山东省东营天立学校高三年级上学期1月调研金考卷（二）英语

20202021学年度上学期东营天立学校高三年级1月调研金考卷（二）时间：100分钟分数：150分第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有1。秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatdoesKatedecidetodonext?A.Callherdad.B.Gobackhome.C.Catchthebus.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Gettingairtickets.B.Makingaholidayplan.C.SeeingtheChristmasshow.3.Whatdoesthemanwanttoputonthecake?A.Somechocolate.B.Somestrawberries.C.Someicecream.4.Whywillthewomangototheuniversity?A.Totakeaclass.B.Tomeetsomefriends.C.Togoforawalkonthecampus.5.Whoseadvicedidthewomanfollow?A.Hermother's.B.Theshopassistant's.C.Hersister's.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WithwhomdidHenryvisitthezoo?A.Hisfamily.B.Hisfriends.C.Hisresearchteam.7.HowoldisHenrynow?A.28yearsold.B.38yearsold.C.48yearsold.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhyisSteveunwillingtoshoponSaturday?A.Hehastogotowork.B.Hewantstorelaxathome.C.Hewillattendabirthdayparty.9.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobuy?A.Someclothes.B.Anecklace.C.Abirthdaypresent.10.Whichstoredoesthemanwanttogoto?A.Thebutcher'sshop.B.Thejewelryshop.C.Theclothesshop.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Afridge.B.Atoy.C.Aspecialgift.12.Whatdoesthewomandislikeabouttheredone?A.Itsprice.B.Itsquality.C.Itscolor.13.Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopay?A.$80.B.$320.C.8400.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whichtypeofacmodationdoesthemanchoose?A.Hallsofresidence.B.Collegerentacmodation.C.Selfcateringacmodation.15.Wherewillthemanprobablylive?A.Intheresidencehall.B.At10PalmStreet.C.AtWillianRoad.16.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Moveinthismonth.B.Makeanearlyapplication.C.Preparefortheinggraduation.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhatwasCamilleRobertsinterestedinasachild?A.Medicalresearch.B.Doctors9life.C.Teaching.18.WhatdidRoberts9parentsteachher?AThevalueofahighpayingjob.B.Thebenefitsofgoodeducation.C.Theimportanceofhelpingothers.19.WhendidRobertsgraduatefromuniversity?A.In2013.B.In2017.C.In2018.20.WheredoesRobertsworknow?A.Ataresearchcenter.B.Atahospital.C.Ataschool.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AOutlookFeaturingthesame6.1inchdisplaysizeastheiPhone11andiPhoneXRbeforeit,iPhone12ismakingthetransitionfromanLCDscreentoOLED.Withflataluminum（铝）sidesforanoveralllook,itmorecloselymatchestheiPadProandiPadAir.Asidefromtheflatsides,iPhone12stilllargelyresemblestheiPhone11.Aroundback,ithastwocamerashousedinaglasscircle,whichmakesforanicecontrastwiththerestofthesmoothbackpanel.Toavoidbeingbrokenorcrackedwhendropped,iPhone12iscoveredwithwhatAppledescribesasa"ceramic（陶瓷）shield”.CameraTheiPhone12hasa12megapixelf/1.6maincamera—thefastestaperture（光圈）inanyiPhoneyet.Thelowlightperformancehasimproved,anditsadvancementsinputationalphotographytomaximizedetailanddynamicrangehasalsobeenachieved.ThefrontcameraontheiPhone12isgainingNightMode,aswell.ProcessoriPhone12ispoweredbythepany'snewA14Bionicprocessor,whichisthefirstsmartphonechipbuiltona5nmprocess,leadingtoimprovedperformanceandefficiency.It'sclaimedthattheprocessorisupto50percentfasterthantheleadingchipsinAndroidsmartphones.WirelessChargingToimprovewirelesschargingontheiPhone12,itcontainsa“MagSafe“systemwithbuiltinmagnetstoguaranteethattheiPhone12properlylinesupwiththeMagSafeaccessories（配件）.1.WhatisthesizeofiPhone12?A.About6.1inchasthatofiPhoneMax.B.ThesamesizeasiPadPro.C.BiggerthanthatofiPhone11.D.AsbigasiPhone11.2.What'sthefunctionofthe"MagSafe"system?A.TocarryoutthewiredchargingofiPhone12.B.ToperfectlymatchtheiPadProandiPadAir.C.TomakesuretheiPhone12isrightfortheMagSafeaccessories.D.Toprocesstheinformationinamorerapidway.3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutiPhone12?A.Thereareonlytwocamerasplacedseparatelyinfrontandback.B.ItispoweredbyA14BionicprocessorusedinAndroidsmartphones.C.AllcamerasofiPhone12havetheNightMode.D.Aceramicshieldhelpsprotectagainstbreakingandcracking.4.Whatwouldbethetitleofthepassage?A.iPhone11 B.iPadPro. C.iPadAir. D.iPhone12.