外贸函电与单证

外贸函电与单证

BusinessEnglishCorrespondenceanddocumentsWHOAMI?授课教师：陈芳娌（FannyChen）

phoneechat:253531413Email:chenfangli2012@163.com导入三组数据外贸函电与单证作为国际贸易往来使用的联系方式，是开展对外经济贸易业务和有关商务活动的重要工具，称为外贸工作人员必备的专业技能IntroductiontothecourseCoursedescriptionCoursecontents

CourseobjectivesLearningguideAssessmentandRequirements外贸函电与单证1、函电与单证？LeadingIn

HowmanywaysofBusinesscommunicationdoyouknow?外贸函电与单证TelephoneFaxE-mailLetterTelegramTelexWaysofcommunication外贸函电与单证Introduction“外贸函电”通译为

ForeignTradeCorrespondence,或BusinessEnglishCorrespondence“函”：信函(letters)“电”：过去的电报(telegraphs,telegrams,cables,)、电传(telexes)，和现在的传真(faxes)、电子邮件(E-mails)等单证（Documents）本课程是国际贸易专业高年级的核心专业课程之一，是一门将英语与外贸业务相结合的课程。介绍外贸实务中各种业务英文函件,介绍对外贸易各业务环节的具体做法，写作格式和各种不同的表达方法课程要求先修的知识国际贸易实务国际金融市场营销综合英语课程的后续课程剑桥商务英语商务谈判2、为什么学函电与单证？Letter1DearMs.Fanny.

Goodday.wearelookingforhighqualitypaperstickcottonswabsmadeinChina.

pleasecontactwithussothatIamabletoe.mailyoumysampleimage.

Mycompany'snameisLivee'sTPS,Inc..

Mye-mailisno1tps@.

Kindregards

Mr.VeeYavarianHiMsFanny,

Iwouldliketoknowthepricefor200pcswoodenstickcottonbudsinPPbag.Iaminterestedinbuying5000bags.

Myemailisinfo@tcommercesrl.eu

Pleaseprovideuswithaquotation.

Thankyou.YoursSincerely,SasaTrifariLetter2Objectives本课程通过对外贸进出口业务当中往来函电写作技巧的教学，以及对外贸进出口业务各环节涉及的专业术语和表达方法的教学，培养同学们与国外贸易伙伴的英语书面沟通能力，能够恰当处理进出口业务中的往来书信、传真、电子邮件（writing,readingandtranslating）等，同时巩固国际贸易实务的知识，为从事与外贸相关的工作打下基础。3、学习内容？回顾上学期内容：一宗出口业务一般可以分成哪几个主要的阶段？第一阶段：寻找贸易伙伴，建立销售渠道第二阶段：对外进行洽谈第三阶段：合同的履行外贸实务基本环节有：建立业务关系、询盘、报盘和报价、还盘、订单，履行订单、支付、包装和运输、信用证的修改和展期、索赔和解决索赔等。本课程主要学习信例，大量学习外贸实务基本环节中有代表性的信例，掌握拟写信函和电传传真的方法。本课程的学习内容:外贸业务书信的标准格式;通过哪些途径来发展新客户，开拓新市场;如何进行对某商品询价，怎样报盘和还盘;怎样灵活运用付款方式;如何做到重合同守信用;怎样去审查信用证，做到不出差错;在理赔和索赔中做到有理有理有节；学会拟写信函和电传传真的写作技巧。学习方法：

1、每单元学习的核心和重点在函电范文2、认真完成练习，按照要求完成每一封函电的写作，注意正确的格式和明确的内容。3、语言是语音与文字的结合，应尽可能多地朗读、背诵词语和范文，做到耳、口、眼、手多渠道结合起来进行学习

1、课前预习有关内容，以便上课学习和回答问题。2、按时到课，上课时通讯工具关机或静音。3、积极参加小组活动，完成作业及讨论4、期末45分以下坚决挂科；5、平时点名，随机抽查，旷课3次以上，期末60分以下的者坚决挂科；6、迟到、上课玩手机、说话的同学，你懂的~~课程要求！考核方式平时成绩40%

