2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练Unit3FoodandCulture新人教版选择性必修第二册含答案

Unit3FoodandCulture一、阅读理解ARoughlyone-thirdofthefoodproducedintheworldforhumanconsumptioneveryyear—approximately1.3billiontonnes—getslostorwasted.AndinSingapore665，000tonnesoffoodwastewasproducedin2020，amountingto$342million，only19％ofwhichwasrecycled.ChuaKai-Ningandherpartner，PhuaJunWei，foundedInsecttain2017.TheyarebattlingSingapore’sfoodwastewiththehelpoftheblacksoldierflylarva—theimmatureformofafly."TheideabehindInsecttaisthatnothinggoestowaste，"saidChua."Wastecanbereimaginedasaresourceifwechangehowwethinkaboutourproductionmethods，andhowwedealwithwaste."Thewormsofblacksoldierfliesconsumeuptoeighttonsoffoodwastepermonth.Insecttacanthenflashdrythewormsintoanimalfeed，andusetheinsects’excrement（粪便）foragriculture.AccordingtoChua，Insecttaisextractingmorethanagriculture-relatedproductsfromblacksoldierflies."Duringtheresearchanddevelopment，werealizedthatalotofpreciousbiomaterialsthathavealreadygotmarketvaluecanbegainedfromtheseflies，"Chuasaid.Insecttahasdevelopedtechnologytogetbiomaterialsfromtheexoskeleton（外骨骼）theyleavebehind.Oneofthesebiomaterialsischitosan，anantimicrobial（抗菌的）materialsometimesusedinmakeupandmedicine.Insecttaaimstoeventuallyproduce500kilogramsofchitosanaday.InsecttaisnowworkingwithSingapore-basedSpaEspritGroupfortheuseofthechitosaninitsskincareproducts.ItalsojoinshandswiththefacemaskbrandVi-Mask，whichhopestousethechitosantomakeanantimicrobiallayerwithinitsproducts.世界上每年都有大量的食物被浪费，新加坡的一家名为Insectta的公司利用黑水虻解决食品废弃物，把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，并从黑水虻的外骨骼中提取出了可用于化妆品和药品等的材料。【词语积累】amountto总计，共计；等同于，相当于joinhands携手合作，联合，合伙【长难句解读】＂Duringtheresearchanddevelopment，werealizedthatalotofpreciousthat引导的宾语从句，biomaterials(thathavealreadygotmarketvalue)canbegainedfromtheseflies，＂Chuasaid.其中包含一个that引导的定语从句译文：Chua说："在研究和开发中，我们意识到，许多已经有市场价值的珍贵的生物材料可以从这些黑水虻身上获取。"1.Whatdothefiguresinparagraph1show？A.Thedifficultyinrecyclingfoodwaste.B.Theseriousnessoffoodwaste.C.Theurgencyofreducingfoodconsumption.D.Theeffortatbattlingfoodwaste.解析B推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，全世界每年有大约13亿公吨的食物被浪费，2020年新加坡产生了665000公吨食品废弃物，其中只有19％得到了回收。由此可知，作者通过列数字的方式来表明食物浪费的严重性，故选B项。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"extracting"inparagraph3mean？A.Protecting. B.Obtaining.C.Learning. D.Recycling.解析B词义猜测题。由第三段中的"usetheinsects’excrement（粪便）foragriculture"可知，该公司把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，再结合下文可知，该公司还从黑水虻的外骨骼中获取了抗菌生物材料。由此可推知，该公司从黑水虻身上获取的不只是与农业相关的产品，故画线词的含义应是"获取"，B项切题。3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutchitosan？A.Ithasawiderangeofuses.B.ItbringsfewprofitstoInsectta.C.Ithasbeenappliedtomasks.D.Itisfoundinthefly’sexcrement.解析A推理判断题。由最后一段中的"usedinmakeupandmedicine""fortheuseofthechitosaninitsskincareproducts...tomakeanantimicrobiallayerwithinitsproducts"可知，这种抗菌材料可用于化妆品和药物中，也可用于护肤产品中，还可用于口罩的抗菌层。由此可知，这种抗菌材料用途广泛，故选A。4.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext？A.InsectsprovideawaytorecyclefoodwasteB.NewtechnologyisdevelopedtofightfoodwasteC.InsecttaisusinginsectstoturnwasteintotreasureD.Singaporeisbenefitingfromtheinsect-basedindustry解析C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章的主要内容是：世界上每年都有大量的食物被浪费，新加坡的一家名为Insectta的公司利用黑水虻解决食品废弃物，把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，还从黑水虻的外骨骼中提取出了可用于化妆品和药品等的材料。C项做标题最佳。