【答案】1.D2.C3.D4.D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了iPhone12的外观、相机、处理和无线充电等情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Featuringthesame6.1inchdisplaysizeastheiPhone11andiPhoneXRbeforeit,iPhone12ismakingthetransitionfromanLCDscreentoOLED.”（iPhone12拥有与之前的iPhone11和iPhoneXR相同的6.1英寸显示屏尺寸，正在从LCD屏幕过渡到OLED。）可知iPhone12的尺寸和iPhone11一样大，都是6.1英寸。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段“ToimprovewirelesschargingontheiPhone12,itcontainsa“MagSafe“systemwithbuiltinmagnetstoguaranteethattheiPhone12properlylinesupwiththeMagSafeaccessories（配件）.”（为了改进iphone12的无线充电，它包含一个内置磁铁的“MagSafe”系统，以保证iphone12与MagSafe配件相匹配。），可知“MagSafe”系统能确保iphone12可以匹配MagSafe配件。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Toavoidbeingbrokenorcrackedwhendropped,iPhone12iscoveredwithwhatAppledescribesasa"ceramic（陶瓷）shield”.”（当iPhone12掉落时，为了避免摔坏或摔裂，iphone12覆盖了一层被苹果称为“陶瓷防护罩”的材料。），可知iPhone12的陶瓷护罩有助于防止断裂和开裂。故选D项。【4题详解】主旨大意题。第一段讲“iPhone12的外观”，第二段讲“iPhone12的相机”，第三段讲“iPhone12的处理器”，第四段讲“iPhone12的无线充电”，全文是对iPhone12的介绍，D项“iPhone12”为短文最佳标题。故选D项。BMyfavoritenovelisAlbertCamus'sThePlague（鼠疫）.Itwaspublishedin1947,afterWordWarII.Onthesurface,it'sastoryaboutanAlgeriancoastaltownthreatenedbyamysteriousplague.Butthesymbolicideaworksontheconcretepresentationofametaphysical（形而上学的）problem,whichisthecruelfactofsuffering.Liketheplague,it'sjustathingthathappensintheworldwhetherwewantittoornot.Camus'snovelasksifwecanthinkofsufferingnotasanindividualburdenbutasasharedexperience—andmaybeturnitintosomethingpositive.Thekeyistorecognizetheuniversalityofsuffering.Aplagueisanextraordinaryeventandthehorroritresultsinisextraordinary,too.Butsufferingisanythingbutextraordinary.Everydayyouleavethehouse,somethingterriblecouldhappen.Thesameistrueforall.Allofusarcsubjecttoforcesoverwhichwehavenocontrol.Apandemic（大流行病）forcesustothinkaboutourresponsibilitiestothepeoplearoundus.TheheroofThePlagueisamitteddoctornamedRieux.Fromtheverybeginning,Rieuxdevoteshimselftoresistingtheplaguethatuniteditsvictims.Eachcharacterinthestoryisdefined（刻画）bywhattheydowhentheplaguees.Nooneescapesit,butthosewhoreducethesufferingofothersarethemostfulfilled.Theonlyvillainsarethosewhocannotseebeyondthemselves.Theplague,forthesepeople,iseitheranexcusetofleeoranopportunitytomakeprofits.Becausetheycan'tseethattheirconditionisshared,aspiritofunityispletelyforeigntothem.Andthatblindnessmakesmunityimpossible.AttheveryendofThePlague,Camusstatedhisphilosophythatthestruggleagainstsufferingisneveroverforgood.Theplaguewillreturn,andsowilleverythingelsethatupsetshumans.Butthepointofthebookisthatasharedstruggleiswhatmakesmunitypossibleinthefirstplace.Apandemic,terriblethoughitis,highlightsourmutualinterdependenceinawaythatonlytragedycan.ThebeautyofThePlagueisthatitasksthereadertomapthelessonsofthepandemicontoeverydaylife.Theprinciplesthatdrivethehero,Rieux,arethesameprinciplesthatmakeeverysocietyworthwhile—understanding,loveandunity.Ifwelearntheselessons,inamomentofcrisis,we'llallbebetteroffontheothersideofit.5.WhatisthesymbolicideaofThePlague?A.Anindividualburden. B.Apositiveexperience.C.Auniversalsuffering. D.Anextraordinaryevent.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A.Theblind. B.Businessmen. C.Foreignvictims. D.Wrongdoers.7.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook. B.Tosolveasocialproblem.C.Torememberawriter. D.Toexpressanopinion.【答案】5.C6.D7.D【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者介绍了自己最喜欢的《鼠疫》这本书以及由这本书引起的一些感想。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Butthesymbolicideaworksontheconcretepresentationofametaphysical(形而上学的)problem,whichisthecruelfactofsuffering.”（但是，象征主义的理念是建立在一个形而上学问题的具体表现之上的，这个问题就是痛苦的残酷事实。）可知，《鼠疫》的象征意义是一种普遍的痛苦。故选C项。

