北京市2023-2024学年高一下册开学考英语模拟试题（附答案）

北京市2023-2024学年高一下学期开学考英语模拟试题第一部分：词汇（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）1.请选出与单词“competence”匹配的释义。紧张B.能力C.竞赛D.自信2.请选出与单词“quality”匹配的释义。A.质量B.降低C.范围D.移走3.请选出与单词“suffer”匹配的释义。A.冲浪B.遭受C.职位D.员工4.请选出与单词“desire”匹配的释义。A.渴望B.决定C.力量D.赢得5.请选出与单词“relief”匹配的释义。A.原则B.细节C.点击D.减轻6.请选出与单词“occasion”匹配的释义。A.场合B.发生C.布置D.即刻7.请选出与单词“obviously”匹配的释义。A.特殊地B.显而易见地C.及时地D.当然地8.请选出与单词“cheat”匹配的释义。A.实验B.颂唱C.聊天D.欺骗9.请选出与释义“恢复健康”匹配的单词。A.recoverB.reduceC.reviseD.relieve10.请选出与释义“预防”匹配的单词。A.prohibitB.previousC.principleD.prevent11.请选出与释义“奖章”匹配的单词。A.medalB.mediaC.memoryD.moment12.请选出与释义“力量”匹配的单词。A.positionB.powerC.plusD.particular13.请选出与释义“距离”匹配的单词。A.defeatB.defenceC.distanceD.disease14.请选出与释义“专注”匹配的单词。A.contributionB.contactC.companyD.concentrate15.请选出与释义“即刻，马上”匹配的单词。A.immediatelyB.independentlyC.absolutelyD.regularly16.请选出与释义“账号”匹配的单词。A.accountB.addictC.amountD.announcement17.请选出与释义“toagreethatsomethingistrue”匹配的单词。A.adaptB.admitC.aheadD.annual18.请选出与释义“tomakesurethatsomethinghappens”匹配的单词。A.briefB.ensureC.creativeD.attach19.请选出与释义“athingthatyoudotohelppeople”匹配的单词。A.favourB.featureC.frankD.formal20.请选出与释义“tomakesomethingcontinueatthesamelevel”匹配的单词。A.momentB.maintainC.muddyD.merry第二部分：知识运用（共两节，40分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小2分，共20分）Afewweeksago,Ireceivedapackagecontainingseedsfrommyfriend.WhenIaskedherwhattheywould21into,asmilecrossedherface.“Justplantthemandbepatient.You’llseeforyourself22!”shesaid.Isowedtheseedsinaflowerpot.Inthefirstfewdays,Iwasveryexcitedtosearchfortheslightestsigns,but23happened.Withheavyloadsofhomework,Ibegantofeelsadand24.HowmuchIlongedforthecolorinmyfast-pacedlife.Iwateredtheplantsindryperiods.Ontheeighthday,tomygreat25,afewlightgreensprouts（新芽）appeared.Bendingdownandstudyingtheplants,Icouldalmosthearthemgrowing.Moredayspassed,andtheflowerpotsoonbecame26withcoriander（香菜）plants.

