山东省济宁市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题【含答案解析】

2023—2024学年度第一学期质量检测高二英语试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatdidthemandolastweekend?A．Heexercisedatagym.B．Hedesignedabuilding.C．Hetookpartinacompetition.2．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Acompany.B．Ajobposition.C．Aninterview.3．Howmuchwillthewomanpay?A．$180.B．$720.C．$900.4．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inagasstation.B．Inasupermarket.C．Inabookshop.5．Whatisthebestseasonforavisit?A．Autumn.B．Summer.C．Spring.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatarethespeakersdissatisfiedwithabouttherestaurant?A．Theprice.B．Theservice.C．Thefood.7．Whenwillthefilmstart?A．At6:00.B．At7:15.C．At7:30.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．WhatseemstobotherTom?A．Clarelaughedathim.B．Claredidn’treturnhisphotos.C．Clarefailedtokeepherwords.9．HowdoesTomfeelaboutClare?A．Embarrassed.B．Angry.C．Ashamed.10．WhatdoesthewomansuggestTomdo?A．TalktoClare.B．Haveagoodrest.C．SharephotoswithJustin.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatisthematterwiththeman?A．Heisundermuchpressure.B．Hesuffersrapidweightloss.C．Hehasaheadachefrequently.12．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Stopsmoking.B．Takemoreexercise.C．Drinkless.13．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Colleagues.B．Doctorandpatient.C．Friends.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14．Whydoesthemanhesitatetohirethewoman?A．Sheneverservesbigpartiesbefore.B．Hethinksshecanonlycookvegetables.C．Thepaymentshedemandedistoohigh.15．Whatactivityisthemanplanning?A．Aprivatedinnerparty.B．Afoodexhibition.C．Acharityevent.16．Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthefoodshemakes?A．Special.B．Simple.C．Traditional.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Whendidthepreviousfairusuallytakeplace?A．OnOctober5thB．OnOctober10th.C．OnOctober15th.18．Whatistherequirementforfillingoutthereportform?A．Itcanbeanelectroniccopy.B．Itshouldbesignedbyparents.C．Itmustbeinthechild’shandwriting.19．Howshouldthechildrenshowtheirparks?A．Byplayingvideos.B．Byusingposters.C．Bymakingmodels.20．Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A．Parents.B．Students.C．Teachers.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AVisitAmerica’sNationalParksforFreeonTheseSixDaysin2024It’stimetoplanavisittoyourdreamnationalparkdestination.Forafewdayseachyear,everynationalparkinAmericaisfreetovisit—includinghundredsofnationalmonuments,seashores,historicsitesandmore.Lessthanaquarterofthemhaveentryfees,butthosethatdochargeupto$20perpersonorupto$35pervehicle.Revenue(收入)fromthesefeesstaysintheNationalParkServicetocovervisitorservices,includingimprovingaccessibility,restoringwildlifehabitatandmore.“Nationalparksareplacesthatawakensenses,inspirecuriosity,encouragereflection,andpromotejoy,”NationalParkServiceDirectorChuckSamssaidinastatement.