【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句下文“Theplague,forthesepeople,iseitheranexcusetofleeoranopportunitytomakeprofits.Becausetheycan'tseethattheirconditionisshared,aspiritofunityispletelyforeigntothem.Andthatblindnessmakesmunityimpossible.(瘟疫，对于这些人来说，要么是逃跑的借口，要么是赚钱的机会。因为他们看不到他们的处境是共同的，团结的精神对他们来说是完全陌生的。)”此处those指代villains，这些人的品行很坏，由此可推知villains指的是“做坏事的人、恶人”，故选D项。

【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“Apandemic,terriblethoughitis,highlightsourmutualinterdependenceinawaythatonlytragedycan.ThebeautyofThePlagueisthatitasksthereadertomapthelessonsofthepandemicontoeverydaylife.Theprinciplesthatdrivethehero,Rieux,arethesameprinciplesthatmakeeverysocietyworthwhile—understanding,loveandunity.”（尽管大流行病很可怕，但它以只有悲剧才能做到的方式突显了我们的相互依存。鼠疫的美妙之处在于，它要求读者将瘟疫的教训映射到日常生活中。激励英雄里厄的原则和让每个社会都有价值的原则是一样的——理解、爱和团结。)”和文章最后一段“Ifwelearntheselessons,inamomentofcrisis,we'llallbebetteroffontheothersideofit.”（如果我们在危机时刻吸取了这些教训，我们在危机的另一边都会过得更好。）”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了表达“我们应该考虑团结而不是个人利益”这样一个观点。故选D项。

