中考英语语法重难点讲解

汇报人：XX2024-02-03中考英语语法重难点讲解目录VerbTenseandVoiceSelectionofguidewordsfornounclausesSelectionofrelativepronounsandadverbsinrelativeclauses目录TheapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinvarioussentencestructuresModalverbsindicatespeculationandpossibilityNonfineverbsasadvisorsandcompletionThePrincipleofSubjectverbConsistencyandCommonTypesofErrors01VerbTenseandVoicePresenttenseExpressionsactionsorstatesthatoccurinthepresentationtime,usingverbsintheirbaseform(e.g.,"Iwalk"or"Shesings")PresentcontinuoustenseDescribesactionsorstatesthatarehappeningnowandofsuggestionstemporaryorongingactivities(e.g.,"Iamwalking"or"Sheissinging")PresenttenseandpresentcontinuoustenseUseofpresenttenseTodescribehats,routes,generaltruths,andscheduledeventsinthepresentUseofpresentcontinuoustenseTodescribeactionshappeningatthemomentofspeaking,toexpressfuturearrangements,andtoemphasizecurrentprogressortemporarysituationsPresenttenseandpresentcontinuoustenseVSExpressionsactionsorstatesthatoccurredinthepast,usingverbswith"-ed"endingsorirregularforms(e.g.,"Iwalked"or"Shesang")PastcontinuoustenseDescribesactionsorstatesthatwerehappeningataspecifictimeinthepastandmanysuggestionsinterruptedorongingactivities(e.g.,"Iwaswalking"or"Shewassinging")SimplepasttenseSimplepasttenseandpastcontinuoustenseTodescribecompletedactionsoreventsinthepast,tonarrativestories,andtoexpresspasthatsorroutesUseofsimplepasttenseTodescribeactionsthatwereinprogressataspecifictimeinthepast,toprovidebackgroundinformationinastory,andtocontrastwithanotherpastactionUseofpastcontinuoustenseSimplepasttenseandpastcontinuoustenseThemostcommonwaytoexpressfutureactionsorstates,usingthemodalverb"will"followedbythebaseformoftheverb(e.g.,"Iwillgo"or"Shewillsing")Will+verbAnothercommonwaytoexpressfutureintentionsorpredictions,usingthephrase"goingto"followedbythebaseformoftheverb(e.g.,"Iamgoingtogo"or"Sheisgoingtosing")Goingto+verbFuturetenserepresentationmethodToexpressfrontierdecisions,offers,promises,andpredictionsaboutthefutureUseofwillToexpressplans,intentions,andarrangementsthathavealreadybeenmadeforthefutureUseofgoingtoFuturetenserepresentationmethodPassivevoicecomposition:beverb(variesaccordingtotenseandsubjectform)+pastparticiple(wordindicatingactionorstate)Passivevoiceusage:Whentheexecutoroftheactionisunknownorunnecessarytosay,whenitisnecessarytoemphasizethereceiveroftheaction,andwhenitisnecessarytouseagentleandpolitetone.Commonpassivevoicesentencepatterns:ItissaidthatItissaidthat,TheworkistobedonetomorrowThisworkwillbecompletedtomorrow.Attention:Whenusingpassivevoice,payattentiontothepositionoftheactionexecutor.Ifitisnecessarytoindicatetheactionexecutor,usebytoderivetheactionexecutor.Atthesametime,itisimportanttopayattentiontothedifferencebetweenpassivevoiceandreferentialstructuretoavoidconfusion.TheCompositionandUsageofPassiveVoice02SelectionofguidewordsfornounclausesThathasnomeaning,doesnotserveasanelementinasentence,onlyservesasaguideandcannotbeomitted.Itisoftenusedindeclarativesentences."What"Canguidethesubjectclause,indicating"yes",cannotbereplacedwith"if"atthebeginningofthesentence.Who/who/who/who/what/which/who/who/who/whoallserveascorrespondingcomponentsinthesentenceandcannotbeomitted.SubjectclauseguideandusageObjectclauseintroducersandtheirusageTheobjectclauseofadeclarativesentencethatdoesnothaveanycomponentintheclause,hasnoactualmeaning,andcanbeomitted.If/whyIntroducetheobjectclauseofageneralquestion,indicating"whether",withoutanyelementintheclause.SpecialinterrogativewordsObjectclausesthatguidespecialinterrogativesentences.Thesewordsserveascorrespondingsentencecomponentsintheclausesandcannotbeomitted.ThatThat:Adeclarativeclausethatdoesnotcontainanyelements,hasnoactualmeaning,andcannotbeomitted.Specialinterrogativewords:indicativeclausesthatguidespecialinterrogativesentences.Thesewordsserveascorrespondingsentencecomponentsintheclausesandcannotbeomitted."What"referstotherelativeclauseofageneralinterrogativesentence,indicating"whetherornot".Itdoesnotformanycomponentsintheclauseandcannotbeomitted.IntroductionwordsandusageofpredicateclausesWhenguidingappositiveclauses,itservesasaconnectingelementanddoesnotformanyactualmeaningintheclause.Itcannotbeomitted.Whenintroducingappositiveclauses,indicate"whether"anddonotmakeanycomponentsintheclause,whichcannotbeomitted.Whenguidingappositiveclauses,thesewordsserveascorrespondingsentencecomponentsintheclauseandcannotbeomitted.Appositiveclausesoftenfollowcertainabstractnouns,suchasfact,idea,news,etc.ThatWhatSpecialinterrogativewordsIntroductionwordsandusageofappositiveclauses03SelectionofrelativepronounsandadverbsinrelativeclausesThat:canbeusedtorefertobothpeopleandobjects.Actasthesubject,object,orpredicateinrelativeclauses,andcanbeomittedwhenservingastheobject.Forexample:ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinterestingThebookIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinterestingWhich:Usedtorefertoobjects,servingasthesubject,object,orpredicateinrelativeclauses.Forexample:Themoviewhichwewatchedlastnightwasexcel(Themoviewewatchedlastnightwasgreat.)Who:Usedtorefertopeople,servingasthesubjectorobjectinrelativeclauses,canbeomittedwhenservingastheobject.Forexample:ThemanwhoistalkingtotheteacherismyfatherThepersonwhoistalkingtotheteacherismyfatherTheusagescenariosofrelativepronounssuchasthat,which,who,etcWhenUsedasanadverbialoftimeinattributiveclausesthatindicatetime.Forexample:Istillrememberthedaywhenwefirstmet(Istillrememberthedaywefirstmet.)WhereUsedasanadverbialofplaceinanattributiveclausethatrepresentsaplace.Forexample:ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn(ThisiswhereIwasborn.)WhyInattributiveclausesusedtoindicatereasons,itservesasanadverbialofthecause.Forexample:Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewasabsentfromthemeeting(Idon'tknowwhyhewasabsentfromthemeeting.)Theusagescenariosofrelativeadverbssuchaswhen,where,why,etcRestrictiveattributiveclauseItisanindispensableattributiveoftheantecedent.Ifitisremoved,themeaningofthemainsentenceisoftenunclearorincomplete.Itisusuallynotseparatedfromthemainsentencebyacomma.Forexample:ThegirlwhoiswearingareddressismysisterThegirlwearingareddressismyyoungersister要点一要点二NonrestrictiverelativeclauseItisanadditionalexplanationoftheantecedent,andifitisremoved,itwillnotaffectthemeaningofthemainsentence.Itisusuallyseparatedfromthemainsentencebyacomma.Forexample:Myhouse,whichisnotfarfromhere,isverybeautiful(Myhouseisnotfarfromhere,it'sverybeautiful.)Distinguishingbetweenrestrictiveandnonrestrictiverelativeclauses04TheapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinvarioussentencestructuresTherulesforusingthesubjunctivemoodinIfconditionalsentences:InIfconditionalsentences,theprincipleofthemainclauseusingthesimplefuturetenseandthesubordinateclauseusingthesimplepresenttensetoindicatethefutureshouldbefollowed.Ifitistheoppositeofthecurrentsituation,thesubordinateclauseshouldusethesimplepasttense(beverbusedas'were'),andthemainclauseshoulduse'would/should/court/night'+verbbaseform.Thesubjunctivemoodinspecialsituations:Incertainspecificsentencestructures,suchaswish/ifonly,thesubjunctivemoodneedstobeusedinsubsequentobjectclauses.Thespecificusageis:oppositetothepresentfact,usethepasttense;Contrarytopastfacts,usethepastperfecttense;Contrarytofuturefacts,usecould/would/right+verbbaseform.RulesforusingsubcriticalmoodinconditionalsensesThesubjunctivemoodinsub…Thesubjunctivemoodinthesenounclausesismainlyusedinobjectclausesafterverbsexpressingsuggestions,demands,commands,wishes,etc.Thespecificformis'should'+verbprototype,where'should'canbeomitted.