网络报刊选读Why the Monarchy Must Stay

WhytheMonarchyMustStayItkeepspoliticiansfromholdingallthepowerWHAT

IS

A

MONARCHY?Monarch:arulerofastate,suchasakingorqueen,whohasarighttorulebybirth,anddoesnothavetobeelected.Monarchy:thesystembywhichastateisruledbyakingorqueen.TheHistoryoftheBritishMonarchyTheAnglo-Saxon盎格鲁-萨克森时代10661154TheNorman诺曼王朝MagnaCarta

《大宪章》1215.06ThePlantagenet金雀花王朝

1485TheTudor都铎王朝TheStuart斯图亚特王朝BillofRights《权利法案》ItrepresentstheendoftheabsolutemonarchyandthebeginningoftheConstitutionalmonarchy1603168917141917TheHanover汉诺威王朝TheWindsor温莎王朝TheNorman

诺曼王朝

WilliamI…

…HenryIThePlantagenet金雀花王朝

HenryIIRichardIJohnEdwardIRichardIII……

………

…

…RichardtheLion-hearted

狮心理查RichardI’sreign:1189-1199EffortsontheThirdCrusade(Ivanhoe)PersonalvalorintheHolyLandTheCrusades(11th-13thcentury)TheCrusadeswereaseriesofwarsbyWesternEuropeanChristianstorecapturetheHolyLandfromtheMuslims.TheCrusadeswerefirstundertakenin1096andendedinthelate13thcentury.ThetermCrusadewasoriginallyappliedsolelytoEuropeaneffortstoretakefromtheMuslimsthecityofJerusalem,whichwassacredtoChristiansasthesiteofthecrucifixionofJesusChrist.ItwaslaterusedtodesignateanymilitaryeffortbyEuropeansagainstnon-Christians.KingJohnandtheMagnaCartaKingJohn’sreign:1199-1216ForcedtosigntheMagnaCartalimitedkinglypowerinEnglandanearlystepintheevolutionoflimitedgovernmentTheTudor

都铎王朝HenryVIIHenryVIIIMaryIElizabethI……HenryVIIHenryVIII(reign1509-1547)EdwardVIMaryI(jointauthoritywithPhilipofSpain)ElizabethI(reign1558-1603)ChurchofEnglandElizabethanAgeDefeatedtheArmadaReligiousreconciliationRenaissance(Shakespeare,Marlowe)Geographicalexplorations(FrancisDrake)Virginallherlife(StateofVirginia)Hermotto:videoettaceoIsee,andsaynothingTheStuart斯图亚特王朝JamesI

CharlesICromwellCharlesIIJamesIIWilliamIIIandMaryII。。TheHanover(GloriousRevolution)(BillofRights)TheHanover

汉诺威王朝GeorgeII,III,IVQueenVictoria

EdwardVIITheWindsorGeorgeITheWindsor

温莎王朝GeorgeVEdwardVIIIGeorgeVIElizabethIIPrinceCharles？BuckinghamPalace(officialLondonresidenceoftheBritishmonarch)InsideBuckinghamRoleofMonarchycontinuityofBritishhistoryfigureheadofthestate(挂名首脑)hereditarypositionsincethe9thcenturyParliamentalteredsuccessionattimes

HouseofHanoverin1701replacestheStuartprimogeniture(长子继承法)ruleofsuccessionElizabethII-eldestdaughter1952(GeorgeVI)Charles,PrinceofWales,currentheirtothethroneOnlyProtestantsasmonarch(ActofSettlement王位继承法/嗣位法

1701)summonsanddismissesParliamentandtheministersoftheCabinet(formally)headofthejudiciarycommanderinchiefofthearmedforcesSupremeGovernoroftheChurchofEnglandandtheChurchofScotlandgovernmentcarriesoutthedutiesassociatedwiththesefunctionsmonarchappointsalljudgesmilitaryofficersdiplomatsarchbishopsandotherchurchofficersmonarchbestowshonors:knighthoods,peeragesawardstheaboveappointmentsmadeupontheadviceoftheprimeministerInthenameofthecrownprimeministerdeclareswarandpeaceconcludestreatieswithforeignstatesceremonialhead(ofstate)oftheCommonwealthofNationsfor16CommonwealthcountriesRealworksigningofpaperstobeconsultedreviewofimportantdocumentsmeetingthePrivyCouncil枢密院PotentiallyabolisheddemocracydecisionofamajorityofthepopulationremainedpopularTheroyalfamilyendorsesdevelopments(ceremonialfunctions)cuttingribbonsopeningbusinesseslaunchingshipslayingcornerstones,etc.involvedincharityworkmaintainapublicpresencebyvisitingsheltershospitalsclinicsetc.tourismItseemsthattheQueenhasunlimitedpowers.

