2020-2021学年高三英语上学期期末题型分类冲刺01阅读理解（解析版）

01阅读理解

〔Passage]

（2021・东营神州天立高级中学有限公司高三月考）MyfavoritenovelisAlbertCamus'sThePlague（鼠

疫）.Itwaspublishedin1947,afterWordWarII.

Onthesurface,it*sastoryaboutanAlgeriancoastaltownthreatenedbyamysteriousplague.Butthesymbolic

ideaworksontheconcretepresentationofametaphysical（形而上学的）problem,whichisthecruelfactof

suffering.Liketheplague,it'sjustathingthathappensintheworldwhetherwewantittoornot.Camus'snovelasks

ifwecanthinkofsuf'feringnotasanindividualburdenbutasasharedexperience—andmaybeturnitintosomething

positive.

Thekeyistorecognizetheuniversalityofsuffering.Aplagueisanextraordinaryeventandthehorroritresults

inisextraordinary,too.Butsufferingisanythingbutextraordinary.Everydayyouleavethehouse,somethingterrible

couldhappen.Thesameistrueforall.Allofusarcsubjecttoforcesoverwhichwehavenocontrol.

Apandemic（大流行病）forcesustothinkaboutourresponsibilitiestothepeoplearoundus.TheheroofThe

PlagueisacommitteddoctornamedRieux.Fromtheverybeginning,Rieuxdevoteshimselftoresistingtheplague

thatuniteditsvictims.Eachcharacterinthestoryisdefined（亥画）bywhattheydowhentheplaguecomes.Noone

escapesit,butthosewhoreducethesufferingofothersarethemostfulfilled.Theonlyvillainsarethosewhocannot

seebeyondthemselves.Theplague,forthesepeople,iseitheranexcusetofleeoranopportunitytomakeprofits.

Becausetheycan*tseethattheirconditionisshared,aspiritofunityiscompletely

foreigntothem.Andthatblindnessmakescommunityimpossible.

AttheveryendofThePlague,Camusstatedhisphilosophythatthestruggleagainstsufferingisneveroverfor

good.Theplaguewillreturn,andsowilleverythingelsethatupsetshumans.Butthepointofthebookisthatashared

struggleiswhatmakescommunitypossibleinthefirstplace.

Apandemic,terriblethoughitis,highlightsourmutualinterdependenceinawaythatonlytragedycan.The

beautyofThePlagueisthatitasksthereadertomapthelessonsofthepandemicontoeverydaylife.Theprinciples

thatdrivethehero,Rieux,arethesameprinciplesthatmakeeverysocietyworthwhile—understanding,loveand

unity.

Ifwelearntheselessons,inamomentofcrisis,wellallbebetteroffontheothersideofit.

1.WhatisthesymbolicideaofThePlague?

A.Anindividualburden.B.Apositiveexperience.

C.Auniversalsuffering.D.Anextraordinaryevent.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?

A.Theblind.B.Businessmen.C.Foreignvictims.D.Wrongdoers.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.B.Tosolveasocialproblem.

C.Torememberawriter.D.Toexpressanopinion.

【答案】

1.C2.D3.D

【分析】

这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者介绍了自己最喜欢的《鼠疫》这本书以及由这本书引起的一些感想。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Butthesymbolicideaworksontheconcretepresentationofametaphysical（形而上

学的）problem,whichisthecruelfactofsuffering."（但是，象征主义的理念是建立在一个形而上学问题的具体

表现之上的，这个问题就是痛苦的残酷事实。）可知，《鼠疫》的象征意义是一种普遍的痛苦。故选C项。

2.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句下文“Theplague,forthesepeople,iseitheranexcusetofleeoranopportunity

tomakeprofits.Becausetheycan'tseethattheirconditionisshared,aspiritofunityiscompletelyforeigntothem.

