美国文化(英文)课件

AmericanCulture(English)CoursewareAmericanhistoryAmericanvaluesAmericanArtandEntertainmentEducationintheUnitedStatesAmericanlifestyleAmericanSocialIssuescontents目录CHAPTERAmericanhistory01SummaryTheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesismarkedbythesettlementofvariousgroupsofpeople,includingNativeAmericans,Europeans,andAfricans.NativeAmericansTheNativeAmericanshadarichcultureandwayoflifethatwasimpactedbythearrivalofEuropeans.ReligiousFreedomThecolonieswereahavenforreligiousfreedom,attractingmanywhowerefleeingreligiouspersecutioninEurope.ColonialLifeThecolonistsestablishedsettlementsandcreatedsocialandeconomicsystemsthatwouldshapethefutureofthecountry.EarlysettlersandcolonialeraSummary:TheWarofIndependencewasaconflictbetweentheAmericancoloniesandGreatBritainthatledtothecreationoftheUnitedStates.FoundingFathers:TheFoundingFatherswereagroupofleaderswhoplayedacrucialroleintheestablishmentoftheUnitedStates.TheConstitution:TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesisthesupremelawofthecountry,layingoutthestructureandfunctionofthegovernment.DeclarationofIndependence:TheDeclarationofIndependencewasadocumentsignedonJuly4,1776,declaringthecolonies'independencefromGreatBritain.TheWarofIndependenceandtheFoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaTheWestwardMovementwasaperiodinAmericanhistorywhensettlersmovedwestwardintonewterritories,oftenleadingtoconflictwithNativeAmericans.SummarySettlerspushedwestward,establishingnewstatesandterritoriesthatwouldeventuallybecomepartoftheUnitedStates.SettlementoftheWestThesettlementoftheWestoftenledtoconflictwithNativeAmericans,whowerebeingpushedofftheirland.NativeAmericanConflictManifestDestinywasabeliefheldbymanyAmericansthattheUnitedStateshadaGod-givenrighttoexpandacrossNorthAmerica.ManifestDestinyTheWestwardMovementandTerritorialExpansionSummaryTheIndustrialRevolutionwasaperiodinAmericanhistorymarkedbythetransitionfromanagriculturaltoanindustrialeconomy.IndustrializationFactorieswereestablished,leadingtorapidindustrializationandeconomicgrowth.UrbanizationCitiesgrewrapidlyaspeopleflockedtourbancentersforworkinfactoriesandotherindustries.ImmigrantsImmigrantsfromEuropeandotherpartsoftheworldcametoAmericaseekingopportunitiesintherapidlyindustrializingeconomy.TheIndustrialRevolutionandUrbanDevelopmentCHAPTERAmericanvalues02IndividualismisacoreAmericanvaluethatemphasizestheimportanceoftheindividualandhisorherrightsandfreedoms.ThisvalueisreflectedintheDeclarationofIndependence,whichstatesthat"allmenarecreatedequal"andareendowedwithcertainunalienablerights,includinglife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.Americansbelievethateachindividualhastherighttopursuetheirownhappinessandfulfilltheirownpotential,andthatsocietyshouldbestructuredtoencourageandenableindividualstodoso.ThisiswhyAmericahasastrongfocusonpersonalsuccess,entrepreneurship,andself-reliance.IndividualismEqualopportunitiesisthebeliefthatallindividualsshouldhaveanequalchancetosucceedandachievetheirgoals,regardlessoftheirbackgroundorcircumstances.Thisvalueisenshrinedinmanylawsandpolicies,includinganti-discriminationlawsandaffirmativeactionprograms.Americansbelievethateveryoneshouldhaveaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andotheressentialservices,andthatnooneshouldbediscriminatedagainstordeniedopportunitiesbasedontheirrace,gender,religion,sexualorientation,oranyotheridentityfactor.EqualopportunitiesFreedominAmericaisconsideredafundamentalrightandisenshrinedintheConstitution.Thisincludesfreedomofspeech,press,assembly,andreligion.Americansbelievethatthesefreedomsareessentialforathrivingsocietyandthattheyarenecessarytoprotectindividualrightsandfreedoms.DemocracyisanothercoreAmericanvalue.Americansbelievethatgovernmentshouldbeaccountabletothepeople,thateveryoneshouldhaveanequalsayinhowtheyaregoverned,andthattherightsofthemajorityshouldnotbeoppressivetotheminority.ThisiswhytheUShasastrongsystemofchecksandbalances,arobustsystemofpoliticalparticipation,andastrongtraditionofcivilrightsactivism.FreedomandDemocracySuccessandWealthSuccessinAmericaisoftenequatedwithmaterialwealthandfinancialsuccess.Americansbelievethathardwork,innovation,andrisk-takingcanleadtopersonalsuccessandwealthaccumulation.ThisiswhyAmericahasastrongentrepreneurialcultureandisknownforits"can-do"attitude.However,thereisalsoastrongemphasisontheimportanceofcommunityserviceandphilanthropy.ManysuccessfulAmericansgivebacktotheircommunitiesthroughcharitabledonationsorbyservingonnonprofitboardsorfoundations.Thisreflectsthebeliefthatsuccessshouldbesharedwithothersandthatpersonalwealthshouldbeusedtobenefitsocietyasawhole.CHAPTERAmericanArtandEntertainment03MoviesandTelevision010203MoviesTheinfluenceofHollywoodonglobalcinema:ThedevelopmentoftheAmericanfilmindustryinthe20thcenturyledtothecreationofauniquestyleandformatthathashadaprofoundimpactoninternationalcinema.Diversityinfilmcontent:Americanmoviescoverawiderangeofgenres,fromactionandadventuretocomedyanddrama,allowingforadiverserepresentationofstoriesandperspectives.Innovationsinfilmtechnology:Americanfilmmakershavebeenattheforefrontoftechnologicaladvancements,pioneeringnewcameratechniques,editingstyles,andspecialeffectsthathavepushedtheboundariesofcinematicexpression.MoviesandTelevisionMoviesandTelevisionTelevisionNetworktelevision:Thedevelopmentofnetworktelevisioninthe20thcenturymarkedasignificantmilestoneinAmericanentertainment,introducinganeweraofserializedstorytellingandmassmediaexposure.Cableandstreamingservices:Theriseofcabletelevisionandstreamingservicesinrecentdecadeshasprovided观众withmorediverseprogrammingoptions,includingpremiumchannels,nichenetworks,andon-demandstreamingservices.AmericanTVculture:FromsitcomsandrealityTVtotalkshowsandgameshows,Americantelevisionprogramminghascreatedauniquepopculturethathasbeenexportedworldwide.PopularmusicTheinfluenceofblues,jazz,rock,andhip-hop:Americanmusichasbeenshapedbydiversemusicalinfluences,creatingauniquesoundthathashadaprofoundimpactonglobalpopularmusic.Themusicindustry:Thedevelopmentofthemusicindustryinthe20thcenturyledtotheriseofrecordlabels,musicpublishers,andconcertpromoters,creatingacomplexecosystemformusiccreationanddistribution.MusicIconicAmericanmusicians:FromElvisPresleytoBeyoncé,Americanmusicianshavehadaprofoundimpactonglobalmusicculture,popularizingnewsoundsandstylesthathavebeenemulatedworldwide.MusicMusicClassicalmusicThedevelopmentofAmericanclassicalmusic:AlthoughEuropeanclassicalmusichashadastronginfluence,Americancomposershavecreatedauniqueclassicalmusictraditionthatreflectsthenation'sculturaldiversity.Fusionofclassicalandpopularmusic:ClassicalmusiciansinAmericahaveexperimentedwithblendingtraditionalclassicalmusicwithelementsofpopularmusic,creatingnewcrossovergenresthathavegainedpopularity.Americanorchestrasandconcerthalls:Well-knownAmericanorchestrasandconcerthallshavebecomeinstitutionsthatpresentworld-classperformancesandpromoteAmericancomposersandperformers.FictionTheriseofthenovel:ThedevelopmentofthenovelinAmericainthe19thcenturymarkedasignificantmilestoneinliterature,introducinganewgenrethatallowedforserializedstorytellingandmassmarketdistribution.Literarymovements:Americanliteraturehasbeenshapedbyvariousliterarymovements,includingromanticism,realism,modernism,andpostmodernism,eachwithitsownuniquestyleandperspective.literatureIconicAmericanauthors:WriterssuchasHermanMelville,MarkTwain,ErnestHemingway,andToniMorrisonhaveleftanindeliblemarkonAmericanliteraturewiththeirgroundbreakingworks.literatureliteraturePoetryThepoetictraditioninAmerica:AmericanpoetryhasarichhistorythatdatesbacktotheColonialperiod,encompassingadiverserangeofstylesandthemesthatreflectthenation'sculturalidentity.Innovationsinpoetryform:Americanpoetshaveexperimentedwithdifferentformsandtechniques,fromtraditionalrhymeandmetertomoreexperimentalstylesthatpushtheboundariesoflanguageandexpression.Socialandpoliticalcommentaryinpoetry:Americanpoetsoftenusetheirworktocommentonsocialissuesandpoliticalevents,servingasapowerfulmediumforsocialcritiqueandactivism.CHAPTEREducationintheUnitedStates04K-12EducationIncludesprimaryandsecondaryeducation,typicallyfreeandcompulsoryforstudentsbetweentheagesof5and18.HigherEducationIncludescollegesanduniversities,wherestudentscanpursueassociate,bachelor's,master's,anddoctoraldegrees.VocationalandTechnicalEducationProvidesskills-basededucationforstudentsinterestedinspecifictradesoroccupations.OverviewoftheEducationSystemEducationalphilosophyandpracticeEmphasizesteamworkandcooperationamongstudents,promotingdiscussion,sharingideas,andcollectiveproblem-solving.CollaborativeLearningEmphasizesstudent-centeredlearning,wherestudentsinvestigateandanswertheirownquestionsthroughhands-onactivitiesandcriticalthinking.Inquiry-basedLearningEncouragesstudentstoworkonreal-worldprojectsthatsimulatetheworkenvironment,providingthemwithpracticalexperience.Project-basedLearningEducationPolicyandReformNoChildLeftBehindAct(NCLB):Afederallawthatsetsstandardsandaccountabilityforschools,emphasizingmathandreadingtestscores.EveryStudentSucceedsAct(ESSA):ReplacesNCLB,givingmorepowertostatesandlocalcommunitiestocreatetheirownaccountabilitysystems.CharterSchools:Publicschoolsthatoperateindependentlyfromtraditionalschooldistricts,oftenwithmoreflexibilityinteachingmethodsandcurriculumchoices.EducationTechnology:Theintegrationoftechnologyinteachingandlearning,includingonlinecourses,virtualclassrooms,andflippedclassrooms.CHAPTERAmericanlifestyle05Americancultureplacesastrongemphasisonfamily.Familygatheringsarecommonandimportant,andpeopleoftenhavecloserelationshipswiththeirextendedfamilymembers.FamilyAmericanshavecertainexpectationsabouthowpeopleshouldbehaveinpublicandprivatesettings.Forexample,theyvalueindividualism,self-expression,andhonesty.SocialNormsFamilyandSocialCuisineAmericanfoodcultureisdiverseandincludesinfluencesfrommanydifferentcountries.ClassicAmericandishesincludehamburgers,hotdogs,pizza,macaroniandcheese,andThanksgivingturkey.EatingOutAmericansofteneatoutatrestaurants,cafes,andfastfoodchains.Theyalsoenjoyhostingandattendingpartieswherefoodisacentralfocus.FoodcultureVSAmericansenjoyawiderangeofleisureactivitiessuchaswatchingTV,goingtothemovies,playingvideogames,andparticipatinginhobbieslikepaintingorscrapbooking.SportsSportsareaveryimportantpartofAmericanculture.Americansareavidfansofprofessionalsportslikefootball,basketball,baseball,andhockey,andmanypeopleparticipateinamateursportsaswell.LeisureActivitiesLeisureactivitiesandsportsCHAPTERAmericanSocialIssues06ThisisacommonprobleminAmericansociety,anditoftenmanifestsinemployment,education,housing,andotheraspects.Blacks,Hispanics,andotherethnicminoritiesoftenfacediscriminationinthejobmarketandaremorelikelytobepoor.Inthepastfewyears,therehavebeenseveralcasesofracialriotsintheUnitedStates,suchastheFergusonriotsandtheBaltimoreriots,whicharecausedbyracialdiscriminationandsocialinequality.Lawenforcementagenciesoftenuseracialprofilingtotargetethnicminorities,whichisaviolationoftheirrights.RacialdiscriminationRacialriotsRacialprofilingracialproblemInequalityinincomeIncomeinequalityisaserious