BUTit’sonlytheoreticallytrue!TheQueenreigns,butshedoesn’trule.ThePresentMonarchofBritainQueenElizabethIIcametothethroneonFeb.6,1952whenshewasonly26yearsold.ThefulltitleofthepresentQueenis:

“ElizabeththesecondbythegraceofGodtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain&NorthernIreland&ofHerOtherRealms&TerritoriesQueen,HeadoftheCommonwealth,DefenderofFaith.”

托上帝洪恩，大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及其他领土和属地的女王、英联邦之首、基督教的保护者伊丽莎白二世Sheisgiftedinlaw,language,history&music.(German,French,Spanish)TheRoyalStandard

(王旗)

PersonalFlagofQueenElizabethII

RoyalTitlesHerMajesty/HM女王陛下(YourMajesty陛下)PrinceofWales--Theeldestsonofthereigningmonarch&theheirtothethrone.(PrinceCharles)PrincessofWales--ThewifeofPrinceofWales.(Diana&Camilla)PrincessRoyal--Theeldestdaughterofthereigningmonarch.(PrincessAnne)DukeofEdinburgh--TheQueen’shusband.(PrincePhilip)Themonarch’sspouseisusuallychosenfromanoblefamilywiththeconsentoftheParliament.Otherwise,themonarchgivesuphisorherposition,asKingEdwardVIIIdidin1936.

DiamondAnniversaryin2007Frontrow:QueenElizabethII,DukeofEdinburgh(right),PrinceofWales(left)Secondrow:PrinceAndrew,PrincessAnne,PrinceEdward(fromlefttoright)

DiamondAnniversaryin2007

TheQueenHasTwoBirthdaysoneisherrealbirthdaywhichshecelebrateswithherfamilyTheotherisherofficialbirthday，June14——troopingthecolor皇家骑兵卫队阅兵式AnexcerptfromTimes《泰晤士报》Britain’sQueenElizabethIItravelsinanopencarriagetoBuckinghamPalaceduringtheTroopingtheColourceremonyinLondonJune12,2004.Britainputononeofitsgrandestannualshowsofroyalpageantry(盛典)onSaturdaytoofficiallymarkQueenElizabethII’sbirthday.Morethan1,000soldiersinceremonial(典礼)marched&salutedthemonarchintheTroopingtheColourceremonyattheHorseGuardsParade

Ground(骑兵检阅广场)nearBuckinghamPalace.ParliamentHouseofLords：公爵，侯爵，子爵，伯爵，男爵DukeMarquisViscountEarlBaron夫人：-ess

女儿：Lady儿子：Mr.HouseofCommonsGovernmentofUnitedKingdomFormofgovernmentConstitutionalmonarchyHeadofstateMonarchHeadofgovernmentPrimeministerLegislatureBicamerallegislature:HouseofCommons,646membersHouseofLords,733members(616lifepeers,92hereditarymembersand25archbishops)VotingqualificationsUniversalatage18ConstitutionUnwritten;partlystatutes,partlycommonlawandpracticeHighestcourtSupremeCourt,HighCourtofJudiciary(Scottishcriminalcasesonly)Questionsaboutthetext1.WhatwasMr.Churchill’sviewonBritain’ssystemofgovernment?Doyouagreewithhim?Hethoughtitwasthebestthatmanhadyetdevisedthoughitwasimperfect.whypeopledonotdiscardthemonarchy?Themonarchreigns,butdoesn’trule,whichhelptoreachpoliticalbalance.Themonarchisthesymbolofanation.Theroyalfamilyareexpectedtobemoralparagons.ThemonarchyremindspeopleofthegreatnessandpowertheBritainEmpireenjoyedthousandofyears.Theroyalfamilykeepspacewiththetimes.