CAnewstudysuggestsEarthcouldhavelostupto60percentofitsatmosphereinthecollisionofspaceobjectsthatcreatedthemoon.Mostscientistsbelievethiseventhappenedabout4billionyearsagowhenEarthwasstilldeveloping.Theythinkamassiveobject,possiblythesizeoftheplanetMars,hittheEarth,sendingvaporizedparticles（颗粒）intospace.Gravityisbelievedtohavebroughttheseparticlestogethertoformthemoon.ThestudypresentsevidencethatthiscollisionmighthavecausedEarthtolosebetween10to60percentoftheatmosphereithad.AreportonthestudyappearedinthepublicationAstrophysicalJournalLetters.Theresearchers‘impactassumptionisoneofthreeleadingtheoriesofhowthemoonwasformed.TheotherssuggestthemoonwaseithercreatedatthesametimeasEarth,orthatitwascapturedbyEarth'sgravitationalfieldasittraveledthroughspace.Theresearchersdecidedtoexplorehowmassivecollisionsofobjectsaffectedrockyplanetswiththinatmospheres.Todothis,theycarriedoutmorethan300“superputersimulations（模拟）Theexperimentconsideredthepositionsatwhichtheobjectshittheplanet,thespeedoftheimpacts,aswellasthesizeandmassofthecollidingobjects.Earlierresearchsuggestedthatimpactcollisionsduringthelatterstagesoftheformationofaplanetcanaffectitsatmosphere.Theputermodelsinthisstudyexpandedonthisidea.TheyshowedthatacollisionliketheonethatmayhaveformedthemoonlikelytookalargepartofEarth'satmosphere.8.Whatdomostscientistsbelieve?A.Earthhaslostitsatmosphereinthecollision.B.Themoonwascreatedinthecollisionofspaceobjects.C.TheplanetMarshitEarthabout4billionyearsago.D.Thecollisionofspaceobjectscausedtheatmospheretoincrease.9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.ThecollisionofEarthandthemoonaffectedgravity.B.TheatmosphereonEarthisthecauseofthecollision.C.ScientistsholddifferentpointsonhowthemoonwasformedD.Anagreementontheformationofthemoonhasbeenreached.10.Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?A.Theprocessofthemoon'sbeingformed.B.Theheateddebateamongdifferentscientists.C.Thesuperputerexperimentofplanets’collision.D.ThecollisionofspaceobjectsaffectedEarth'satmosphere.11.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toinform. B.Topersuade. C.Todebate. D.Towarn.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述一项新的研究显示地球在与其它星体碰撞而产生月球的过程中已经失去了60%的大气层。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一自然段第三句话“Theythinkamassiveobject,possiblythesizeoftheplanetMars,hittheEarth,sendingvaporizedparticles(颗粒)intospace.”他们认为一个巨大的物体，可能有火星那么大，撞击地球，将蒸发的粒子送入太空。及第四句话“Gravityisbelievedtohavebroughttheseparticlestogethertoformthemoon.”可知，据信是引力把这些粒子聚集在一起形成了月球。所以科学家相信地球与一个尺寸与火星相当的物体碰撞从而形成了月球。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二自然段第三句“Theresearchers’impactassumptionisoneofthreeleadingtheoriesofhowthemoonwasformed.”研究人员的撞击假设是月球形成的三个主要理论之一。可知，对于月球是如何形成的有三种主要的理论，即科学家们对月球是如何形成的持不同观点。故选C。【10题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据第一自然第一句话“AnewstudysuggestsEarthcouldhavelostupto60percentofitsatmosphereinthecollisionofspaceobjectsthatcreatedthemoon.”及通读全文可知，一项新的研究表明，在创造月球的太空物体的碰撞中，地球可能失去了高达60%的大气层。根据第二段“thestudypresentsevidencethatthiscollisionmighthavecausedEarthtolosebetween10to60percentoftheatmosphereithad.”这项研究提供了证据表明，这次碰撞可能导致地球失去了10%到60%的大气层。根据第三段“TheyshowedthatacollisionliketheonethatmayhaveformedthemoonlikelytookalargepartofEarth'satmosphere.”他们表明，可能形成月球的那次碰撞很可能带走了地球大气层的很大一部分。所以短文主要是关于太空物体的碰撞影响了地球的大气层。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文尤其是根据第一自然第一句话“AnewstudysuggestsEarthcouldhavelostupto60percentofitsatmosphereinthecollisionofspaceobjectsthatcreatedthemoon.”及通读全文可知，一项新的研究表明，在创造月球的太空物体的碰撞中，地球可能失去了高达60%的大气层。由此判断出，短文的目的是告之读者一项新的研究。故选A项。DVisitorstoRomecannowseeoneofthemostimportantprivatecollectionsofancientGreekandRomanmarblesculptures.The90worksfromtheTorloniaCollectionopenedthisweekinthenewlyrebuiltPalazzoCaffarelli,overlookingtheRomanForum.AmongtheworksisamarblefountainthatwasmadeinancientGreece.ExpertsonancientRomebelievethefountainoncestoodinthegardenofthegeneralandstatesmanJuliusCaesar.Atthetime,itwasalreadyhundredsofyearsold.The620pieceTorloniacollectionisbelievedtobethegreatestprivatecollectionofclassicalartintheworld.ItwasstartedmorethanacenturyagobyPrinceAlessandroTorlonia.Hefoundmanyofthepiecesonthegroundsofhisfamily'sRomanproperties.WealthyfromabusinessrelationshipwiththeVatican,thefamilypurchasedotherwellknownsculpturecollections.In1884,thePrincebuilthisownmuseumtoshowoffhiscollection.Whenthemuseumclosedin1976,thepieceswentintostorage.