要点一要点二ThesubjunctivemoodinspecialsituationsIncertainspecificnounclauses,suchastheobjectclauseafteradjectivessuchasIt'snecessary/important/range,thesubjunctivemoodalsoneedstobeusedintheformofshould+verbbaseform,whereshouldcanbeomitted.RulesforusingsubcriticalmoodinnounclausesExamplesoftheapplicationofsubjunctivemoodinothersentencestructures:Inadditiontotheconditionalandnounclausesmentionedabove,subjunctivemoodcanalsobeusedinothersentencestructures,suchasIt'stimethatUsethepasttenseintheclause"that"inthestructure;Usethepasttenseorpastperfecttenseinthesubordinateclauseafter'wouldrate'toindicateasituationthatisoppositetothepresentorpastfact;Inadverbialclausesintroducedby"asif/asthought",usethecorrespondingpasttensetoindicateasituationthatisoppositetothepresentorpastfact.Otherprecautionsforusingthesubjunctivemood:Whenusingthesubjunctivemood,itisalsonecessarytopayattentiontosomeotherissues,suchastheuseofmodalverbsandthecorrespondenceoftenses.Atthesametime,itisnecessarytocombinespecificcontextstodeterminewhetherandhowtousethesubjunctivemood.Examplesoftheapplicationofsubcriticalmoodinothersensestructures05ModalverbsindicatespeculationandpossibilityMayandnightcanbothbeusedtorepresentpossibility,wherenightrepresentslesspossibilitythanmay.Mayisusuallyusedinaffirmativesentencestoindicatethatsomethingmayhappen;Might,ontheotherhand,ismorecommonlyusedinnegativeorinterrogativesentencestoindicateuncertaintyaboutsomething.Forexample:HemayberightTheymightnotagreewithyou(Theymaynotagreewithyouropinion.)Themodalverbsmayandmayindicatepossibility

ThemodalverbmustandcanindicatespeculationMustisusedtoexpressaffirmativespeculation,meaning"certain"or"certain",withastrongtone.Canisusedtoindicatenegativespeculation,meaningthatsomethingisimpossibletohappen,meaning"impossible.".Forexample:HemustbethemanagerThiscan'tbetrue(Thiscannotbetrue.)Inadditiontomay,right,must,andcan,therearealsosomeothermodalverbsthatcanbeusedtoindicatespeculationandpossibility,suchascould,should,etc.Couldrepresentpastpossibilitiesoreuphemisticspeculations;"Should"canrepresentspeculationbasedoncertaincircumstances.Forexample:TheycouldhavemissedthetrainTheymayhavemissedthetrain.Youshouldbeabletofinditeasily(Youshouldbeabletofinditeasily.)Inpracticaluse,itisnecessarytochooseappropriatemodalverbsbasedonthecontextandspecificsituationtoexpressspeculationandpossibility.Atthesametime,attentionshouldalsobepaidtotheuseofmodalverbsinconjunctionwithotherverbtensestoensureaccuracyandfluencyinexpression.ApplicationofOtherModalVerbsinSpeculationandProbability06NonfineverbsasadvisorsandcompletionDescribinganongingaction:PresentparticlescanbeusedtodescribeanactionthatishappeningatthesametimeasthemainactioninthepresenceForexample,"ScreamingLoudly,thechildrantowardstheplayground."Expressingacauseorresult:PresentparticlescanalsoexpressacauseorresultrelationshipwiththemainclauseForinstance,"Feelingtiredafteralongday,shedecidedtotakeanap."单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加正文10*16Thesceneofusingpresentationparticlesasadvertisementsandcompletion"Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.".单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的。单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的。单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的。单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的。单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的。单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的。单击此处添加正文，文字是您思。9行*23字ScenarioofusingpastparticiplesasadverbsandcomplementsExpressingpurposeandresultTheinfinitiveoftenfollowscertainverbsoradjectivesasanadverbial,indicatingpurposeorresult.Forexample,"Shecametoseemeyesterday."Here,"toseeme"isaninfinitiveusedasanadverbial,indicatingthepurpose.Asacomplementinfinitivecanalsobeusedasacomplementtosupplementtheactionorstateofthesubjectorobject.Forexample,"Ihavealotofworktodo."Here,"todo"isaninfinitivethatservesasacomplementtoexplaintheactionoftheobject"work.".Scenarioofinfinitiveasadverbialandcomplement07ThePrincipleofSubjectverbConsistencyandCommonTypesofErrorsThebasicprincipleofsubjectverbconsistencyisthatthesubjectandverbmustagreeinnumberThatis,asingularsubjectrequiresasingularverb,whileapluralsubjectrequiresapluralverbThisprincipleappliestoalltensionsandvoicesofverbsForexample,inthepresentationtense,asingularsubjectsuchas"he"or"she"requiresasingularverbsuchas"runs"or"sings,"whileapluralsubjectsuchas"they"requiresapluralverbsuchas"run"or"sing."It'simportanttonotethatsomenounsmayappeartobeformalbutareactuallysingular,orviceverseForexample,collectivenounssuchas"team