考勤:10％（旷课一次扣5分，迟到一次扣2分）课堂表现：30％（回答问题及小组作业）期末闭卷考试:60％

Somereferencebooks《国际贸易实务》（第三版）黎孝先主编，对外经济贸易大学出版社《外贸英语函电》兰天，东北财大出版社Part

1

AnIntroduction

toBusinessCorrespondence基本问题1、Whatisbusinesscorrespondence?2、FormandStructureofbusinesscorrespondence3、somerulesofgoodwriting4、writingprincipleofthebusinesscorrespondenceChapter

1

Introduction

to

TheBusinessCorrespondenceSection1DefinitionWhatisbusinesscorrespondence?businesscorrespondenceisawrittencommunicationbetweentwoparties.Amediumthroughwhichviewsareexpressedandideasorinformationiscommunicatedinwritingintheprocessofbusinessactivities.Itisalsowrittenbypeopleinconnectionwiththeirwork.外贸函电与单证Section2FunctionsWhyisbusinesscorrespondencesoimportantinourdailylife?MaintainProperRelationshipCreatandMaintainGoodwillServeasEvidenceExpandBusiness外贸函电与单证Section3TypesofBusinessCorrespondenceTheexporter’slettersTheImporter’sLettersP4Section4EssentialQualitiesofaGoodBusinessletterQuestion:What’sthedifferencebetweenthedailyletterandthebusinessletter?Letter1DearJohn,Manythankstoyou,mydearfriend,ofthesplendidpresentthatyouhavesentme,andIfeeldeeplymoved.Iamgladtotellyou,Iammakingrapidprogresstowardhealtheveryday.Lookingforwardtomeetingyouatschoolassoonaspossible.Yoursaffectionately,DatDearMr.Hunter,Wehopethateverythingatyourendisfine.Wehaven’theardfromyouforalongtimesincethewarbrokeout.Wehopewecouldrenewthebusinesscooperationasquicklyaspossible.Weconfirmwiththanksreceiptofyourfirstenquiryandlookforwardtoyourfirstorder.Bestregards,Yoursfaithfully,HenryLetter2Inourwritings,HOWsomethingissaidisfrequentlyasimportantasWHATissaid.TheHOWcontrolsthefeelingcontentofthemessage,whiletheWHATcontrolsthesubjectcontent.ToachieveboththeHOWandWHAT,weshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofthebasicprinciplesforeffectivecommunications.QualitiesofaGoodBusinessletterWritingQualitySimplicityClarityAccuracyCompletenessRelevanceCourtesyNeatnessQualitiesofaGoodBusinessletterFormatQualityQualityofthepaperColorofthepaperSizeofthepaperFoldingofletterEnvelopeChapter2TheFormsofBusinessCorrespondenceTeachingObjectives

thelayoutofabusinessletterwritingabusinessletteranditsenvelopeinrightstyles（1）LayoutofaBusinessLetter

商业信函的格式在对外贸易中，商务书信的格式要求十分严格，它代表着一个公司的形象。它与私人信函的格式有较大的差别。本章突出了商务书信与私人信函的格式比较。有四种常用格式：齐头式（blockform）混合式（modifiedblockform）改良式（modifiedblockform）简化式（simplifiedform）选择何种形式取决于写信人的兴趣和爱好。LayoutofaBusinessLetter

商业信函的格式FourmajorformsBlockForm

齐头式ModifiedBlockForm

改良齐头式SimplifiedForm简单式IndentedForm

缩格式FormsofBusinessletter1)BlockFormIntheblockform,everypartofaletteristypedfromtheleftmarginwithnoindention.齐头式：凡是用打字机打上去的每一行字都是从左边的空白边缘打起。H.Woods&Co.Ltd.NessonHouse,NewellStreetBirminghamB153ELTel:(44-121)4560000Fax:(44-121)45600011March,2008TheManagerShanghaiTextileTradingCo.Ltd.72ZhongshanRd.Shanghai200001ChinaDearSirorMadam,Weareinterestedintweedlengthssuitableforskirt-makingandwouldliketohavedetailsofyourpricesandterms.Itwouldbehelpfulifyoucouldsupplysamples.Yoursfaithfully,LarryCraneChinaTradeManager除信头外全部左对齐段落之间用空格

