2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语试题真题及答案详解（含作文范文）

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标全国I

卷）

英语学科

本试卷共12页。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码

准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签

字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写

的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、

刮纸刀。

第一部分听力（1-20小题）在笔试结束后进行。

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofa

bike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withits

beautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.Youcanalsobikealonglovely

landscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompany

inAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,We

makesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawide

variety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake（刹车）,bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排挡）,

bikeswithchildseats,andchildren,sbikes.

Prices

HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears

1hour€7.50€5.00

3hours€11.00€7.50

1day（24hours）€14.75€9.75

Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00

GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,

theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquare

everyhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBike

shoporbookonline.

1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itofoffersmanytypesofbikes.

C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.

2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?

A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.

3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

B

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observing

hownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowing

throughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedto

wonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbackto

observingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细菌）?

Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimals

andplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuild

whathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污

泥）.First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhe

试卷第2页，共10页

wentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplaced

theminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtoone

anotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludge

asfbodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwas

purewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—like

facilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesigned

aneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.

t4Ecologicaldesign“isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.ςςLifeonEarthiskindofa

boxofsparepartsfortheinventor,,,hesays.ςςYouputorganismsinnewrelationshipsand

observewhat,shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaysto

self-repair.^^

4.WhatcanWelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

6.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn,sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn,sidea.

C.TocompareJohn,sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn,sinvention.

7.WhatisthebasisforJohn,swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

C

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailed

explorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthis

philosophyifyoudecideit,srightforyou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophical

foundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremaking

somanypeople,sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetailed

discussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:

thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesfor

thirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefully

chosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I,llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigital

declutter.Indoingso,ΓlldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600people

agreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You,llheartheseparticipants5storiesandlearnwhat

strategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlook,atsomeideasthatwillhelpyou

cultivate（培养）asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissues

suchastheimportanceofsolitude（独处）andthenecessityOfcultivatinghigh-qualityleisure

toreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswitha

collectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.You

canviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestyle

thatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.

8.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"declutter''inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses,

ɪI.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

D

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhich

illustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds^^effect.Theexperimentof

试卷第4页，共10页

estimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberof

independentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren,t

alwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.When

enoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamore

accurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrors

won,tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people,serrorsbecomecorrelated

ordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（转折）onthis

classicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdivided

intosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroups

weremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,

theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantly

moreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabetter

senseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowith

thosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheir

minds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn,tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,

thegroupsreportedthatthey"sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.vSomehow,these

argumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.Althoughthestudiesledby

Navajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroup

discussionanddecision-makingareenormous.

12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople,serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton,sexperiment.

13.Navajas,studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

14.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

15.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetowardNavajas,studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项

为多余选项。

PersonalForgiveness

Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon,tbeatyourselfupabout

them.Toerr（犯错）ishuman.16Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelp

youdothis.

Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading''Personalstrengths.^^17Are

youcaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon,thavetobe

world-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou,reproudof.

Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading4ςActsofkindness.^^Onthisone,listallthe

positivethingsyou,vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwith

theirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookies

afterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.18

Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.19Thatway,

youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyour

personalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don,twaituntilyou,vemadeamistaketotrythis—

it,sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.

It'ssomethingofacliche（陈词滥调）thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbut

theirmistakes.Thethingis,it,strue.20We,reallchangingandlearningallthetime

andmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.

B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.

C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.

D.It,sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.

E.Itdoesn,tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat,shappenedorforgetit.

F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.

G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn,tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.

试卷第6页，共10页

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空

白处的最佳选项。

OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.Melanie

Baileyshouldhave21thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her22camebecause

shewascarryinga23acrossthefinishline.

Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythrough

her24whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She25tohelp

herfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith

26.Shecouldn,t.Baileythen27toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarried

herallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget28

attention.

Oncethere,Lenouewas29andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthat

shehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme30

tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey,shelp.

AsforBailey,sheismore31aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig32.

“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn,t33her,^^Baileytoldthereporter.ςςIfeellikeIwas

justdoingtherightthing.^^

Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe34、they,vesince

becomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe35ofhumankindnesswontheday.

21.A.designedB.followedC.changedD.finished

22.A.delayB.chanceC.troubleD.excuse

23.A.judgeB.volunteerC.classmateD.competitor

24.A.raceB.schoolC.townD.training

25.A.agreedB.returnedC.stoppedD.promised

26.A.courageB.aidC.patienceD.advice

27.A.wentawayB.stoodupC.steppedasideD.bentdown

28.A.medicalB.publicC.constantD.equal

29.A.interruptedB.assessedC.identifiedD.appreciated

30.A.hungerB.painC.coldD.tiredness

31.A.worriedB.ashamedC.confusedD.discouraged

32.A.gameB.problemC.lessonD.deal

33.A.leaveB.cureC.botherD.understand

34.A.rideB.testC.meetD.show

35.A.secretB.displayC.benefitD.exchange

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumpling

wrappers,encasinghot,36(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymy

favoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,

youhavetodecidewhether37(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamand

riskingaSPilI(溢出)，38toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehot

soupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe39(recognize)homeofthesoup

dumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownof

NanxiangasXiaolonghao,sbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-more

dumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed40handratherthanrolled.

Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem41(lift)out

ofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof42(they)

contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith43touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,

clearanddelicious.

NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris44(rare)enough,yettwoseems

greedy,soIamalwaysleft45(want)morenexttime.

第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

46.假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语,

你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括；

1.说明问题；

2.提出建议。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80个左右：

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

试卷第8页，共10页

DearRyan,

I,mLiHuafromClass3.

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

第二节（满分25分）

47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

WhenIwasinmiddleschool,mysocialstudiesteacheraskedmetoenterawriting

contest,ɪsaidnowithoutthinking.Ididnotlovewriting.MyfamilycamefromBrazil,so

Englishwasonlymysecondlanguage.Writingwassodifficultandpainfulformethatmy

teacherhadallowedmetopresentmypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanicbyactingoutaplay,

whereIplayedalltheparts.Noonelaughedharderthanhedid.

So,whydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomethingatwhichIwassuretofail?Hisreply:

“BecauseIloveyourstories.Ifyou,rewillingtoapplyyourself,ɪthinkyouhaveagoodshot

atthis.,,Encouragedbyhiswords,Iagreedtogiveitatry.

ɪchosePaulRevere,shorseasmysubject.PaulReverewasasilversmith（银匠）in

BostonwhorodeahorseatnightonApril18,1775toLexingtontowarnpeoplethatBritish

soldierswerecoming.Mystorywouldcomestraightfromthehorse,smouth.Notabrilliant

idea,butfunny;andunlikelytobeanyoneelse,schoice.

Whatdidthehorsethink,ashespedthroughthenight?Didhegettired?Havedoubts?

Didhewanttoquit?Isympathizedimmediately.Igottired.Ihaddoubts.Iwantedtoquit.

But,likeRevere,shorse,Ikeptgoing,ɪworkedhard.Icheckedmyspelling.Iaskedmyolder

sistertocorrectmygrammar.IcheckedoutahalfdozenbooksonPaulReverefromthe

Iibraiy.Ievenreadafewofthem.

WhenIhandedintheessaytomyteacher,hereadit,laughedoutloud,andsaid,ςςGreat.

Now,writeitagain.,,Iwroteitagain,andagainandagain.Whenɪfinallyfinishedit,the

thoughtofwinninghadgivenwaytotheenjoymentofwriting.IfIdidn,twin,Iwouldn't

care.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Afewweekslater,whenIalmostforgotthecontest,therecamethenews.

Iwenttomyteacher,sofficeaftertheawardpresentation.

试卷第10页，共10页

1.B2.C3.D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操

作方式，价格等细节。

1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasic

bikeswithfootbrake（刹车）,bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排挡）,bikeswithchildseats,and

Childreτ√SbikeS.（我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带

排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车）“可推知，MaCBike的优势是它提供许多

类型的自行车•故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额

外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。

故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,

Startingatl:00PmeVeryday.（旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始）“可知，导

游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。

4.C5.D6.B7.A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了JohnTodd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生

态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。

4.细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaround

hishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclear

afterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,John

startedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（当约

翰・托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。

例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰

开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱）”以及第二段“Afterstudying

agriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneat

cancer-causingchemicals?（在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和

提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？）“可

答案第1页，共12页

知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。

5.细节理解题。根据第三段“Afterafewweeks,JohnaddedtheSlUdge.（几个星期后，约翰把

污泥加了进去）“以及倒数第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsinthe

eco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,

andallthatwasleftwaspureWater.（他对结果感至IJ惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食

物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水）“可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子

里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。

6.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedeveloped

agreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.He

alsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（这些年

来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600

户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水）”可推知，作

者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。

7.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat,s

happening.ThenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoSelf-repair.（你把生物体放

在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式户可知，约翰

工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。

8.B9.A10.C11.A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数

字生活方式。

8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,

includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowto

adoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit,srightforyou.（这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包

括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学）“可

知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。

9.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonline

activitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberof

carefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyou

ValUe.（这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些

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你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动）”可推知，画线词“declutter”

的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。

10.推理判断题。通过文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,Γllguideyouthroughcarrying

outyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I,lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover

1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.（在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行

自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，

1600多人同意进行数字清理）”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例

子。故选C。

11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyour

effortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularCirCUmStanCeS.（你可以将这些

实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立-一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式）“可推知,

作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选Ao

12.B13.D14.C15.D

【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某

些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。

12.主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“Thiseffectc叩italizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemake

errors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcometo

underestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,

resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,then

theirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequires

thatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelated

ordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.（这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当

人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有

足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾

向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求

人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会

下降）”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互

抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预

测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。

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13.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people,sestimatesbeindependent.（从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立

的）”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedinto

smallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremore

accuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverage

obtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethan

theaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一

步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。

例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准

确）”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计

数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。

14.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,the

researcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.

Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleast

WiHingtOChangetheirminds?（在一项针对IOO名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地

了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？

他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗）”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小

组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过

程。故选C。

15.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsand

manyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingare

enormous.（尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜

在影响是巨大的）“可知，作者认为虽然NaVajaS领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对

小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于NaVajaS的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。

故选D。

16.D17.B18.F19.C20.G

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来

增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为,人们可以学会原谅自己的错误,并从中成长。

16.根据空前内容“Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon,tbeatyourselfup

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