Andthatblindnessmakescommunityimpossible4瘟疫，对于这些人来说，要么是逃跑的借口，要么是赚钱的

机会。因为他们看不到他们的处境是共同的，团结的精神对他们来说是完全陌生的。）”此处those指代villains,

这些人的品行很坏，由此可推知villains指的是“做坏事的人、恶人”，故选D项。

3.推理判断题。根据第六段“Apandemic,terriblethoughitis,highlightsourmutualinterdependenceinawaythat

onlytragedycan.ThebeautyofThePlagueisthatitasksthereadertomapthelessonsofthepandemiconto

everydaylife.Theprinciplesthatdrivethehero,Rieux,arethesameprinciplesthatmakeeverysociety

worthwhile—understanding,loveandunity."（尽管大流行病很可怕，但它以只有悲剧才能做到的方式突显了

我们的相互依存。鼠疫的美妙之处在于，它要求读者将瘟疫的教训映射到日常生活中。激励英雄里厄的原

则和让每个社会都有价值的原则是一样的——理解、爱和团结。厂和文章最后一段“Ifwelearntheselessons,in

amomentofcrisis,we'llallbebetteroffontheothersideofit.”（如果我们在危机时亥U吸取了这些教训I,我们在

危机的另一边都会过得更好。）'‘可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了表达“我们应该考虑团结而不是个人

利益”这样一个观点。故选D项。

Passage2

（2021•江西宜春市・高三月考）ThenexttimeagiantBigMacorCokeflashesintoyourmindwhenyou're

walkinghomefromthepub,youmaynotsimplyhavethesnacks.

ABritishhi-techcompanyhascreatedanewadvertisingsystemthatuseslasers（激光）toprojectimagesupto

200metrestallfromthesidesoftallbuildings,enablingadvertiserstoreachpeoplefromvirtualbillboardsinthesky.

Passers-bywillseeeachimageforonlybetweenonetenthandquarterofasecond,astheireyescatchthelightfrom

certainangles.

Advertisingagenciesandbigbusinesseshavealreadysignalledtheirinterest,butSkylinecampaignershave

brandedthetechnology"greedy"andsaidthatitcouldfillourskieswithshowyandtastelessbrands.

TheEchosystemusesahighlaserprojectortobouncelightoffanarrowreflectivestripfixedtothesideofa

building,visibleupto1kmaway.Thiscreateslarge-scaleimagesthatarecapturedbrieflyintheviewer'seyeasa

resultofthe"persistenceofvision“effect:thesameeffectthatleavesanimprint（E|H己）ofalightsourceonyour

visionafteryou'veturnedaway.

DanielSiden,thetechnology'sinventor,explained:Peopleoftenthinkthiscouldbesubversive,butit'sactually

lessinvasiveandmorefunthantraditionaladvertising.Mr.Sidensaidthatthesystemwassafebecauseofthedistance

betweentheprojectorandpassers-by.Andimageswouldbeabovethelineofsightofdriversandcyclistsandbelow

thefieldofvisionofairlinepilot.Theimageshavebeentestedandshownnottocauseepilepticseizures（癫痫发作）.

Becauseitusesonlyonestripofreflectedlight,thesystemneedsasmallamountofthepower,about

one-twentiethofastandard96-sheetdigitaloutdoordisplayforanimageofthesameheight.

Still,someSkylinecampaignersdislikethetechnologyandbelieveitdeliverssubliminaladvertising（隐形广

告）.BarbaraWeissoftheSkylineCampaign,said:"It'sactuallyoffensive.London'slatesttallbuildingsarenot

particularlywell-builtorwelldesigned,butunfortunatelypeopleareforcedtolookatthem.Addingstupid

advertisingthafsinvasiveinitsnaturewillonlymakeitworse.”

4.WhydoesthewriterusetheexampleofBigMac,Cokeinparagraph1?

A.Becauseheattemptstopromotetheseproductstopotentialconsumers.

B.Becausehewantstointroduceanewadvertisingtechnologytoreaders.

C.Becausehestudiestheassociationbetweenproductsandimagesinadvertising.

D.Becausehetriestoillustratetheeffectivenessofflashingimagesofadvertisedgoods.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheEchosystemistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Pedestrianscanseetheflashingimagesfromspecificangles.

B.It'sanewsystemdevelopedbyanadvertisingagency.

C.Theimagewillnolongerexistinvisionafteryou'veturnedaway.

D.Thesystemconsistsofalaserprojector,areflectivestripandaphysicalbillboard.

6.Theunderlinedword“subversive“inparagraph5probablymeans.

A.subconsciousB.damagingC.harmlessD.imaginative

7.WhichpartyislikelytosetobstaclestotheapplicationoftheEchosystem?