LetterheadDate:____________

InsideAddress__________________________________

Salutation:

__________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ComplimentaryClose,SignatureSample1P92)ModifiedBlockForm:It’ssimilartotheblockform,thedifferenceisthatcomplimentaryclosingandsignatureshouldappeartotherightmarginofthepaper.改良平头式：这种格式，除结尾礼词和签名部分外，其他部分每行开头都与左边空白看齐。Sample2P103)SimplifiedFormsimplifiedformissomewhatlikeblockform.Butsomepartsareomitted,suchassalutationandcomplimentaryclose.

简单式：与齐头式相仿，但省略部分内容，如称呼、结尾礼词等。Sample3P134）Indentedform：Themainfeatureinthisstyleisthateachlineoftheinsideaddressshouldbeindented2-3spaces,andthefirstlineofeachparagraphshouldbeindented4-5spaces.Thisisatraditionallyconservativeformatoflayout.封内地址每行都应缩进2-3个空格，每段的第一行也要缩进4-5个空格，是较为传统的信函格式。缩格式示例具体收信人和事由居中日期靠右段首缩格结尾敬语和落款偏右Sample4P8-P15（2）EnvelopeAddressing

信封格式写信人在上，收信人在下信封格式不一,根据收信人名称地址的写法通常分两种格式：齐头式：收信人名称地址左端对齐缩格式：收信人名称地址逐行右缩AddressingEnvelopesReturnAddressStampAddressRemarksRemarks（备注）:

1.Private私人信2.Confidential机密信3.Registered挂号邮件4.Express快递邮件5.OrdinaryMail平信6.Immediate(Urgent)急件7.PrintedMatter印刷品8.Sample样品1、BlockForm—齐头式收信人名称地址：左端对齐写信人名称地址2、IntendedForm-缩格式

写信人名称地址收信人名称地址：逐行右缩邮寄方式ViaAirMail(ByAirmail,orParAvion)航空Registered 挂号ParcelPost 邮包Express快递SamplesPost样品Chapter3TheComponentsinBusinessCorrespondence1.Theletterhead信头2.Thedateline日期3.Theinsideaddress收信人地址4.Thesalutation称呼5.Thebodyoftheletter信文6.Thecomplimentaryclose结尾敬语7.Thesignature落款A.EssentialParts必要部分

B.OptionalParts附加部分8.Theattentionline具体收信人9.Thesubjectline事由10.Thereferencenotation案号11.Theenclosure附件12.Thecarboncopynotation抄送13.Thepostscript附言14.Referenceline参考号1.ChinaNationalCereals,OilsandFoodstuffsImp&ExpCorp.8JianguomenNeiDajieBeijing10005,ChinaTelephone:86-10-6526-8888Fax:86-10-6527-6028E-mail:carl@10.OurRef.YourRef.2.Date:15thNovember,20--3.MessrsH.Ronald&Co.556EastcheapLondon,E.C.3,England8.Attention:ImportDept.4.DearSirs,9.AquaticProducts

5.Wethankyouforyourenquiryof5November.Incompliancewithyourrequest,wearesendingyouherewithacopyofourillustratedcatalogueandaquotationsheetforyourreference.Allpricesaresubjecttoourconfirmationforouraquaticproductshavebeensellingwellthisseason.Therefore,wewouldsuggestthatyouadviseusbyafaxincaseofinterest.Weawaityourearlyfavorablereply.