B[科技创新/]DinersinJapanmaysoonbeabletocuttheirsaltintakewithoutneedingtosacrifice（牺牲）flavor.Researchersrecentlyannouncedtheydevelopedelectricchopsticksthatincreasesaltinessoffoods.Co-developedbyMeijiUniversityprofessorHomeiMiyashitaanddrinkproducerKirinHoldingsCompany，Limited，thechopsticksimprovetastesusingelectricalstimulationandamini-computerattachedtoawrist."Thedeviceusesaweakelectricalcurrenttosendsodiumions（钠离子）fromfood，throughthechopsticks，tothemouthwheretheycreateasenseofsaltiness，"saidMiyashita."Asaresult，thesaltytasteincreasesby1.5times."Thetaste-improvingchopsticksmayhaveparticularrelevancetothetraditionaldietinJapan，whichtendstobehighinsalt.TheaverageJapaneseadulteatsabout10gramsofsalteachday.ThatisalmosttwotimestheamountsuggestedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.Highsodiumintakeislinkedtoincreasedcasesofhighbloodpressure，strokesandotherconditions."Topreventthesediseases，weneedtoreducetheamountofsaltwetake，"saidKirinresearcherAiSato.SatoaddedthatifJapanesepeopletrytoreducesaltintakeintheusualways，theywillneedtocutmanyoftheirfavoritefoodsfromtheirdiet.Otherwise，theywouldhavetoeatflavorlessfood."Iwanttooverturntheideathatlowsaltmeansnoflavor，"Miyashitadeclared."Thechopsticksmakeitpossibletokeepenjoyingthefoodswelove，andinahealthierway."Hewasconfidentthatthechopstickscanhelppeoplemakebetterdecisionsabouttheirdietandhopedtohavethemreadytosellasearlyasnextyear.Miyashitaandhisresearchteamhaveexploreddifferentwaysthattechnologycaninteractwithhumansenses.Hehasalsodevelopedatelevisionscreenthatapersoncanlick（舔）totastedifferentfoodflavors.Meanwhile，researchisalsounderwaytodevelopothereatingtoolswithspecialfunctionslikeelectricspoonsandforksusingtechnology.本文是说明文。日本的传统饮食盐味较重，过量的钠的摄入增加了日本人患高血压、中风和其他相关疾病的风险。最近，日本的研究人员发明了一种电动筷子，这种筷子可以在不额外增加食物的盐含量的同时增加食物的咸味。【词语积累】intaken.（食物、饮料等的）摄取量，吸入量relevancen.关联，有关overturnv.推翻underwayadj.在进行中的【熟词生义】1.current常用义：adj.当前的，现在的文中义：n.电流2.condition常用义：n.状况，状态文中义：n.（因不可能治愈而长期患有的）疾病1.Whowouldprobablybeinterestedintheelectricchopsticks？A.Thosestickingtoabalanceddiet.B.Thosehavingeatingdisorders.C.Thosepreferringhomemadefood.D.Thosewantingtotakeinlesssalt.解析D细节理解题。由文章第一段中的"DinersinJapanmaysoonbeabletocuttheirsaltintake"可知，这种电动筷子对想要减少盐摄入量的人有吸引力，故D项正确。2.WhyistraditionalJapanesedietmentioned？A.TointroducewhatJapanesedietislike.B.Tostresshowimportantchopsticksareforit.C.ToshowwhatinfluenceithasontheJapanese.D.Toexplainwhyelectricchopsticksareinvented.解析D推理判断题。由题干中的"traditionalJapanesediet"可将解题信息定位至第三段。由本段对日本传统饮食的介绍可知，日本的传统饮食盐味较重。普通的日本成年人每天摄入的盐量几乎是世界卫生组织建议的两倍。高钠摄入量与高血压、中风和其他疾病病例的增加有关。如果日本人以平常的方式减少盐的摄入，他们将需要舍弃许多他们喜欢的食物。否则，他们将不得不吃寡淡无味的食物。再结合上文中提到的电动筷子可以增加食物的咸味可推知，文中提及日本传统饮食是为了解释研究人员发明电动筷子的原因。综上可知，本题选D。3.WhatdoesMiyashitaexpectoftheelectricchopsticks？A.They’llreachconsumersinthenearfuture.B.They’llhelpchangepeople’seatinghabits.C.They’llbedevelopedintovariousversions.D.They’llinspireawholenewlineofresearch.解析A细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的"thechopstickscanhelppeople...hopedtohavethemreadytosellasearlyasnextyear"可知，本题选A。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A.Benefitsoflow-sodiumdiets.B.ImprovementstotheJapanesediet.C.Electricchopsticksincreasingsaltytaste.D.Aninventionmakingfoodmoredelicious.解析C主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是第一段中的"Researchersrecentlyannouncedtheydevelopedelectricchopsticksthatincreasesaltinessoffoods"可知，本文主要介绍的是研究者发明的一种能够增加食物咸味的电动筷子，故C项正确。