A.Environmentalistsworriedaboutenergyconsumption.

B.Drivers,cyclistsandpilotswhosesightmightbeaffected.

C.TheSkylineCampaignregardingthetechnologyasflashy.

D.Thepatientswhosufferfromepilepticseizures.

【答案】

4.B5,A6.B7.C

【分析】

这是•篇说明文。文章介绍了•项新的广告技术以及各方对它的反应。

4.

推理判断题。根据第二段中“ABritishhi-techcompanyhascreatedanewadvertisingsystemthatuseslasers（激

光）toprojectimagesupto200metrestallfromthesidesoftallbuildings,enablingadvertiserstoreachpeoplefrom

virtualbillboardsinthesky.（一家英国高科技公司发明了一-种新的广告系统，该系统使用激光从高楼的侧面

投射高达200米的图像，使广告商可以通过空中虚拟广告牌接触到人群。）”可知，作者在第一段中使用

了巨无霸可乐的例子是因为他想向读者介绍一种新的广告技术。故选B项。

5.

细节理解题。根据第二段“Passers-bywillseeeachimageforonlybetweenonetenthandquarterofasecond,as

theireyescatchthelightfromcertainangles.”可知，路人只会在十分之一到四分之一秒之间看到每幅图像，

因为他们的眼睛会从特定的角度捕捉光线。选项A“行人可以从特定的角度看到闪烁的图像。”是正确的。

故选A项。

6.

词义猜测题。根据第五段中“DanielSiden,thetechnology^inventor,explained:Peopleoftenthinkthiscouldbe

subversive,butit'sactuallylessinvasiveandmorefimthantraditionaladvertising.Mr.Sidensaidthatthesystemwas

safebecauseofthedistancebetweentheprojectorandpassers-by.（这项技术的发明者DanielSiden解释说：“人

们通常认为这可能是，但实际上它比传统广告更少侵略性，也更有趣。"Siden说这个系统是安

全的，因为投影仪和路人之间有距离。）”由转折词but后出现的“更少侵略性”和“安全的”，可知，划

线词subversive意为“有破坏性的"。故选B项。

7.

推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Still,someSkylinecampaignersdislikethetechnologyandbelieveitdelivers

subliminaladvertising（隐形广告）.Addingstupidadvertisingthat'sinvasiveinitsnaturewillonlymakeitworse.

（不过，一些SkylineCampaign的人士不喜欢这项技术，认为它传递了隐形广告。添加具有侵略性的愚蠢广

告只会让情况变得更糟。）”可知，认为这项技术是华而不实的SkylineCampaign有可能会对回声系统的应

用设置障碍。故选C项。

Passage3

（2021•黑龙江哈尔滨市•哈尔滨三中高三期末）WhetherifsChinesesocialmedialikeSinaWeibo,or

WesternmedialikeInstagramanFacebook,videoscangoviralinmerehours.

Thewiderangeofviralvideossuggeststhatpopularconceptsarelargelyrandom.Afterall,whatlinkstherecent

broomchallengetofunnyinternetcatvideos?

AccordingtoscientistsfromStanfordUniversity,US,thepopularityofavideocanbepredictedbylookingat

howcertainareasofaperson'sbrainreactwithinthefirstfewsecondsofavideo.Thismethodhasbeencalled

neuroforecasting（神经预测）.

Theteammadethefindingbyrecruiting（招募）36volunteerstowatcharangeofvideoswhilebeingscanned

withanFMRI——amachinethatcanmonitorthechangesinbloodoxygenandflow.

Participantswereshown32differentvideosandweremonitoredaccordingtotheirbrainresponsesinfour

differentareas.Theresultsshowedthatspecificbrainactivityduringthefirstfoursecondsofavideocould

effectivelypredictaperson'sthoughtsonavideoandwhethertheywouldkeepwatching.

UsingtheFMRIresults,theStanfordteamconsistentlysawincreasedactivityinthenucleusaccumbens（伏核）

anddecreasedactivityintheanteriorinsula（前脑岛）partsofthebrainwhiletheparticipantswerewatchingthemost

popularofthe32-vidcoselection.

Accordingtothestudy,thesetwobrainregionsarerelatedtothefeelingofexpectationwegetwhenwe'renot

certainofsomething'soutcome.