“Thereappearanceofsuchacollectionisaveryimportantevent,saidarthistorianSalvatoreSettis.“WhenIsawthemforthefirsttime,itwasveryemotional,becauseIknewmostofthosepiecesfrombooks,butIhadneverseenthem."TheTorloniafamilychoseSettistohelpwiththedifficultjobofdecidingwhichworksshouldbeshowntothepublic.12.WhatcantouriststoRomeseethisweek?A.Allkindsofantiquesofgreatsignificance. B.Somewellknownstatuescarvedbywood.C.The90ancientAsianworkscollectedprivately. D.AmarblefountainfromJuliusCaesar'sgarden.13.WhatcanweknowaboutTorloniacollection?A.Itwasexhibitedtothepubicinthe18thcentury.B.Theworkshavebeeninstorageformorethan40years.C.TorloniaandhisbusinesspartnerVaticanbeganittogether.D.Itisconsideredasthegreatestprivatecollectionintheworld.14.HowdidSalvatoreSettisthinkaboutthereappearanceofthecollection?A.Disgusting. B.Thrilling. C.Promising. D.Meaningless.15.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheExhibition,aReturningWonderB.PrinceTotlonia,aGreatandWealthyCollectorC.TorloniaCollection,aBrilliantContributiontoHistoryD.MarbleSculptures,abinationofImaginationandCreation【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍来自托洛尼亚家族的90件收藏品即将亮相罗马。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一自然段第三句话“AmongtheworksisamarblefountainthatwasmadeinancientGreece.（其中一件作品是古希腊的大理石喷泉。）”可知，亮相的收藏品中有一个古希腊时的大理石喷泉。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二自然段最后一句话“Whenthemuseumclosedin1976,thepieceswentintostorage.（1976年博物馆闭馆后，这些藏品被收纳。）”可知，当博物馆在1976年关闭以后，这些收藏品就被保存起来。距今已有40多年了。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一个自然段第二句话“WhenIsawthemforthefirsttimeitwasveryemotionalbecauseIknewmostofthosepiecesfrombooks,butIhadneverseenthem.（当我第一次看到它们的时候，我非常激动，因为我从书中了解这些作品，但我从来没有见过它们。）”可知，塞尔瓦托·塞蒂斯觉得这些收藏品的重现是令人激动的。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。本文介绍了罗马将展出托洛尼亚收藏品，能够让藏品重现，这体现了对这些收藏品的重现，可称为一个回归的奇迹。故选A。【点睛】细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。例如第1小题，根据第一自然段第三句话“AmongtheworksisamarblefountainthatwasmadeinancientGreece.（其中一件作品是古希腊的大理石喷泉。）”可知，亮相的收藏品中有一个古希腊时的大理石喷泉，故选D。第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyonedesiresforsuccessandpeoplewilldowhatevertheycantoachievesuccess.Butseekingsuccessoverlymaycontributetobeingaddictedtoit.___16___Thoughitisn'taconventionalmedicaladdiction,formanypeoplesuccesshasaddictiveproperties.Toacertainextent,praisestimulatestheneurotransmitterdopamine,whichgetsinvolvedinalladdictivebehaviors.Thedesireforsuccessmaybeborntohumannature,butspecialnessdoesn'techeap.___17___In1980,thephysicianRobertGoldmanfoundthatmorethanhalfofambitiousathleteswouldbewillingtotakeadrugthatwouldkilltheminfiveyearsinexchangeforwinningeverypetitiontheyentered.___18___Thegoalcan'tbesatisfiedandmostpeopleneverfeel"successfulenough”.Thehighonlylastsadayortwoandthenit'sontothenextgoal.Satisfactionwearsoffalmostimmediately.Whatwewilldonextisthatwemustrunontothenextrewardtoavoidthefeelingoffallingbehind.___19___Butquittingisn'teasyforaddicts.Forpeoplewhoareaddictedtosuccess,withdrawalcanbeabitterexperience,bothphysicallyandpsychologically.Depressionandanxietyaremonamongoutstandingathletesaftertheircareersend.Olympicathletes,inparticular,sufferfromthe“postOlympicblues”.Successinandsuccessofitselfarenotbadthings.___20___A.Peopleshouldn'thavecontinued.B.Unfortunately,successisendless.C.Thatiswhatiscalledsuccessaddicts.D.Bothcanbringfunandsweetnesstolife.E.Successiscruelwork,anditrequiressacrifices.F.Therefore,itcontributestousleadingapeacefullife.G.Surprisingly,peoplebarelyattachenoughsignificancetotheirgoal.【答案】16.C17.E18.B19.A20.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。每个人都渴望成功，人们会尽其所能去取得成功。但是过度追求成功可能会导致对成功上瘾。