二、七选五OnourseconddayinChina，we’dalreadybeenaskedtojointheschoolforsupper.Nervousandunsureofthefoodandtablemanners，wepolitelyagreed.1Andnowmyfirstdiningexperiencewouldbewiththeschoolstaff.Comparedwiththerestaurantsinmyhometown，Chineseonesareloudandbusy.2Theatmosphereiswarmandchaotic；peoplearehappy.Thetablesarebigandround.InChineseculturethemostimportantpersonsitsfacingthedoor.Platesoffoodsoonstartedarriving.AndthenIwishedI’dworkedonmychopstickskillsbefore.3Thismeansorderinglotsoffoodandencouragingyoutokeepeating.Italsomeansdrinkinganddrinking.You’llneverhaveanemptyglass.It’spolitetotryeverything，butifyouknowme，youwouldknowIdon’teateverything.Freshfish？Sure，anentirefishontheplatestaringatyouwhileyoupickatit.Notforme.4No，thanks！Thelungofapig？I’llpass.ItseemsthattheChinesereallyeateverything！EverydayI’mpushedoutofmycomfortzone.5Theexperienceitselfisquiteamazing.I’velearnedalot，yetthere’sstillsomuchtolearn.Itsureisdifferentfrommycultureandwayofliving，butbeingintheirshoesandseeinglifethroughtheireyeshavereallyhelpedmetounderstand.AndIlookforwardtodiscoveringmore！A.Igraduallygotusedtothelifehere.B.TheChinesearesofriendlyandhospitable.C.Snailswiththeirshellcrushedandcookedintoameal？D.Butforthemostpart，IdiscoversomethingIreallyenjoy.E.Peoplerinse（冲洗）theirbowlsandchopsticksfirstwithhotwater.F.ComingtoChina，thethingIwasmostnervousaboutwasthefood.G.Peopleareshouting，laughing，drinkingandkidsarerunningaroundfreely.了解一个国家的地道文化可以从饭桌上开始。吃吃喝喝中，品尝的是别具特色的美食，感受的是异域的独特氛围，谈论的是关乎彼此的凡人俗事，体验的是浓郁的烟火气息！1.FF项中的thethingIwasmostnervousaboutwasthefood与空前句子中的unsureofthefood以及空后句子中的myfirstdiningexperience相照应。2.GG项所说的情况是对"Chineseonesareloudandbusy"的具体说明。3.BB项指明了第三段的主旨大意，"orderinglotsoffoodandencouragingyoutokeepeating"以及"drinkinganddrinking"皆诠释了中国人的友善与好客。4.CC项与"Freshfish？"和"Thelungofapig？"吻合。5.DD项与"EverydayI’mpushedoutofmycomfortzone"之间为转折关系，且空后的句子是对D项中something的具体说明。三、完形填空Oneday，BaltimorerestaurantownerSteveChulearnedoneofhislongtimecustomers，anoldlady，waslosingherbattlewithcancer.Chu1todrivesixhourstoVermonttocookherfavoritedishforherratherthansharehisrecipeatherson-in-lawBrandon’srequest.HerdaughterRinaknowshowmuchthedishfromChu’srestaurant2toher."Shealwaystoldus，‘WhenI’monmydeathbed，Iwanttohavethatbroccoli，’"Rinasaid."Actually，whenIwaspackingonFridaytodrivetoVermont，Icalledherin3toseeifshewantedustobringanythingspecialandshe4said，‘Tempurabroccoli！’"AfterconfirminghisplanswithRinaandBrandon，Chu，togetherwithhistwocolleagues，madethe5toVermont.Thenextmorning，theysetupamakeshift（临时代替的）kitcheninthebedoftheirtruckatthelady’shouse.Whenthedishwas6，theteamrangthedoorbell.WhentheoldladyopenedherdoorandsawChu’sfamiliar7withthedish，shecouldhardlybelievehereyes."Idon’tunderstand！Youdroveallthewayupheretocookforme？"shecriedwitha（n）8expressiononherface.Chuimmediatelyrecognizedherthemomenthesawher."We’veseenmany9comeandgo.However，shealways10，notonlyinthewaysheenjoysmycookingbutinalwaysmakingsureto11thedishestomyrestaurantstaff，"Chusaid.Theirmissionaccomplished，Chuandhiscolleaguesturneddownanoffertostayfordinner，alsorefusingtotakeany12.RinaJonesreportedChu’sgenerosityleftherandhermomwithtearsof13."She’salovelylady，whohasshowereduswithloveatourrestaurantforyears，"Chusaid，addingitwasanhonortohelp14thefamily’swish."Itwasameaningful15，andI’mhappythatwecouldmakeithappen，"hesaid.老人患癌性命危，佳肴一道挂在心；女婿设法求菜谱，厨师果断献爱心，开车疾行六小时，亲往烹饪慰老人！1.A.hesitated B.continuedC.competed D.offered解析D厨师主动提出开六个小时的车，亲自去给老人做菜。offertodo（sth.）表示"主动做某事"。2.A.means B.owesC.devotes D.sends解析A老人的女儿知道这道菜对母亲的意义有多重大。mean在此表示"意味着"。3.A.secret B.surpriseC.advance D.anger解析C老太太的女儿提前给母亲打电话看她想不想让带什么特别的东西。inadvance