Stanfordneuroscientist（神经学家）andthestudy*sauthorBrianKnutsonsaid:"Ifweexamineoursubjects1

choicestowatchthevideooreventheirreportedresponsestothevideos,theydon'ttellusaboutthegeneralresponse

online...Onlybrainactivityseemstoforecastavideo'spopularityontheinternet.”

Headded,"Futureresearchmightalsosystematicallyanalyzethevideocontent,socontentcreatorscanuse

thesefindingstomaketheirvideosmorepopular.^^

Inthefuture,theteamaimstousethistypeofFMRIexperimenttounderstand"whetherprocessesthatgenerate

individualchoicecantellussomethingaboutchoicesmadebylargegroupsofpeople”,AccordingtoKnutson,this

couldapplytoshoppingtrends,charitysupportandgeneralmoney-spending.

8.WhatdidscientistsfromStanfordUniversityfind?

A.Therearedifferencesbetweenviralvideosindifferentcultures.

B.People'sreportedresponsecanpredictthepopularityofavideo.

C.Therearelinksbetweenviralvideosunderdifferentsubjects.

D.Viewers*initialbrainactivitycanforecastthepopularityofavideo.

9.Whatwasthebrain'sresponsewhenviewerswatchedthemostpopularvideo?

A.Allfourareasmonitoreddisplayedincreasedactivity.

B.Oneareagotmoreactivewhileanotherbecamelessactive.

C.Areasrelatedtothefeelingofuncertaintygotmoreactive.

D.Theactivityofareasrelatedtothefeelingofexpectationincreased.

10.WhatcanweconcludefromBrianKnutson'swords?

A.Theparticipants*choicestowatchthevideoshelpthemmakethefinding.

B.Howlongthesubjectswatchedthevideosalsomatteredtotheirconclusion.

C.Ourbrainactivitycanshowsomethingweourselvesdon'trealize.

D.Whenthevideowasbeyondtheviewers'expectation,itisgenerallypopular.

11.Whatistheaimoftheteam'sfutureresearch?

A.Exploringthelinkbetweenindividualandgeneralchoices.

B.Interviewingcontentcreatorshowtheymakevideos.

C.Discouragingmorecharityorganizations.

D.Applyingtheirfindingstoarrestingcriminals.

【答案】

8.D9.BIO.Cll.A

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。研究表明：通过观察一个人大脑的某些区域在视频开始几秒钟内的反应，就可以预测视

频的受欢迎程度，这种方法叫做神经预测。

8.

细节理解题。由第三段aAccordingtoscientistsfromStanfordUniversity,US,thepopularityofavideocanbe

predictedbylookingathowcertainareasofaperson'sbrainreactwithinthefirstfewsecondsofavideo.Thismethod

hasbeencalledneuroforecasting（神经预测）（根据美国斯坦福大学的科学家们的研究，一段视频的受欢

迎程度可以通过观察一个人大脑的某些区域在视频的前几秒钟内的反应来预测。这种方法被称为神经预

测。）可知斯坦福大学的科学家发现观众最初的大脑活动可以预测视频的受欢迎程度。故选D项。

9.

细节理解题。由第六段"UsingtheFMRIresults,theStanfordteamconsistentlysawincreasedactivityinthe

nucleusaccumbens（伏核）anddecreasedactivityintheanteriorinsula（前脑岛）partsofthebrainwhilethe

participantswerewatchingthemostpopularofthe32-vidcoselection.（利用功能磁共振成像结果，斯坦福大

学的研究小组一致发现，当参与者观看32个视频选择中最受欢迎的部分时，大脑的伏核活动增加，前脑岛

活动减少。）可知当观众观看最受欢迎的视频时，大脑的伏核活动增加，前脑岛活动减少，说明大脑的一

个区域变得更活跃，而另一个区域变得不那么活跃。故选B项。

10.