“Theentrancefee-freedaysexpandopportunitiesforpeopletovisittheirnationalparksandexperiencethebeautyandhistoryofourcountry.”There’sanewadditiontotheentrancefee-freedaysin2024:Juneteenth,whichbecamerecognizedasanationalholidayonJune17,2021.Nationalparkfreeentrydaysfor2024:●Jan.15—MartinLutherKing,Jr.Day●April20—FirstdayofNationalParkWeek●June19—Juneteenth●Aug.4—GreatAmericanOutdoorsDay●Sept.28—NationalPublicLandsDay●Nov.11—VeteransDayFeesforcertainactivitieslikecampingandfishingwillstillbeinplace.Additionally,parksoperatedinpartnershipwithoutsidepartiesmaychargeothertypesoffees.Forinstance,WacoMammothchargesanaccessfeeforitsdigshelter.ThatparkisrunbytheParkService,togetherwiththeCityofWaco,Texas,andBaylorUniversity.Visitorscanfindsite-specificdetailsonparkwebsites.1.Whataresomenationalparks’entrancefeesmainlyusedfor?A.Popularizingthecountry’shistory. B.Payingforvisitorservices.C.Financingvisitorsduringtheirstay. D.Boostinglocaleconomies.2Whenisthenationalparkfreeentrydayforthenewadditionin2024?A.April20. B.June17. C.June19. D.Sept.28.3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutWacoMammoth?A.Itiscooperativelymanaged. B.Ithostssomeoutdoorparties.C.Itfeaturescampingandfishing. D.Itisfreeofchargeallyearround.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在特定的几天，美国的所有国家公园将会向民众免门票，让民众有更多的机会欣赏美景、了解国家历史。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Revenue(收入)fromthesefeesstaysintheNationalParkServicetocovervisitorservices,includingimprovingaccessibility,restoringwildlifehabitatandmore.(这些费用的收入留在国家公园管理局，用于支付游客服务，包括改善可达性，恢复野生动物栖息地等)”可知，一些国家公园的门票主要用于支付游客服务费用。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“There’sanewadditiontotheentrancefee-freedaysin2024:Juneteenth,whichbecamerecognizedasanationalholidayonJune17,2021.(除了2024年的免门票日，还有一个新节日：六月节，2021年6月17日被认定为全国性节日)”和Nationalparkfreeentrydaysfor2024:部分中的第三项June19—Juneteenth可知，2024年国家公园的免费入园日是6月19日。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ThatparkisrunbytheParkService,togetherwiththeCityofWaco,Texas,andBaylorUniversity.Visitorscanfindsite-specificdetailsonparkwebsites.(该公园由公园管理局、德克萨斯州韦科市和贝勒大学共同管理。游客可以在公园网站上找到具体的细节)”可推知，韦科猛犸公园是被协同管理的。故选A项。BInabreathtakingincidentinBerlin,ayoungmannarrowlyescapedalife-threateningsituationwherehebecametrappedbeneathabus.The16-year-oldfoundhimselfunabletomovebeneathatyre(轮胎)ofthebuswhenhefelldownduringanattempttocatchthedepartingvehicleatalocalstoponaMondayafternoon.Thequickresponseofthebusdriver,whoimmediatelystoppedthevehicle,coupledwiththeassistanceofroughly40people,includingbothpassengersandbystanders,ledtoaremarkableachievement.Together,theymanagedtolifttherightsideofthebussufficientlytofreetheyoungman.FrankKurze,oneofthecourageousvolunteerswhoparticipatedintherescue,recalledthemessyscene,stating,“Isawthementryingtoliftthebus,anditwascleartomethatIalsohadtohelpliftthebusandtrytopulltheyoungmanfromunderneath.”NearbymedicalprofessionalsfromahealthcarecenterintheSpandauneighborhoodofBerlininstantlyarrivedatthescenetoprovidevitalfirstaid.MichelleRueckborn,oneofthenursesonduty,sharedtheirresponse,saying,“Wewereatworkwhenweheardscreams,andourcoworkerlookedoutofthewindowandsawwhathadhappened,andsaid‘Grabthedoctor’skitandrun.’”SandraGrunwald,anothernursepresentatthescene,added,“Hewasresponsivebutunderstandablyconfused,unsureofwhatwasunfoldingaroundhim.”Despitethefrighteningcircumstances,theyoungmanunbelievablysurvivedwithonlyminorinjuries,thankstothecollectiveeffortofaround40individualswhocametogethertoperformaheroicrescue.TheBerlinpolicedepartmentpraisedthecollectiveeffortsofthoseinvolvedintherescueas“heroes”andexpressedtheirgratitudeonsocialmedia,stating,“Thankyou,Spandau.Thankyou,Berlin.”4.Whatwastheaccidentatthebusstop?A.Ateenagergotcaughtunderabus. B.Thetyreofabussuddenlyblewout.C.Ayoungpassengerfellfromhisseat. D.Thedriverfoundthebusuncontrollable.5.WhatdidFrankKurzedoattherescuescene?A.Herecordedthewholeevent. B.Hesteppedforwardbravely.C.Heturnedtomedicalstaff. D.Hecalledmorevolunteersin.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemedicalprofessionals?A.Tolerant. B.Creative. C.Patient. D.Decisive.7.Whatmessagedoesthetexttrytoconvey?A.Onegoodturndeservesanother. B.Kindnessbringsmentalrewards.C.Manyhandsmakelightwork. D.Opportunityisfortheprepared.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在柏林路人和医护人员全力营救一名被困车底的十六岁少年的英勇事迹。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“InabreathtakingincidentinBerlin,ayoungmannarrowlyescapedalife-threateningsituationwherehebecametrappedbeneathabus.(在柏林发生的一起惊心动魄的事件中，一名年轻男子险些被困在一辆公共汽车下面，生命垂危)”可知，公车站里一个少年被困在公共汽车下面。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“FrankKurze,oneofthecourageousvolunteerswhoparticipatedintherescue,recalledthemessyscene,stating,“Isawthementryingtoliftthebus,anditwascleartomethatIalsohadtohelpliftthebusandtrytopulltheyoungmanfromunderneath.”(弗兰克·库尔兹是参与救援的勇敢志愿者之一，他回忆起当时混乱的场景，他说：“我看到那些人试图抬起公交车，我很清楚，我也必须帮忙抬起公交车，并试图把那个年轻人从下面拉出来。”)”可知，弗兰克·库尔兹在救援现场勇敢地上前帮忙。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“MichelleRueckborn,oneofthenursesonduty,sharedtheirresponse,saying,“Wewereatworkwhenweheardscreams,andourcoworkerlookedoutofthewindowandsawwhathadhappened,andsaid‘Grabthedoctor’skitandrun.’”(米歇尔，一个值班的护士，分享他们的反应，说，“我们在工作中,当我们听到尖叫声，和我们的同事朝窗外望去，看到发生了什么事，并说抓住医生的装备奔跑。”)”可推知，医护人员在救援时是果断的。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thequickresponseofthebusdriver,whoimmediatelystoppedthevehicle,coupledwiththeassistanceofroughly40people,includingbothpassengersandbystanders,ledtoaremarkableachievement.Together,theymanagedtolifttherightsideofthebussufficientlytofreetheyoungman.(公交车司机反应迅速，立即停车，再加上大约40人的帮助，包括乘客和旁观者，取得了非凡的成就。他们共同努力，把公共汽车的右侧抬起，把那个年轻人救了出来)”可推知，文章想要传达的信息是“人多力量大”。故选C项。CIcameacrossthebookEssentialism:TheDisciplinedPursuitofLessfromalibraryappandIcansaythatafterreading,itdidnotdisappoint.Thebookfitsintothepersonaldevelopmentcategory.Ittalksabouthowimportantitistofocusonabsolutelyimportantthingsandremovetheunnecessarydistractions.Thecommonproblem,GregMcKeownsays,isspottingtheimportantthings.Essentialismmeanscontinuouslydefiningwherewecancreatethemostvalue,thenfindingwaystoexecutethesetasksmosteffortlessly.InEssentialism,McKeowndrawsonexperienceandinsightfromworkingwiththeleadersofthemostinnovativecompaniesintheworldtoshowhowtoachievethepursuitofless.Moreimportantly,byapplyingamoreselectivestandardforwhatisessential,thepursuitoflessallowsustoregaincontrolofourownchoicessowecanchannelourtime,energyandeffortintomakingthehighestpossiblecontributiontowardthegoalsandactivitiesthatmatter.McKeownfurtherexploresthedifferencebetweenanessentialistandanon-essentialist.Hegivesfantasticandrelatableexamplesfromhislifeaswellasfromotherstoillustratehowfunctioningasanon-essentialistisharmfulforbothyouandthosearoundyou.Hesaystheprimarydifferenceinbothofthemistheonewhosaysyestoeverythingandtheother(theessentialist)saysyesonlytothethingsthatmatter.Healsotellsthatanon-essentialistwillcommittoeverythingandputhispersonalpriorities(优先事项)onthesidewhilethatisoppositeincaseoftheessentialist.Whetheritisinwork-lifeorpersonallife,anon-essentialistwilltrytodomorebyquick-fixsolutionsbutanessentialistwillfocusonremovingbarriersandnothingelse.HealsogivesusexamplesoffamouspeoplelikeMahatmaGandhiwhofollowedessentialism.Finally,thebooktellsushowtosetouttheimportantthingsinourlife—likearoutineof8hoursofsleep,dailyjournalorplayingorrelaxingeverydaytoletourmindsrest.Intoday’sfast-pacedlife,McKeownsays,restfulnessisapreciousescapefromthenoisyworld.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“execute”inparagraph2mean?A.Carryout. B.Switchbetween. C.Watchoutfor. D.Getawayfrom.9.Whatismainlystressedinparagraph3?A.Thesignificanceofessentialism. B.Theinspirationforthebook.C.Achievementsofessentialists. D.Strategiesforpursuingless.10.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofessentialists?A.Commitmenttodailywork. B.Highefficiencyinwork.C.Positiveinfluencebycelebrities. D.Concentrationonpriorities.11.WhatdoesMcKeownsuggestpeopledo?A.Avoidtiringworkifpossible. B.Findmeaningineverydaylife.C.Takeabreakwhennecessary. D.Remainrestlessandunmotivated.【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者看到了一本叫做《本质主义：有纪律地追求更少》的书，他对这本书印象深刻。他讲述了这本书中让人受益匪浅的理论——本质论。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Ittalksabouthowimportantitistofocusonabsolutelyimportantthingsandremovetheunnecessarydistractions.(它谈到了专注于绝对重要的事情和消除不必要的干扰是多么重要。)”以及划线单词的前半句话“Essentialismmeanscontinuouslydefiningwherewecancreatethemostvalue(本质主义意味着不断定义我们可以在哪里创造最大价值)”可知，本质论教会了我们专注于绝对重要的事情和消除不必要的干扰。我们要找到哪里能够创造最大的价值，然后找到方式去消除不必要的干扰，找到方法最轻松地执行这些任务。所以划线单词的意思是“执行”。故选A。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“InEssentialism,McKeowndrawsonexperienceandinsightfromworkingwiththeleadersofthemostinnovativecompaniesintheworldtoshowhowtoachievethepursuitofless.Moreimportantly,byapplyingamoreselectivestandardforwhatisessential,thepursuitoflessallowsustoregaincontrolofourownchoicessowecanchannelourtime,energyandeffortintomakingthehighestpossiblecontributiontowardthegoalsandactivitiesthatmatter.(在本质论中，麦基翁借鉴了与世界上最具创新性的公司领导者合作的经验和见解，展示了如何实现追求更少。更重要的是，通过对重要的东西应用更具选择性的标准，追求更少的东西可以让我们重新控制自己的选择，这样我们就可以将时间、精力和努力用于为重要的目标和活动做出尽可能高的贡献)”可知，本质论中告诉了人们如何实现追求更少，这样我们就可以将时间、精力和努力用于为重要的目标和活动做出尽可能高的贡献。所以本段重点强调了本质论的重要意义。