6.Yourstruly,

7.ChinaNationalCereals,OilsandFoodstuffsImp&ExpCorp.Sig._______________(Manager)11.Enclosures12.ccourShanghaiBranchOffice13.P.S.WerequirepaymentbyL/CforatotalvaluenotexceedingUSD50,000.信函组成部分示例组成部分分项示例1. ChinaNationalCereals,Oils&FoodstuffsImp&ExpCorp.8JianguomenNeiDajieBeijing10005,ChinaTelephone:86-10-6526-8888Fax:86-10-6527-6028E-mail:carl@2.Date:15thNovember,20--信头日期3.MessrsH.Ronald&Co.556EastcheapLondon,E.C.3,England4.DearSirs,收信人名称和地址称呼5.

Wethankyouforyourenquiryof5November.Incompliancewithyourrequest,wearesendingyouherewithacopyofourillustratedcatalogueandaquotationsheetforyourreference.Allpricesaresubjecttoourconfirmationforouraquaticproductshavebeensellingwellthisseason.Therefore,wewouldsuggestthatyouadviseusbyafaxincaseofinterest.Weawaityourearlyfavorablereply.

6. Yourstruly,

7.ChinaNationalCereals,OilsandFoodstuffsImp&ExpCorp.Sig._______________(Manager)结尾敬语信文落款8.Attention:ImportDept.9.AquaticProducts具体收信人事由10.OurRef.11.Enclosures12.ccourShanghaiBranchOffice13. P.S.WerequirepaymentbyL/CforatotalvaluenotexceedingUSD50,000.案号附件抄送附言1)LetterheadLetterheadincludessender’sname,streetaddress,telephonenumber,faxnumber,andcableaddress,etc.Usuallyletterheadisprintedintheup-centerorattheleftmarginofaletterwritingpaper.名称、地址AUKaddress:

AirEnvironmentalMechanicalEquipmentLimited2076WestMainStreetDevon,EX140RAU.K.

公司名称街道邮编(在国家之前)国家城市门牌号BritishAirwaysRefundsDepartment

POBox365

Harmondsworth

Middlesex

UB70GB

UK单位邮箱号街区郡邮区国家中国地址名称用英文写SinochemJiangsuImportandExportCorporationRoom602,floor12,JiangsuInternationalBusinessMansion,50ZhonghuaRoad,Nanjing210001,P.R.China

单位名称门牌号大楼名称街道邮编(在国家之前)城市国家用汉语拼音直译;一个地名只大写第一个字母例如：“山东青岛”

Qingdao,Shandong

QingDao,ShanDong

可用缩写:

Rd.=Road,Fl.=Floor,Ave=AvenuetranslationCriterionofchinaplacenameExercise1、广州市新港西路135号中山大学SunYat-senUniversity,No.135,XingangXiRoad,Guangzhou,P.R.ChinaExercise2、广东省东莞市麻涌镇沿江西路7号中山大学新华学院XinhuaCollegeofSunYat-senUniversity，No.1,YanjiangxiRoad,MachongTown,Dongguan,Guangdong,P.R.ChinaExercise阿里巴巴（中国）有限公司中国杭州市余杭区文一西路969号邮编：311121Alibaba(China)Co.,Ltd,No.969WenyiXiRoad,YuhangDistrict,Hangzhou311121,China2、datePlace:afewlinesbelowetheletterhead日期最好用文字，如：

1. May2,2015

2. 2May,2015

3. 7September,20154. September7,2015

5. 25Aug.,2015

6. Oct.10,2015主意标点符号！Thedate写法：

美式：月-日-年

英式：日-月-年

Am.EMonthDate,YearNovember20,2004

Br.EDateMonth,Year20November,2004

避免月份用数字，如

03/05/2015

Date位置：美式：在信头和收信人名称地址之间英式：通常在收信人名称地址之下均可以齐头，也可以靠右DateinAmericanstyle日期信头收信人名称地址DateinBritishstyle日期收信人名称地址称呼信头3.Referenceline（参考号）在外贸业务联系中，当一个公司向另一个公司发函时，双方都会给信函编号。