EveryTuesdayafternoonthequeenandtheprimeministerhaveameetingtobebriefedThefilmdepictsafictionalaccountoftheimmediateeventsfollowingthedeathofDiana,PrincessofWaleson31August1997.ThemainplotfocusesonthedifferingviewsinhowtodealwiththedeathofDiana.KingGeorgeVIwho,tocopewithastammer,seesLionelLogue,anAustralianspeechtherapist.Themenbecomefriendsastheyworktogether,andafterhisbrotherabdicatesthethrone,thenewKingreliesonLoguetohelphimmakehisfirstwartimeradiobroadcastonBritain'sdeclarationofwaronGermanyin1939.戴安娜王妃是王室从事公益活动的典范。DianaSpencerisenthusiasticaboutthesociallyusefulactivity

王室成员“与时俱进”，亲民而又开放。而威廉王子吸引全球媒体的大婚典礼，是一个与民同乐，将家族喜事化身国家节日的又一契机。Questionsaboutthetext2.WhatroledoesQueenElizabethIIplay?CansheplayabetterrolethananAmericanpresidentinasense?Explain.a.she,asheadofstate,carriesoutceremonialduties,andtakesthepoliticalaccountabilitywhileremainingabovepoliticsandtakingnosidesinanypoliticaldebate.b.Intheauthor’sview,shecan.AnAmericanpresidentisalsotheleaderofapoliticalparty,sohecan’tremainabovepolitics.Questionsaboutthetext3.WhatpowerdoesQueenElizabethIIhave/doesHerMajestyhavetherealpowertochooseaprimeminister?Whyorwhynot?a.shecanchooseaprimeminister,dissolveParliamentanddeclarewar.b.No.sheisafigureheadboundbythetradition,constitutionandlawsofthenation.ShedoesitontheadviceofParliament.Questionsaboutthetext4.Ifthemonarchywereabolished,whatwouldthingsinBritainbelike?Thegovernment,Parliament,nation,andCommonwealthwouldbeturnedupsidedown.EverynutandboltofeveryoneofBritain’smajorinstitutionswouldhavetobealteredtomakewayforchange.Questionsaboutthetext5.Doyouknowanyscandalsaboutsomemembersoftheroyalfamily?Bespecific.ThereareacoupleofscandalsinvolvingtheQueen’ssisterandchildren.ApartfromCamillagate卡米拉门andSquidgygate鱿鱼门事件,itwasreportedthatPrincessMichaelofKenthadanaffairwithoiltycoonJohnWardHunt,arelativeofthefabulouslywealthyBunkerHuntofHouston,U.S.A.Questionsaboutthetext6.Whymustthemonarchystay?Canitkeepapoliticianfromholdingallthepowers?Doyouthinkthemonarchymustgo?Statethereasons.a.Intheauthor’sview,ithasservedboththeBritishEmpireandtheCommonwealthwithgreatdistinction.Besides,itislegitimateandaccordswithtraditions.b.Yes,itcan,butitisnotthemonarchybuttheparliamentarydemocracythatcankeepapoliticianfromholdingallthepowersandbecomingadictator.c.Itdepends.ItistheBritishpeoplethatcandecideitsfuture.LanguagePoints1.ThisapoliticalstancehasmadeitpossibleforthepoliticalcultureofGreatBritaintoassimilate,withrelativeease,theoriesthatwouldappearonthefaceofthingstoberadicallyatoddswithasystemofmonarchicalgovernmentforexample,socialism.(para.4)Apolitical:Havingnointerestin/associationwithpolitics.Onthefaceof:judgingbywhatonecansee.atoddswith:indisagreementwith这种漠不关心政治的态度使得英国的政治文化能够相对轻松地融合其它理论，尽管这些理论表面看来与君主制的政府有着激烈的冲突——例如社会主义。LanguagePoints2.Anyreplacementwouldberuinouslycostly,bothinfinancialtermsandalsointermsofthelossofaunifyingnationalsymbolandavitalhistoricallink.(para.5)Isittrue?TheFrenchRevolution(1789–1799),wasaperiodofradicalsocialandpoliticalupheavalinFrancethathadamajorimpactonFranceandindeedallofEurope.TheabsolutemonarchythathadruledFranceforcenturiescollapsedinthreeyears.Franceprovesthatthereplacementfromabsolutemonarchytorepublicanismisasuccess.Thereisnolossofnationalcohesionandrespectforthepast.无论是财政方面还是在失去统一的民族特征及至关重要的历史环节方面来说，任何一种替代都将损失巨大.intermsof:从某一方面来说