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Healsotellsthatanon-essentialistwillcommittoeverythingandputhispersonalpriorities(优先事项)onthesidewhilethatisoppositeincaseoftheessentialist.Whetheritisinwork-lifeorpersonallife,anon-essentialistwilltrytodomorebyquick-fixsolutionsbutanessentialistwillfocusonremovingbarriersandnothingelse.(他还告诉，一个非本质主义者会致力于一切，并把他的个人优先事项放在一边，而在本质主义者的情况下，情况恰恰相反。无论是在工作生活还是个人生活中，非本质主义者都会试图通过快速解决方案做更多的事情，但本质主义会专注于消除障碍，而不是其他)”可知，本质主义的特征在于会专注于个人优先事项，而非本质主义则会把个人优先事项放在一边。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Finally,thebooktellsushowtosetouttheimportantthingsinourlife—likearoutineof8hoursofsleep,dailyjournalorplayingorrelaxingeverydaytoletourmindsrest.Intoday’sfast-pacedlife,McKeownsays,restfulnessisapreciousescapefromthenoisyworld.(最后，这本书告诉我们如何安排我们生活中的重要事情，比如每天8小时的睡眠、写日记或玩耍或放松，让我们的大脑得到休息。麦基翁说，在当今快节奏的生活中，宁静是逃离嘈杂世界的宝贵方式)”可知，McKeown建议人们在生活中要适当的休息，使大脑得到放松。故选C。DForyears,thoselookingtogenerateelectricitywithoutusingfossilfuelshavedreamedofexploringthevirtuallyunlimitedheatsourcethatlies8kilometresormorebeneathEarth’ssurface.Previouseffortshavebeenblockedbecausegettingtothatheatrequiresdrillingintorockthatistoohardforconventionaltechniques.Now,onepossibilityinvolvesrepurposinganexistingtechnologytodigthissourceandproduceelectricityatalowercostthananyexistingformofpowergeneration.Thisisn’t,however,simplyamatterofeconomics.EvenifallnationsweretomeetthecommitmentsthatweremadeundertheParisAgreementonclimatechange,temperaturesareexpectedtorisebyroughly3℃by2100.Diggingdeepgeothermal(地热)energyhasthepromiseofreplacingfossilfuel-poweredplantstopreventthisdisaster.Thetechnologythatmightenablethis,whichmakesuseofmillimetrewaves,wasimprovedforacademicresearchattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandcouldprovideaccesstothe400℃to500℃heatthatliesseveralkilometresbelowEarth’ssurface.Obtainedthroughahole,thisheatcouldproducesteamforelectricitygenerationasazero-carbonalternativeforfossilfuels.Millimetrewavesaresimilarto,butvastlymorepowerfulthan,thewavesusedinamicrowaveoven.Createdbyadevicecalledagyrotron,thesewaveshavenowbeenproventovaporise(汽化)rockaccordingtoCarlosAraque,CEOofstart-upQuaiseEnergy,whichhasalicencetocommercialisethetechnologyfordeepdrilling.Combinedwithconventionaldrilling,itmightbepossibletoopenaholereachinglargeamountsofdeepheat.Thegeniusofthistechnologyisthatitmatchesexistingfacilitiesandexpertise,whilethebiggestdifficultywillbedeliveringandfocusingthemillimetrewavessodeepunderground.Thischallengecanandmustbemet.QuaiseEnergyplanstocompleteashallowpilotprojectnextyearandconstructtwodeepdrillholeslater.Ifitsapproachprovesattainable,deepgeothermalenergycouldbeemployedextremelyrapidly.Thespeedwithwhichacovid-19vaccine(疫苗)wasproducedshowedwhattheworldcandowhenfacedwithanemergency.Deepgeothermalenergypromisestobetheequivalentofavaccinefortheclimateemergency.12.WhydoestheauthormentiontheParisAgreementinparagraph2?A.Toexplainthecomplexityofclimatechange.B.Toshowtheurgencyforsustainableresources.C.Todisplaytheclimatecrisiscausedbyhumans.D.Toprovetheaccuracyofpredictionontemperature.13.Whatcanmillimetrewavesbeusedtodo?A.Generateenoughpowerfulsteam. B.Transformrockintoheatenergy.C.Detectthelocationofdeepheat. D.Createholesthroughhardrock.14.WhatcanbeinferredaboutQuaiseEnergy’splan?A.It’sahurrieddecision. B.It’ssortofunrealistic.C.It’shighlyanticipated. D.It’sinspiredbyvaccines.