本文介绍了成功上瘾症，介绍了其产生原因和对人的影响等情况。【16题详解】根据上文“Everyonedesiresforsuccessandpeoplewilldowhatevertheycantoachievesuccess.Butseekingsuccessoverlymaycontributetobeingaddictedtoit.(每个人都渴望成功，人们会尽其所能去取得成功。但是过度追求成功可能会导致对成功上瘾)”可知，上文介绍了成功上瘾的症状，本句对上文的症状下定义，指出这是成功上瘾症。上文中beingaddictedto对应C选项中addicts。故C选项“这就是所谓的成功上瘾症”符合语境，故选C。【17题详解】根据后文“In1980,thephysicianRobertGoldmanfoundthatmorethanhalfofambitiousathleteswouldbewillingtotakeadrugthatwouldkilltheminfiveyearsinexchangeforwinningeverypetitiontheyentered.(1980年，内科医生RobertGoldman发现，超过半数有雄心壮志的运动员愿意服用一种五年后会致其死亡的药物，以换取他们参加的每一项比赛的胜利)”可知，根据下文的举例可知一些有抱负的运动员愿意去服用对自己有害的药物来换取成功。所以成功是残酷的，需要做出牺牲。故E选项“成功是一项残酷的工作，需要做出牺牲”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据后文“Thegoalcan'tbesatisfiedandmostpeopleneverfeel"successfulenough”.Thehighonlylastsadayortwoandthenit'sontothenextgoal.(这个目标是无法满足的，而且大多数人都觉得自己“不够成功”。这种高潮只会持续一两天，然后就会进入下一个目标)”可知，后文提到很多人不满足于目标，很多人觉得成功是不够的。他们会一直持续下去，可见成功是永无休止的。故B选项“不幸的是，成功是无止境的”符合语境，故选B。【19题详解】根据上文“Satisfactionwearsoffalmostimmediately.Whatwewilldonextisthatwemustrunontothenextrewardtoavoidthefeelingoffallingbehind.(满足感几乎马上就会消失。我们接下来要做的是，我们必须奔向下一个奖励，以避免落后的感觉)”以及后文“Butquittingisn'teasyforaddicts.Forpeoplewhoareaddictedtosuccess,withdrawalcanbeabitterexperience,bothphysicallyandpsychologically.(但对瘾君子来说，戒烟并不容易。对于那些沉迷于成功的人来说，停止对成功的渴望可能是一种痛苦的经历，无论是在生理上还是心理上)”可知，上文提到了人们会为了避免落后的感觉一直追求成功，但后文but标志转折，说明停止这种对成功的追求并不容易，可推知本句是在说明人们不应该继续追求，但却不容易停止。故A选项“人们不应该继续”符合语境，故选A。【20题详解】根据上文“Successinandsuccessofitselfarenotbadthings.(在某方面成功和成功本身都不是坏事)”可知，上文提到成功与否本身都是什么坏事，本句承接上文说明原因：两者皆可带来乐趣和甜蜜，故D选项“两者都能给生活带来乐趣和甜蜜”符合语境，故选D。第三部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分45分）第一节：完型填空（共20小题，每小题1・5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Instormravaged（风暴肆虐的）SantaClarita,California,lastMarch,MartinezapproachedRunnerRoadcarefully.A_____21_____creek（小溪）hadfloodedit.Martinez,drivingaToyotaSUV,_____22_____he'dbeOK.Big___23___.Halfwayacross,therushingwatergrabbedholdofhisvehicle,sweepingitofftheroad.Itfinally_____24_____agood80feetaway,whenthe___25___somehowliftedtheSUVandputitintothegroundata45degreeangle.Shakenandtrappedinsidewiththewaterrisingquickly,Martinezwascertainhewasgoingto___26___.OntheroadrightbehindMartinezwereadelivery___27___andhisniece.They___28___thehorrorunfold,andwhenMartinez'sSUVcameto___29___inthemiddleofthepouringcreek,themanlandedto_____30_____.First,hegrabbedstrong____31____fromthebackofhisvanandtiedtheunsteadySUVto___32___posts.ThenheclimbedonthetopofMartinez's___33___andhitarearwindowwithhisfists.Frustrated,he____34____tohisnieceandyelled,“Givemea___35___!”Overandoverhehittherockintothe____36____veryhard,butinvain."WewerescaredthatsomethingelsewasgoingtoedownandtaketheSUV,takehim,takemyuncle.”KristinaReyes,27,said.Butheruncle'snamewasnotpubliclyknown.Reyes'suncleshoutedtoMartinezto___37___awayfromthewindow.He___38___andthrewtherock____39____,theglassbroke.Soon,asoakedMartinezwentoutofthewindow,andthemenescapedtodryland.Martinezwassavedbya（n）_____40_____deliverydriver.21.A.deserted B.swollen C.forbidden D.floated22.A.warned B.ignored C.figured D.delighted23.A.mistake B.luck C.deal D.fortune24.A.stopped B.continued C.pushed D.pulled25.A.thunder B.cloud C.water D.rain26.A.prepare B.live C.jump D.die27.A.judge B.policeman C.salesman D.driver28.A.talked B.watched C.hesitated D.brushed29.A.head B.stretch C.rest D.select30.A.fetch B.earn C.send D.act31.A.rocks B.ropes C.branches D.posts32.A.remote B.straight C.nearby D.movable33.A.vehicle B.boat C.truck D.van34.A.turned B.opposed C.objected D.treated35.A.foot B.hand C.fist D.rock36.A.bottom B.window C.house D.road37.A.move B.rise C.fly D.hide38.A.pickedup B.putaway C.putforward D.leanedback39.A.Finally B.Exactly C.Frequently D.Unluckily40.A.unfair B.unhappy C.unknown D.unable【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.A25.C26.D27.D28.B29.C30.D31.B32.C33.A34.A35.D36.B37.A38.D39.A40.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是去年3月，在风暴肆虐的加利福尼亚州圣克拉丽塔，马丁内斯开着一辆丰田SUV车被湍急的水冲出公路，被困在车里，多亏一位不认识的货司机立即采取救援行动，救了他。

