthequestionshadfourchoicesthathavethesamemeaning.Method,way,manner,andsystemwouldbefourwordswiththesamemeaning.Someofthemhadfourunrelatedchoices.Forinstance,weather,method,love,resultcouldbeusedasfourunrelatedwords.Finallythesubjectstookalanguageproficiencytest.HenningfoundthatstudentswithalowerproficiencyinEnglishmademoreoftheirmistakesonwordsthatsoundalike;studentswithahigherproficiencymademoreoftheirmistakesonwordsthathavethesamemeaning.Henning'sresultssuggestthatbeginningstudentsholdthesoundofwordsintheirshort-termmemory,andadvancedstudentsholdthemeaningofwordsintheirshort-termmemory.32.InHunter'sexperiment,therathadtorememberA.wherethefoodwas B.howtoleavethecageC.howbigthecagewas D.whichlightwasturnedon33.HunterfoundthatratsA.canrememberonlywheretheirfoodisB.cannotlearntogotothecorrectdoorC.haveashort-termmemoryofone-sixthaminuteD.havenoshort-termmemory34.Henningtestedthestudents'memoryofA.wordscopiedseveraltimes B.wordsexplainedC.wordsheard D.wordsseen35.Henning-concludedthatbeginningandadvancedstudentsA.havenodifficultyholdingwordsintheirshort-termmemoryB.havemuchdifficultyholdingwordsintheirshort-termmemoryC.differinthewaytheyretainwordsD.holdwordsintheirshort-termmemoryinthesamewayReadTEXTE,abookreview,andanswerquestions36to40.TEXTEGoalTrimmerTITLE:THEENDOFEQUALITYAUTHOR:MICKEYKAUSPUBLISHER:BASICBOOKS;293PAGES;$25THEBOTTOMLINE:LettheAmericanrichgetricher,saysKaus,andthepoorgetrespects.That'saplanfortheDemocratsByRICHARDLACAYOUTIOPIASARESUPPOSEDTOBEdreamsofthefuture.ButtheAmericanUtopiaLatelyit'sadreamthatwas,atwilitmemoryoftheGoldenAgebetweenV-JdayandOPEC,whenevenablue-collarpaycheckboughtaplaceinthemiddleclass.ThepromiseofparadiseregainedhasbecomeakeytotheDemocraticpartypitch.MickeyKaus,asenioreditoroftheNewRepublic,saystheDemocratsarewastingtheirtime.Asthe"Liberalismwouldbelessdepressingifithadamoreattainableend.Kauswrites,"agoalshortofmoneyequality."LiberalDemocratsshouldembraceanaimhecallscivicequality.Ifgovernmentcan'tbringeveryoneintothemiddleclass,letitexpandtheareasoflifeinwhicheveryone,regardlessofincome,receivesthesametreatment.Nationalhealthcare,improvedpublicschools,universalnationalserviceandgovernmentfinancingofnearlyallelectioncampaigns,whichwouldfreezeoutspecial-interestmoney梩herearetheunobjectionablecomponentsofhisenlargedpublicsphere.Kausisrighttofearthehardeningofclasslines,butwrongtothinkthestressescanberelievedwithoutacontinuingefforttoboostincomeforthebottomhalf."No,wecan'ttellthemthey'11berich,"headmits."Orevencomfortablywell-off.Butwecanofferthematleastamaterialminimumandagoodshotatclimbinguptheladder.Andwecanofferthemrespect."AndwhatmighttheyofferbackTheBronxhadarudecheerforit.AgoodchunkoftheDemocraticcoreconstituencywouldprobablypeeloff.AtthecenterofKaus'bookisathoughtfulbutnolessriskyproposaltodynamitewelfare.Herightlyunderstandshowfearandloathingofthechronicallyunemployedunderclasshaveencouragedmiddle-incomeAmericanstofleefromeveryonebelowthemontheclassscale.Theonlywaytoeliminatewelfaredependency,Kausmaintains,isbycuttingoffchecksforallable-bodiedrecipients,includingsinglemotherswithchildren.Hewouldhavegovernmentprovidetheminsteadwithjobsthatpayslightlylessthantheminimumwage,earned-incometaxcreditstonudgethemoverthepovertyline,drugcounselling,jobtrainingand,ifnecessary,daycarefortheirchildren.Kausdoesn'tsellthisassocialpolicyonthecheap.Heexpectsitwouldcostupto$59billionayearmorethanthe$23billionalreadyspentannuallyonwelfareintheU.S.Andheknowsitwouldbepoliticallyperilous,becausehesuggestspayingfortheplanbyraidingSocialSecurityfundsandtrimmingbenefitsforupper-incomeretirees.Yetheconsidersitmoneywellspentifitwouldundotheknotofchronicpovertyandhelpfosterclassrapprochement.Anditwouldbetoo.Butoneadvantageofbeinganauthoristhatyouonlyaskpeopletolistentoyou,nottovoteforyou.36.AccordingtoMickeyKaus,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueA.Methodslikeevadingincometaxorprovidingmorechancesforjobtraini