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ExploringtheEarth B.DrillingDeep C.HOT!WaveEnergy D.HeatforHeart!【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了麻省理工学院研究改进了利用毫米波来钻入地下最硬的岩石，开采出位于地球表面下8公里或更远的地热能来代替化石燃料发电。这样就可以减少对气候的影响。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“EvenifallnationsweretomeetthecommitmentsthatweremadeundertheParisAgreementonclimatechange,temperaturesareexpectedtorisebyroughly3℃by2100.Diggingdeepgeothermal(地热)energyhasthepromiseofreplacingfossilfuel-poweredplantstopreventthisdisaster.(即使所有国家都要履行《巴黎协定》对气候变化做出的承诺，预计到2100年，气温将上升约3摄氏度。挖掘深层地热能有望取代化石燃料发电厂，以防止这场灾难)”可知，如果所有国家都要履行《巴黎协定》，预计到2100年，气温也将上升约3摄氏度。由此可推知，人们急需找到地热能来替代化石燃料发电厂，以减轻气候改变带来的危害。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thetechnologythatmightenablethis,whichmakesuseofmillimetrewaves,wasimprovedforacademicresearchattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandcouldprovideaccesstothe400℃to500℃heatthatliesseveralkilometresbelowEarth’ssurface.Obtainedthroughahole,thisheatcouldproducesteamforelectricitygenerationasazero-carbonalternativeforfossilfuels.(麻省理工学院的学术研究改进了利用毫米波实现这一目标的技术，该技术可以提供地球表面以下几公里的400摄氏度至500摄氏度的热量。通过一个洞获得的热量可以产生蒸汽发电，作为化石燃料的零碳替代品)”可知，毫米波可以通过在坚硬的岩石上打洞来获得地热能。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“QuaiseEnergyplanstocompleteashallowpilotprojectnextyearandconstructtwodeepdrillholeslater.Ifitsapproachprovesattainable,deepgeothermalenergycouldbeemployedextremelyrapidly.(QuaiseEnergy计划明年完成一个浅层试点项目，稍后建造两个深钻孔。如果这种方法被证明是可行的，那么深层地热能可以非常迅速地被利用)”可知，如果QuaiseEnergy的计划实施成功，那么深层地热能可以非常迅速地被利用。由此可推知，这个计划是被高度期待的。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Thetechnologythatmightenablethis,whichmakesuseofmillimetrewaves,wasimprovedforacademicresearchattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandcouldprovideaccesstothe400℃to500℃heatthatliesseveralkilometresbelowEarth’ssurface.(麻省理工学院的学术研究改进了利用毫米波实现这一目标的技术，该技术可以提供地球表面以下几公里的400摄氏度至500摄氏度的热量)”以及其全文可知，本文主要讲述了麻省理工学院研究改进了利用毫米波来钻入地下最硬的岩石，开采出位于地球表面下8公里或更远的地热能来代替化石燃料发电。这样就可以减少对气候的影响。所以“深度钻探”适合作本文的标题。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whetheryou’reexploringretirementcommunitiesforafamilymember,friendoryourself,it’snaturaltofeelabituncertain.Misunderstandingsofretirementlivingcanmakethedecision-makingprocesschallenging.___16___Herearefourupliftingwaysretirementcommunitiescanactuallyimproveyouroverallwell-being.SupplyingwellnessprogramsAthome,findingproperexerciseandwellnessopportunitiescanbeachallenge.Retirementcommunitiesattachimportancetothewell-beingoftheirresidentsbyofferingspeciallydesignedwellnessprograms.Fromyogatodanceclasses,theseprogramsaredesignedtoserveolderadults,promotingbothmentalandphysicalhealth.