【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一条涨水的小河把它淹没了。A.deserted被抛弃的；B.swollen淹没的，涨满的；C.forbidden被禁止的，禁用的；D.floated浮起的。根据“stormragaged(风暴肆虐的)”和后面的“flooded(淹没)”及“therushingwaters(湍急的水流)”可知，这条涨满水的小溪淹没了路，故选B项。

【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：马丁内斯，开着一辆丰田越野车，以为他没事。A.warned警告；B.ignored忽略；C.figured解决，认为；D.delighted使高兴。根据语境可知，马丁内斯开着一辆丰田SUV车，他以为（figured）他（能开过去），会没事的。故选C项。

【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大错特错。A.mistake错误；B.luck走运；C.deal交易；D.fortune财富。根据上下文的内容可知，前文他原认为开车能过去，但过了一半，湍急的水流把他的车冲下了马路，被困车中，可知，这（他的判断）是一个大错误，故选A项。

【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后在大约80英尺远的地方停了下来，水不知怎么把越野车掀了起来，以45度角沉到了地上。A.stopped停止；B.continued继续；C.pushed推动；D.pulled拉。根据后面的内容提到马丁内斯被困于车里，并且车子被水淹没可知，车被冲下了马路，最后停在离公路80英尺远的地方，故选A项。

【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后在大约80英尺远的地方停了下来，水不知怎么把越野车掀了起来，以45度角沉到了地上。A.thunder雷声；B.cloud云；C.water水；D.rain雨。根据前文可知，小溪的水满了，淹没了大路，所以车被冲下公路停下来时，水（water）托起车，把它以45度角放到地上。结合后一句“withthewaterrisingquickly(随着水上升的速度很快)”可知水将车托起，故选C项。

【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于受到惊吓，又被困在迅速上涨的水里，马丁内斯确信自己要死了。A.prepare准备；B.live生活，居住；C.jump跳；D.die死亡。根据上下文可知他困在车里面，随着水位的快速上升，他确信自己会死（die），故选D项。

【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：路上，就在马丁内斯的身后是一个送货司机和他的侄女。A.judge判断；B.policeman警察；C.salesman销售员；D.driver司机。根据最后一段最后一句“Martinezwassavedbya(n)___20___deliverydriver.(马丁内斯被一个不认识的送货司机救了。)”可知，此处是指“在马丁内斯后面的路上，有一个送货司机和他的侄女。”，故选D项。

【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们目睹了恐怖的一幕，当马丁内斯的越野车停在湍急的小溪中间时，这名男子立即行动起来。A.talked讨论；B.watched看到，目睹；C.hesitated犹豫；D.brushed掠过，刷。根据语境可知，当马丁内斯的车发生悲剧时，后面的司机看到（watched）这个恐怖的场面。故选B项。