编号一般应包括卷宗号码、部门代号或者该信封的签发人及打字员的姓名的手写字母。所有这些都标由“我方号码”、“贵方号码”，以防混淆。这些内容都打印在紧挨着信头下面的位置。3.Referenceline（参考号）Usedinthefollowingways:Ourref.401(intheletterhead)Thankyouforyourletterref.401ofMay5(theopensentence)_YourRef:401(subjectheadings)4.SpecialMailingNotations（特殊邮寄标记）SPECIALDELIVERYCERTIFIEDMAILAIRMAIL5.On-arrivalNotationsPERSONALCONFIDENTIALREGISTEREDMAIL6、Insideaddress封内地址Alwaysinclude:

Receiver’snameReceiver’sofficialtitleCompany’sname;thestreetaddress;District,nameofthetownorcity;Stateorprovince,ZIPcode;Nameofcountry;6、Insideaddress封内地址写上封内地址的益处：1）发信时可与信封上地址相互对照，以免发信时发生错误2）收信人读信时可以相互对照3）便于查阅ExamplesoftheFormatsofInsideAddress:Ms.CeciliaGreenSalesManagerABCCompany123BerryDriveMinneapolis,MN55106U.S.A.VicePresidentMessrs.J.Harvey&Co.66HighStreetAnytown,AY12BFChinaNationalMachineryImport&ExportCorp.36,JianshanRoadDalian,116023People’sRepublicofChinaExamplesoftheFormatsofInsideAddress:Attentionlineisusedwhenthewriterofaletteraddressedtoanorganizationwishestodirectthelettertoaspecificindividualorsectionofthefirm.Itgenerallyfollowstheinsideaddress.Attention:Mr.SmithAttention:TheSalesManager7、Theattentionline(经办人)具体收信人位置：

1.

收信人地址之下

2.齐头式靠左，缩格式居中表示的是承办本信件的具体个人或部门

1.Attention:Mr.H.A.Donnan,ExportManager2.AttentionofMr.Cave3.TotheattentionofMr.LiuMing

4.ATTN:Mr.Iverson8、Salutation（称呼）Agreetingformal对男士：DearSir,或DearSirs,或Gentlemen:对女士：DearMadam,ToindividualDearMr.Johnson,或DearJack,(lastname),or

DearProf.Park,(surname)salutation1.Ifunsuretowhomyoushouldaddressaletter,youshouldusethefollowingsalutations:

DearSirorMadam,

2.Ifyouknowthenamebutarenotfamiliarwiththeotherperson,youshouldusethefollowingsalutation:

DearMr./Mrs.XXX,3.Ifyouarequitefamiliarwiththeotherperson,youmayusethefollowingsalutation:

HiXXX,HelloXXX,XXX,外贸函电Informal

Subjectlineisactuallythegeneralideaofaletter.Itisinsertedbetweenthesalutationandthebodyoftheletter。事由（标题）的作用是让收信人对信的主旨一目了然，写在称呼下面的两行，一般是在信笺中上部的位置，可在前冠以Subject：或Re：的字样。9.SubjectLine事由ThecommonsalutationP239.SubjectLine事由表示的是该信函的主题

1.Re:YourOrderNo.4632.Subject:SHEEPWOOL 3.Re:ContractNo.8904位置：

称呼和正文之间10、BodyoftheLetterThisisthemainpartoftheletter.Itexpressesthewriter’sidea,opinion,purposeandwishes,etc.,soitshouldbecarefullyplanned.