___17___Maintainingsocialconnections___18___Tohandleit,retirementcommunitiesareactivelycreatingasmanysocializingopportunitiesaspossible.Encouragingresidentstoengageinactivitiesoutsidetheirlivingspacesimprovesstrongmentalhealthandreducestheriskofdepression,contributingtooverallwell-being.___19___Livingalonecanpresentsafetychallenges,suchastheriskoffallsorexposuretobadweather.Retirementcommunitiesofferasafeandprotectedenvironment,minimizingthelikelihoodofaccidents.Thisisespeciallyadvantageousforindividualswithlimitedmobility,ensuringbothpeaceofmindandasenseofsecurity.OfferingnutritiousmealsNutritionplaysacrucialroleinourlives,particularlyasweage.Retirementcommunitiesunderstandtheuniquedietaryneedsofolderindividualsandprovidehealth-focusedmealplans.___20___Theirdietaryrequirementsarealsometwithouteffort.Putmoresimply,retirementcommunitiesofferresidentsadiversityofwellnessandeducationalprograms,whicharedesignedtoupliftspiritsandpresentaretirementlivingexperiencethatcombinesjoyandhealth-focusedwell-being.A.Providingworry-freeserviceB.EnsuringasecureenvironmentC.Havingagoodstateofmindisalsoofbenefittoourhealth.D.Residentscansavethetroubleofgroceryshoppingorcooking.E.Regularparticipationcanhelpresidentsstayhealthierforlonger.F.Lonelinesscanbecomeaconcern,especiallyforthoselivingalone.G.However,retirementcommunitylivingcangreatlycontributetoyourhealth.【答案】16.G17.E18.F19.B20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种退休社区生活能给你健康带来的好处。【16题详解】上文“Misunderstandingsofretirementlivingcanmakethedecision-makingprocesschallenging.(对退休生活的误解会使决策过程充满挑战)”说明人们对退休生活有误解，空格处承上启下，下文“Herearefourupliftingwaysretirementcommunitiescanactuallyimproveyouroverallwell-being.(以下是退休社区可以真正改善您的整体幸福感的四种令人振奋的方式。)”，G项“然而，退休社区生活对你的健康有很大的帮助”和上文构成转折关系，同时也和下文构成内容上的承接。故选G项。17题详解】上文“Fromyogatodanceclasses,theseprogramsaredesignedtoserveolderadults,promotingbothmentalandphysicalhealth.(从瑜伽到舞蹈课程，这些课程都是为老年人设计的，促进身心健康)”可知，老年社区提供了很多锻炼课程会促进老年人的健康，E项“定期参与可以帮助居民更长时间保持健康。”和上文构成内容上的承接，指出了定期参加老年活动的好处。故选E项。【18题详解】下文“Tohandleit,retirementcommunitiesareactivelycreatingasmanysocializingopportunitiesaspossible.(为了解决这个问题，退休社区正在积极创造尽可能多的社交机会)”中的it指代F项“孤独会成为一个问题，尤其是对那些独自生活的人来说”中的loneliness，前后句构成内容上的承接。故选F项。【19题详解】下文“Retirementcommunitiesofferasafeandprotectedenvironment,minimizingthelikelihoodofaccidents.(退休社区提供了一个安全和受保护的环境，最大限度地减少了发生事故的可能性)”可知，退休社区提供了一个安全和受保护的环境，B项“确保安全的环境”是对整段内容的概括总结，适合作为本段小标题。故选B项。【20题详解】上文“Retirementcommunitiesunderstandtheuniquedietaryneedsofolderindividualsandprovidehealth-focusedmealplans.(退休社区了解老年人独特的饮食需求，并提供以健康为重点的膳食计划)”和D项“居民可以省去购买食品杂货或做饭的麻烦”构成因果关系，指出因为退休社区提供以健康为重点的膳食计划所以居民可以省去购买食品杂货或做饭的麻烦。故选D项。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Sevenyearsago,Itookonavoluntaryjobatanaquarium(水族馆).ItwasamazingbecauseIadoredthe___21___anddreamedofstudyingfishes.Asexpected,SharkWeekrolledaround.Iwas___22___forIlovesharksandswimmingwiththemwasonmy___23___.Luckily,IhadoneshiftduringSharkWeek.Thebigdaycameatlast.Onmyarrival,however,Isuddenlyfelt___24___andalmostfellover.RealizingIcouldn’tcontinuemywork,Imovedslowlytotheofficeand___25___thesituationtothemanager.Myheart___26___.Thatwasmyonly___27___duringSharkWeekbutIhadto___28___it.Ontopofthat,Ineededtogohomebybus