Nowtheyaretallerthantheedgeofthepot,constantlyshakingtheirleavesinthegentlewind,asiftheyweremerrilysingingasongof27.Iamcertainthatafterafewmoredays,myplantswillbereadyfor28.Theseplantshaveplayedanimportantpartin29upmyeverydaylife.Theymaynotbeamaindishonourtable,butusingsomewillsurelymakeourdishesdelicious.Letusallslowourpacedownandbepatient.Solongaswetakestepstosetourheartsfree,timeandpatiencewill30uswiththepurepleasureofbeingaliveinthislovelyworld.21.A.grow B.run C.look D.break22.A.immediately B.finally C.quickly D.regularly23.A.anything B.everythingC.something D.nothing24.A.shocked B.disappointedC.embarrassedD.scared25.A.surpriseB.pityC.shameD.anxiety26.A.packed B.linedC.crowded D.piled27.A.courage B.freedomC.interestD.relief28.A.harvest B.lossC.sights D.rest29.A.picking B.ending C.brightening D.taking30.A.impress B.assist C.surroundD.reward第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分）AKnownasthe“EasternMoscow”，Harbinhasalwaysbeenregardedas31uniqueandexoticcity，whichishostingits30thInternationalIceandSnowFestival.Thecity32(offer)specialwinterexperienceslikenowhereelseinChina:aniceandsnowworld,snowsculpturepark,icelanternfair,33dogsledding.Dozensofsnowsculpturesareattractinghundredsofthousandsof34(visit)toHarbin.BWongKar-wai’sBlossomsShanghaiTVshowhasbeenairingsinceDecember27，2023.The30-episodeperioddrama,35hasbeensixyearsinthemaking，isadaptedfroma2012novelofthesamenamebyJinYucheng,whichwonthe36(nine)MaoDunLiteraturePrizein2015and37(write)inShanghainese. CThe"SubjectThree”dance38(originate)fromlivelyweddingcelebrationsinsouthernChina’sGuangxiZhuangautonomousregion.Thetraditionevolvedintoa39(culture)phenomenon,suggestingthatinaGuangxinative’slife,therearethreeessential40(experience),or‘subjects’:singingfolksongs,slurpingricenoodles,anddancing.第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分）AIfyoudon’tknowwhattowatchinthecomingholiday,herearethetopmoviesearchenginesontheweb.Somerequirelittleornoinputbeforetheygiveyoutitles,whileotherswanttofindoutexactlywhatyourinterestsare.RottenTomatoes

InsteadoftellingRottenTomatoeswhichfilmsyoulike,youcantellitwhatkindoffilmsyouenjoy,whichactorsyouwanttosee,andotheraspectstohelpitfindthebestmovieforyou.ThequalityofRottenTomatoesrecommendationsischangeablebutit’salsoanicewaytofindtherightfilmforanymood.IMDbIMDbautomaticallyrecommendssimilarfilmstothemovieyousearchforinsteadofaskingyoutoinputratings(评分)ortotellitwhatmoviesyoulike.Atthebottomofthepage,a“Recommendations”sectionwillshowyouavarietyofotherfilmsbeingdisplayed,basedoninformationgatheredfromitsdatabase,whichexaminesfilmstofindsimilaritiesanddifferences.Jinni

Whetheryouwanttosearchforfilmsbasedonyourmood,timeavailable,orreviews,thesitehasitall.ButJinni’smostamazingfeatureisitssemanticsearch.Youcanenterwordslike“filmsthatshowChrisFarleyyelling”andthesitewillreturnfilmsthatmatchyourquestion.GotouseJinni.Youwon’tregretit!Criticker

Insteadofjustallowingyoutoratefilms,Critickercomparesyourratingstothoseofotherusersandseehowcloselyyourtastesmatchthoseofotherusers.Oncetheservicefindsmatches,youcanviewtheseusers’listsandseewhichmoviestheylike.Combiningcommunityandfunctionality,Critickerisaunique,yetworthwhileservicetocheckout.41．Youcansearchforamoviebasedonyourmoodon________.A．RottenTomatoesandJinni B．IMDbandCritickerC．RottenTomatoesandIMDb D．JinniandCriticker42．IMDbisespeciallysuitableforpeoplewho________.A．aretoobusytowatchfilmsB．clearlyknowtheirfavoritefilmsC．don’twanttospendtimeratingfilmsD．likesharingtheircommentsonfilms43．WhatmakesCritickerspecial?A．Commentingonothers’filmlists.B．Ratingyourfavouritefilms.C．Offeringdifferentstandards. D．Comparingusers’ratings.44．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Torecommendthebestonlinefilms.B．Toshowhowtousemoviesearchengines.C．Tointroduceseveralmoviesearchengines.D．Toexplainhowtofindthebestonlinefilms.BAHouseplantIsHelpingMeSurviveMywifeHannahandIusuallydon’tkeephouseplants.Anythinginpotsgetseitheroverwateredorunderwatered.Aftermydiagnosis(诊断)withbraincancer,Ilovedtheideaofhavingsomethingnewandgreenandalivearoundus.WhenmyfriendMitchgavemewhathesaidwasaluckybambooplant,weplaceditinthelivingroomwindowwhereIspentmuchofeachday.ItoldHannahIwantedtolookaftertheplantmyself.Whenitdidn’timmediatelyturnyelloworbrownorloseallofitsleaves,Iwaspleasantlysurprised.Asadoctor,Iwasusedtobeingtheonewhoprovidedcare,nottheonewhoreceivedit.Sincemydiagnosis,itseemed,Ihadtorelyonhelpfromotherpeople.TakingcareoftheplantgavemethefeelingofbeinghappyandsatisfiedwhenIfeltuseless.Wateringtheplant,assmallanactasitwas,connectedmetosacentralpartofmyoldidentityandtaughtmeIcouldstillbeacaregiver.Overthenextfewmonths,Irecoveredfromsurgery(手术).EvenafterIreturnedtowork,Icontinuedtocarefortheplant.Soon,ithadnearlydoubledinheightanditsleaveswereshiny.BoththetreeandIbecamehealthier.Then,withoutanyreason,itbegantoshowsignsofstress.Itsleaveskeptbrowninganddroppingtothefloor.“Ican’tevencareforasimpleplant!”Iyelled.“Ifmyluckybamboodies,Imightdietoo!”Icouldn’tshakethefeelingthattheplanthadbecomeasymbol(象征)ofmyhealth.Nowthattheplantwasstruggling,Igrewincreasinglydepressedandfearful.However,recallingwhatI’dexperienced,IlearntthatIhadwronglyconnectedmycarefortheplant—somethingoverwhichIhadatleastsomecontrol—withmyownsurvival—somethingoverwhichIhadnocontrol.AsIrealizedthefact,myanxietywasactuallyeased.Isearchedonlinetofigureouthowtotakecareofmyplant.Whenitwasbackinthesunnywindow,webothbecamehealthieragain.Now,wheneverIlookattheplant,IwouldthinkofMitchandtheotherpeoplewhohavecaredforandsupportedme.45．Theauthordecidedtokeepthebamboobecause________.A．helovedtokeephouseplantsB．hebelievedithelpedtocleantheairC．hethoughtitwasagoodwaytogetrelaxedD．hewantedtobesurroundedbysomethingcheerful46．Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutlookingafterthebambooatfirst?A．Itmadehimfeelhopeless.B．Itputanendtohissuffering.C．Itgavehimasenseofachievement.D．Itremindedhimofhispoorhealthcondition.47．Whydidtheauthorbecomefearfulwhenthebambooshowedsignsofstress?A．Becausehecouldn’tbearfailures.B．Becausehedidn’tknowwhyitwasdyingC．Becausehedidn’twanttodisappointMitch.D．Becauseherelatedhisownhealthtotheplant’s.48．Howdidtheauthorfinallyrelievehistension?A．BybelievinginhisrecoveryintheendB．Byacceptingthingsbeyondhiscontrol.C．Bythinkingofthosewhosupportedhim.D．Bysearchingforplantknowledgeonline.CHibernation（冬眠）isnotjustsleep.Whilewesleep,ourbrainsfireupandbecomehighlyactive;inhibernation,onthecontrary,brainactivitycompletelyslowsdown.Thebodytemperatureofhibernatinganimalsalsodrops,insomecasesclosetothefreezingpoint.Cells(细胞)stopdividingandheartratedecreasestotwobeatsperminute.Yet,onceit’stimetowakeup,hibernatinganimalscomebacktolifewithoutanysignificantsideeffectslikefreezing,muscleloss,orlossofbonedensityduringthelongwintermonths.Thesame,however,can’tbesaidaboutpeoplewhowakeupfromlong-termmedicalcomas(昏迷),oreventhosewhohavetostayinbedforlongperiodsoftime.Suchpeople,justlikeastronautsinmicrogravity,wouldsufferfromawiderangeofsideeffectsthatcomefromnotactivelyusingtheirbodies.Scientistsarethereforelookingintohibernationresearchwiththeaimofdevelopingwaystocausehibernationinfutureceastronauts.Recently,KellyDrew,aprofessorofchemistryandbiochemistry,hasbeenrewardedforhisresearch.TheideaisthatratherthanhavingastronautssitformonthsinatinyMars-boundcapsule,consumingfood,waterandair,andgraduallywastingawayfromnotdoingmuchinmicrogravity,apartofthecrewmemberscouldbeplacedintohibernation.Thehibernatingastronautswouldn’tneedanyfoodorwaterandcouldmanagewithmuchlessair—yettheywouldwakeupwiththeirbonesandmusclesinamuchbetterconditionthanthoseoftheirawakecounterparts.“Thisresearchcouldbeusedtohelpfuturemissions,fromtheextremeofmedicallycausedhibernationforlongtermcemissions,protectingastronautsfromcabinfever,radiation,andmuchmore,”hesaid.“Itcouldalsoproveeffectiveinpreventingmuscleandbonelossinzerogravity.”Thestateofhibernationcouldalsohelpinthemedicalsettingtohelpprotectpatientssufferingfromlife-threateningconditionssuchasheartattacksandstrokes.“Thiscouldmeanthatpatientswhohavesufferedfromastrokeorheartattackcouldbeplacedinmedicallycausedhibernationuntiltheycanbetransportedtoahospitaltoreceivecare,whichcouldsignificantlyimprovemedicaloutcomes,”thescientistsaid.49．WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph1?A．Theworkingprinciplesofhibernation. B．Theuniquefeaturesofhibernation.C．Themajorreasonsforhibernation. D．Thesideeffectsofhibernation.50．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterparts”inParagraph3referto?A．Bonesandmuscles.B．Brains. C．Astronauts. D．Patients.51．Whatwillscientistsprobablydointhefutureresearch?A．Studyhibernatinganimalsincemissions. B．Findwaystoputpeopleintohibernation.C．Improvemedicaltreatmentsforpatients. D．Seekcuresforlife-threateningdiseases.DWillchatbotsthatcangeneratefascinatingarticlesdestroyeducationasweknowit?NewYorkCity’sDepartmentofEducationrecentlybanned(禁止)theuseofChatGPT.“Whilethetoolmaybeabletoprovidequickandeasyanswerstoquestions,”saystheofficialstatement,“itdoesnotbuildcritical-thinkingskills,whicharenecessaryforacademicandlifelongsuccess.”Banningsuchuseoftechnologyfromtheclassroomisanearsightedresponse.Instead,wemustfindawayforwardinwhichsuchtechnologiescombinewellwith,ratherthanreplace,studentthinking.BanningChatGPTisimpossibleinpractice.Studentswillfindwaysaroundtheban,whichwillcauseafurtherdefensiveresponsefromteachersandadministrators,andsoon.It’shardtobelievethatacloseracebetweenthosedigitalnativesandtheireducatorswillendinadecisivevictoryforthelatter.Infact,chatbotsmaywellspeedupatrend(趋向)towardvaluingcriticalthinking.Inaworldwherecomputerscanfluentlyansweranyquestion,studentsneedtogetmuchbetteratdecidingwhatquestionstoaskandhowtofact-checktheanswerstheprogramgenerates.Sohowdoweencourageyoungpeopletousetheirmindswhenrealthinkingissohardtotellapartfromitssimulacrum(假象)?Teachers,ofcourse,willstillwanttowatchstudentstakingold-fashioned,in-person,no-chatbot-allowedexamstocheckthattheydonotcheat.Butwemustalsofigureouthowtodosomethingnew:howtousetoolslikeGPTtoinspiredeeperthinking.GPToftengeneratestextthatisfluentand“reasonable”—butwrong.Sousingitrequiresthesamementalheavyliftingthatwritingdoes:forminganopinion,creatinganoutline,pickingwhichpointstoexplainandwhichtodrop,andlookingforsup