Thebodyofabusinesslettertypicallycontainsthreeparagraphs:·

1.introductoryparagraph·

2.Mainpart

3.concludingparagraph11、ComplimentaryCloseComplimentarycloseismerelyapolitewayofendingaletter.Itisinkeepingwiththesalutation.结束语是一种客套用语它应与前面的称呼相呼应，后面加逗号。如：Formal:DearSir(s),Yoursfaithfully,orFaithfullyyours,Gentlemen:Trulyyours,orYourstrully,Lessformal:DearMrxx,YourssincerelyorSincerelyyours,注意：1）结束礼词写在结尾语下隔一行，正中或略向右边写起2）只有第一个字母大写，后面加逗号3）欧洲信函把Yours放前，美国则把副词放前4）用Yours而不用Your，与Yours连用的一定是带-ly的副词。外贸函电ComplimentaryClose正规场合下常用：1.Yoursfaithfully,2.Yourstruly,3.Yourssincerely,4.Faithfullyyours,5.Trulyyours,6.Sincerelyyours,第二个单词小写，结尾用逗号或不用标点符号CorrectwheretherehasamistakeYourfaithfullyYourssincerely.YoursTruly,Yoursfaithfully,Yourssincerely,Yourstruly,12、TheSignatureItiscommontotypethenameofthewriter’scompanyimmediatelybelowcomplimentaryclose.

结束语的下面，应将公司的名称用大写打出，必须由负责人签名，签名的下面为使对方了解签名人的姓名、职位，可以打字注明。Signature（签名）结尾敬语ManualsignaturePrintednamejobtitle公司名称Signature

Company’snameYoursignaturetypedsignature(jobtitle)ELECTRONICSLTD.

HaroldJones

HaroldJonesManagerReturn

外贸函电想一想：如果有资格签署的人不在公司，想请他人签署，该怎么办？外贸函电注意：有时候有资格签署的人不在公司，常以授权（powerofattorney)授权一负责的雇员签署，在这种

情况下，则应在公司行号前写上P.P.。

格式一般如下：Yoursfaithfully

（P.P.）THENATIONALTRANSPORTCO.，T.M.WhiteT.M.WhiteManager外贸函电13、EnclosureIfsomethingisenclosed,noteitbelowthesignature.如信中有附件时，应在签名下注明Encl.或Enc.如附件不止一件应注明2Enclsor3Encls,或详细列明如下：Encls:2InvoicesEnc:1B/L

1Photo

1Certificate14、CopyCirculationWhencopiesoftheletteraresenttoothers,typec.c.belowthesignatureattheleftmargin.如果函件要抄送其他有关单位，同时使对方也知道已抄送其他单位，可在信件最后的左下角注明“CCtoxxx”or“CCxxx”抄送位置：附件之下，左对齐表示该信件同时抄送给他人

1.明抄：ccMarketingDepartment2.暗抄：bccMr.SimpsonCarboncopy,收信人知道被抄送Blindcarboncopy,收信人不知道被抄送，只出现在发给被抄送人的信件里15、Postscript附言Ifthewriterwishestoaddsomethingheforgottomentionorforemphasis,hemayaddhispostscripttwospacesbelowthecarboncopynotation:P.S.Thesampleswillbemailedtoyoutomorrow.TrytoavoidusingP.5.sinceitmaysuggestthatthewriterfailedtoplanhisletterwellbeforehetypedit.ComponentsofaBusinessLetter

EssentialParts必要部分1.Theletterhead信头2.Thedate日期3.Theinsideaddress收信人地址4.Thesalutation称呼5.Thebodyoftheletter信文6.Thecomplimentaryclose结尾敬语7.Thesignature落款2OptionalParts附加部分8.Theattentionline具体收信人9.Thesubjectline事由10.Thereferenceline案号11.Theenclosure附件12.Thecarboncopynotation抄送13.Thepostscript附言BlockFormat

齐头式外贸函电Theblockformatisthesimplestformat;allofthewritingisflushagainsttheleftmargin.

Theindentedformat(缩进式）

外贸函电Alsothefirstlineofeachparagraphisindented.