.NormallyIdidn’t___29___takingthebushome,butmybusstopwasupahill.Itwasquiteaclimb.Despitemypoorphysicalstate,Istill___30___toreachthestop.Besidethestopwasacupcakeshop.I___31___todropin,consideringitwashotandIfeltterrible.Thewaitresskindlyasked“How’syourday?”IrespondedIwasn’t___32___enoughtoworkandthatIwouldmissSharkWeek.BeforeI___33___mywallet,shesaiditwasonher.Handingmetheicecream,shetoldmetofeelbetter.NowIdon’tremembermuchaboutherandIdon’tknowwhetherI’d___34___herifwemeetagain,butI’llneverforgether___35___.Shemademyhorribledayalittlebetter.21.A.ocean B.tourists C.pay D.smell22.A.grateful B.calm C.overjoyed D.anxious23.A.way B.side C.behalf D.list24.A.down B.sick C.guilty D.puzzled25.A.realized B.examined C.shared D.explained26.A.beat B.raced C.sank D.worked27.A.gift B.shift C.job D.time28.A.miss B.acquire C.finish D.leave29.A.enjoy B.advise C.mind D.avoid30.A.managed B.refused C.expected D.promised31.A.pretended B.decided C.failed D.agreed32.A.delighted B.mature C.well D.remarkable33.A.putaside B.staredat C.handedin D.reachedfor34.A.recognize B.recall C.praise D.describe35.A.business B.beauty C.courage D.kindness【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.D26.C27.B28.A29.C30.A31.B32.C33.D34.A35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者因为自己身体原因无法参加鲨鱼周，心情很懊恼，而一位纸杯蛋糕店服务员请作者吃冰激凌，安抚作者受伤的心的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这太神奇了，因为我热爱海洋，梦想着研究鱼类。A.ocean海洋；B.tourists游客；C.pay工资，薪水；D.smell气味。由下文“dreamedofstudyingfishes”可知，这里表示作者热爱“海洋”。故选A项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我欣喜若狂，因为我喜欢鲨鱼，和它们一起游泳也在我的清单上。A.grateful感激的；B.calm平静的；C.overjoyed欣喜若狂的；D.anxious焦虑的。由下文“Ilovesharks”可知，作者喜爱鲨鱼，所以鲨鱼周的到来让作者“欣喜若狂”。故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我欣喜若狂，因为我喜欢鲨鱼，和它们一起游泳也在我的清单上。A.way方式；B.side一边；C.behalf代表；D.list列表，清单。由上文“Ilovesharksandswimmingwiththem”可知，作者热爱鲨鱼，所以和鲨鱼游泳是在作者愿望“清单”上的。故选D项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我到达时，我突然感觉病了，差点摔倒。A.down沮丧的；B.sick生病的；C.guilty有罪的；D.puzzled困惑的。由下文“almostfellover”以及“mypoorphysicalstate”可知，这里指作者感觉“生病”了。故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：意识到我不能继续志愿者工作了，我慢慢地走到办公室，向经理解释了情况。A.realized意识到；B.examined检查；C.shared共享；D.explained解释。由上文“RealizingIcouldn’tcontinuemywork”可知，这里指作者去向经理“解释”自己的情况。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心一沉。A.beat打败；B.raced参加比赛；C.sank沉没；D.worked工作。由下文“IwouldmissSharkWeek”可知作者无法参加鲨鱼周，所以心里一“沉”，感到比较沮丧。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我在鲨鱼周期间唯一的一次轮班，但我不得不错过。A.gift礼物；B.shift轮班；C.job工作；D.time时间。由上文“IhadoneshiftduringSharkWeek”以及语境可知，这里指这是作者鲨鱼周唯一的一次“轮班”。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我在鲨鱼周期间唯一的一次轮班，但我不得不错过。A.miss想念，错过；B.acquire获得；C.finish完成；D.leave离开。由下文“IwouldmissSharkWeek”可知，这里指作者将“错过”鲨鱼周。故选A项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常我不介意坐公共汽车回家，但我的公共汽车站在山上。A.enjoy享受；B.advise建议；C.mind介意；D.avoid避免。由下文“mybusstopwasupahill”以及but表转折可知，这里指作者并不“介意”搭公交车，只是车站在山上，作者爬上去不知道身体能不能吃得消。故选C项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我的身体状况很差，但我还是设法到达了终点。A.managed设法做某事；B.refused拒绝；C.expected期待；D.pro