LanguagePoints3.annus

horribilisThisphrasewasquotedfromQueenElizabethII’sspeechtotheGuildhallon24November1992,markingthe40thanniversaryofherAccession,inwhichshedescribedtheclosingoftheyearasan“annus

horribilis”.Annus

horribilisisaLatinphrasemeaning“horribleyear”,oralternatively,“yearofhorrors”.Italludestoannusmirabilismeaning“yearofwonders”.ListedherearesomeofthehorribleeventstowhichtheBritishqueenalluded.InMarch1992,itwasannouncedthathersecondson,TheDukeofYork,wouldseparatefromhiswifeSarah.Laterintheyear,scandalouspicturesofatoplessSarahbeingkissedonherfeetbyherfriend,JohnBryan,werepublishedinthetabloids.InApril,herdaughter,ThePrincessRoyal,divorcedherhusbandCaptainMarkPhillips.InJune,ThePrincessofWales’tell-allbook,Diana,HerTrueStory,

waspublished.

InNovember,justfourdaysbeforetheGuildhallspeech,oneofTheQueen'shomes,

WindsorCastle,caughtfire.Thecastlewasseriouslydamaged,andseveralpricelessartefactswerelost.InDecember,theRoyalFamilyfacedfurtherdifficultieswhentheseparationofThePrinceofWalesandhiswifeDiana,PrincessofWaleswasannounced.LanguagePoints4.Thepublicactionsandstatementsofothermembersoftheroyalfamilyhoweverlaudable(honorable)ordistressing(annoying)theymaybehavenoeffectsonthemonarch’spowerorstatus.(para.3)Why?皇室其它成员在公共场合的行为及演说——无论是值得称赞的还是令人烦恼的——都对君主的权力或地位没有任何影响

LanguagePoints5.…initscallforawiderdebateonthisissuestilladvocatedtheretentionofQueenElizabethasheadofstateuntilherdeath.theretentionofsth:thekeepingofsthE.g.Thecitizens’ForumsupportedspecialpowersforQuebecbutalsoarguedfortheretentionofastrongcentralgovernment.呼吁在君主制去留问题上做广泛的讨论时仍然提倡保留伊丽莎白女王作为国家元首直至她辞世

JournalisticLanguageWestminster威斯敏斯特（伦敦西部一个住宅区）英国议会，英国政府Whitehall

白厅（伦敦的一条街道）

英国政府及其政策City伦敦城

英国金融界，英国商业界DowningStreet

唐宁街（伦敦一街道）英国政府，英国内阁FleetStreet

舰队街（伦敦一街道）

英国新闻界，英国报业BuckinghamPalace白金汉宫（英国)英国王宫

MonarchiccountriesAsia:Kuwait,Jordan,Oman,Qatar,Bahrain,SaudiArabia,Cambodia,Bhutan,Japan,Thailand,Brunei;Europe:GreatBritain,Luxemburg,Norway,Sweden,Spain,Denmark,Holland,Belgium,Monaco,Liechtenstein;Africa:Morocco,Lesotho,Swaziland;Oceania:Tonga/ziliao/2006-09/19/content_5108547.htmFinalexamPartIJournaleseandInternetVocabulary(10%,onepointforeachitem)Directions:ChoosethebestanswerwhichcansubstitutetheunderlinedwordineachheadlineorsentencefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetI.

HutoattendSCO,BRICsummitsinRussiainmid-June.

A.Britain,IrelandandCanadaB.Britain,Russia,IndiaandChina

C.Brazil,Russia,IndiaandChinaD.Brazil,Russia,IndiaandCanada

BombersstrikeluxuryhotelinPakistan

A.protestB.accidentC.attackD.explodeFinalexamPartIIReadingCompre