Summarysevenprinciplepartsandsixoptionalparts.Weshouldatleastrememberthesevenprinciplepartsandsomeusefulandcommonoptionalparts.Weshouldalsorecitetheformatofbusinessletters.Theserulesandprinciplesarecrucialinthebusinessletters,becauseitshowsyourattitudeandabilitytodobusinesscarefullyandsuccessfully.外贸函电Assignments

Everystudentshouldchoosealayout,andthen

putalltheinformationaboveontheletteraccordingtothelayoutyouchoose.Seller:RoyalGrosvenorPorcelainCompanyLtd.Address:GrosvenorHouse,RenfrewRoad,OakleyStaffordshireOA79AHTel:(743069)60591/2/3Buyer:ColourfloorCo.Ltd.Address:238WiltonRoad,AxminsterAXzASDate:March5,2007Subject:porcelainThebody:------Theletteriswrittenbytheseller，JulieBerlinRoyalGrosvenorPorcelainCompanyLtd.GrosvenorHouse,RenfrewRoad,OakleyStaffordshireOA79AHTel:(743069)60591/2/3Date:March5,2007ColourfloorCo.Ltd.238WiltonRoad,AxminsterAXzASDearSirs,Subject:porcelainThebody………..………………Yourstruly,

RoyalGrosvenorPorcelainCompanyLtd.JulieBerlinExcersiceP27ExcersiceP29Chapter4TheWritingPrinciplesinbusinessCorrespondence——“7C”1、courtesy礼貌2、consideration体谅3、completeness完整4、clarity清楚5、conciseness简洁6、concreteness具体7、correctness正确WritingPrinciplesofbusinessLetters

Courtesy礼貌Bycourtesywemeantradingpeoplewithrespectandfriendlyhumanconcern.Inordertomakeabusinesslettercourteous,trytoavoidirritating,offensive,orbelittlingstatements.Toanswerletterspromptlyisalsoamatterofcourtesy.尽量避免使用过激、冒犯、轻蔑的语言。同时，及时回复来信也是一种礼貌的表现Followingrulesshouldbefollowed:

Changethecommandingtoneintorequestingtone;Avoidoveremphasizingyourownopinionorirritatingyourpartner.Passivevoiceshouldbeadoptedaccordingly;

Trytoavoidusingthewordwithforcingtoneorarousingunpleasantness.Useexpressionsaboutjoyandwillingness,thanksandregret,etc.Comparison:（1）Tellusmoredetailedinformationonyourrequirements?Willyoupleasetellusmoredetailedinformationonyourrequirements?（2）Youcanmakeshipmentalittlelater,thatis,byJune10.Youmightmakeshipmentalittlelater,thatis,byJune10（3）Wecan’tdeliverthegoodsallatonetime.我们不可能同时交货。I’mafraidwecannotdeliverthegoodsallatonetime.恐怕我们无法同时交货。Comparison:教材P322)Conciseness简洁Concisenessisoftenconsideredtobethemostimportantwritingprincipleandlanguagefeature.Concisenessalsomeansyoushouldclearlyexpresswhatyouwoulddoinashortandpithystyleofwritingaspossibleasyoucan.“短小精悍的写作方式”“Conveyingcompletemessagewiththehelpofminimumwordspossible”

Avoidusingwordyexpressions:避免废话连篇Avoidunnecessaryrepetition:避免不必要的重复Usingshortsentences,simplewords,strongverbsandactivevoice:短句、单词的运用Avoidtheout-of-datecommercialjargonsandtrytousemodernEnglish.不要使用过时的语言，要运用现代英语。Followingrulesshouldbefollowed:

Examples:P343)Clarity清楚

Weshouldfirstidentifywhatwewanttoexpressandthenexpresstheideainplain,simple.UseIndirectSentenceStructureinbadnewsPrefershortandsimplewordsKeepsentencesshortExamplesP354)Concreteness具体:Makethemessagespecific,definiteandvivid.Trytoheedthefollowingtips:Completewiththe6W’s:Who?What?Why?How?Where?When?Concretenessinaction:usingspecificlanguagetomakeourinformationmoreconcreteandconvincing;Usingconcretewords.

GeneralSpecificSoonMay15AlargevolumeanorderuptoUS$57,800Contactyoucall/write/fax/visiSomebody