【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们目睹了恐怖的一幕，当马丁内斯的越野车停在湍急的小溪中间时，这名男子立即行动起来。A.head朝……行进，出发；B.stretch伸展，延伸；C.rest停靠；D.select选择。由前文“Itfinally4agood80feetaway,whenthe5somehowliftedtheSUVandputitintothegroundata45degreeangle.Shakenandtrappedinsidewiththewaterrisingquickly,Martinezwascertainhewasgoingto6.(最后在大约80英尺远的地方停了下来，水不知怎么把越野车掀了起来，以45度角沉到了地上。)”可知此处是指“当马丁内斯的SUV车停（rest）在急流的小溪中间时，他们看到了这个恐怖的场面。”故选C项。

【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们目睹了恐怖的一幕，当马丁内斯的越野车停在湍急的小溪中间时，这名男子立即行动起来。A.fetch去取来；B.earn赚得，获得；C.send派送；D.act行动。根据后面司机的救人行动可知，此处是指“这个人看到这个场面后，立即行动（act）”，故选D项。

【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，他从货车后面抓起结实的绳子，把摇摇晃晃的SUV绑在附近的柱子上。A.rocks岩石；B.ropes绳子；C.branches树枝，分行；D.posts邮件，邮局。根据后面的把车“绑（tied）”在柱子上，可知，这个人从他的货车里拿出一根结实的绳子绑车。故选B项。

【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，他从货车后面抓起结实的绳子，把摇摇晃晃的SUV绑在附近的柱子上。A.remote遥远的；B.straight径直的；C.nearby附近的；D.movable活动的，可移动的。结合常识和选项意思可知，只能把车绑在附近的（nearby）柱子上，故选C项。

【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他爬上马丁内斯的车顶，用拳头砸后窗。A.vehicle车辆；B.boat船；C.truck卡车；D.van厢式货车。根据前文可知，马丁内斯的车呈45度角斜倒在小溪里，因此货车司机要爬上车顶才能撞击后窗。故选A项。

【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他很沮丧，转身对侄女喊道：“给我一块石头！”A.turned转身，改变方向；B.opposed反对；C.objected反对；D.treated对待。结合上文的“OntheroadrightbehindMartinezwereadelivery7andhisniece.”可知，他的侄女在后面的车上，所以说话时要转身（turned），故选A项。

【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他很沮丧，转身对侄女喊道：“给我一块石头！”A.foot足；B.hand手；C.fist拳头；D.rock岩石，石头。根据后面的“Overandoverhehittherockintothe___16___veryhard,(他一次又一次地使劲把石头撞到窗户上)”可知，他让侄女给他一块石头（rock），故选D项。

【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一次又一次地使劲把石头撞到窗户上，但没有成功。A.bottom底部；B.window窗户；C.house房子；D.road路。根据第13题“ThenheclimbedonthetopofMartinez’svehicleandhitarearwindow(然后他爬上马丁内斯的车顶，用拳头砸后窗。)”可知，现在他一次又一次地用石头重重地撞击窗户（window），故选B项。

【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：雷耶斯的叔叔大声叫马丁内斯离开窗户。A.move移开，离开，搬家；B.rise上升；C.fly飞；D.hide躲藏。根据后文货车司机用大石头砸窗户，可知货车司机叫马丁内斯远离（moveaway）窗户，故选A项。

【38题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他向后一仰，把石头扔了出去。A.pickedup拾起；B.putaway把……放置一边；C.putforward提出；D.leanedback向后靠。结合常识可知，用力扔东西时，人往往向后仰（leanedback），故选D项。

【39题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，玻璃碎了。A.Finally最后；B.Exactly确切地；C.Frequently经常地；D.Unluckily不幸地。结合上文提到了一次次砸窗户都没有成功可知，此处是指最后（Finally）玻璃碎了，故选A项。

【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马丁内斯被一个不认识的送货司机救了。A.unfair不公平的；B.unhappy不快乐的；C.unknown不认识的，未知的；D.unable不能的。根据倒数第三段最后一句“Butheruncle’snamewasnotpubliclyknown.(但她叔叔的名字没有公开。)”可知，马丁内斯被一个不认识的（unknown）送货司机救了。故选C项。

第二节语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分1