推理判断题。由倒数第三段“Stanfordneuroscientist（神经学家）andthestudy'sauthorBrianKnutsonsaid:uIf

weexamineoursubjects*choicestowatchthevideooreventheirreportedresponsestothevideos,theydon'ttellus

aboutthegeneralresponseonline...Onlybrainactivityseemstoforecastavideo'spopularityontheinternet."“（斯

坦福大学神经学家和该研究的作者BrianKnutson说：“如果我们检查受试者观看视频的选择，甚至他们对

视频的反应，他们不会告诉我们网络上的普遍反应……似乎只有大脑活动才能预测视频在互联网上的受欢

应程度。”）可知问及受试者视频相关问题时，他们说不出网络上（对视频）的普遍反应，但大脑活动能

预测视频在互联网上的受欢应程度，可得出我们的大脑活动可以显示一些我们自己没有意识到的东西，所

以即使你说不出来，但大脑可以给出答案。故选C项。

11.

细节理解题。由最后一段"Inthefuture,theteamaimstousethistypeofFMRIexperimenttounderstand"whether

processesthatgenerateindividualchoicecantellussomethingaboutchoicesmadebylargegroupsofpeople”.

AccordingtoKnutson,thiscouldapplytoshoppingtrends,charitysupportandgeneralmoney-spending.（在未

来，研究小组的目标是利用这种功能磁共振成像实验来了解“产生个体选择的过程是否能告诉我们关于大

群体的选择"。据Knutson说，这可能适用于购物趋势、慈善支持和一般的金钱支出。）可知研究小组未来

研究的目标是用功能磁共振成像实验来了解“产生个体选择的过程是否能告诉我们关于大群体的选择”，

即探索个人选择和一般选择之间的联系。故选A项。

Passaged

（2021•黑龙江哈尔滨市•哈尔滨三中高三期末）AdoctornamedChepumovfromSiberiaconducteda

controversialcoronavirusimmunitytestaftersurvivingCOVID-19inMarch.The68-year-oldRussiandoctorspent

timewithcoronavirus-positivepatientswithoutwearingamasktoseeifhecouldgetasecondCOVID-19infection.

ThedoctorwasinfectedasecondtimeandexperiencedaworseCOVID-19casethanhehadpreviously.

Thisunusualcoronavirusimmunitytestcaneasilybefiledunderthe“onlyinRussia“sectionofCOVID-19

news.OnlyinRussiawasacoronavirusvaccineapprovedformassusebeforeanyscientificresearchwassharedwith

theworldandbeforethedrugclearedthePhase3trial.Thestorygetsevencrazier,consideringthedoctor'sage.At

68-years-old,AlexanderChepurnovhappenstobethekindofCOVID-19patientmostatriskofdevelopingasevere

case.

Evenso,Chepurnov^controversialexperimentisn'twithoutworth.It'scertainlythekindofexperimentthat

otherswouldn'tnecessarilyapproveof,especiallyinwesterncountries.Butifsthekindofexperimentthatcanyield

results—andChepurnovdidgethiswish.HewasreinfectedwithCOVID-19withinsixmonthsfromthefirstbout.

Chepumovandhisresearchteamstartedtomonitorhisantibodies.Hediscoveredthattheyvanishedafterthree

months.t4Theobservationshowedafairlyrapiddecrease,hetoldthepaper.t4Bytheendofthethirdmonthfromthe

startofthedisease,theyceasedtobedetermined.^^ThisfallsinlinewithotherstudiesaboutCOVID-19antibodylife.

Chepurnov'sstoryalsoseemstofallinlinewithotherstudiesthatsayimmunitycanlastforatleast5-7months.

Thestoryalsoprovesthatimmunitylastsevenaftertheantibodiesaregoneandsuggeststhatotherimmunesystem

componentsareindeedinvolvedinprovidingprolongedprotection.OtherstheorizedthatTcellswouldextend

immunitybeyondthelifeofthefirstbatchofantibodies.Chcpumov'sempiricalfindingsarealsoimportantfor

vaccineresearch.Ifimmunitylastslessthanayear,moreboostershots（力口强针剂）mightbeneededaftertheinitial

doses.

ButNewsweekpointsoutaproblemwiththeexperiment.BecausehisfirstcaseofCOVID-19hasn'tbeen

diagnosedviaaPCRtest.Also,Chepumov\experimenthasn'tbeenpublishedinascientificjournal,andit'sunclear

whatscientificrigorswereapplied.Still,ifhisfindingsareaccurate,Chepurnovisactuallyrighttowarnagainstusing

aherdimmunityapproachtobeatthepandemic.

12.WhyisChepurnovsexperimentconsideredcontroversial?

A.Itsnoteffective.B,Itstoodangerous.

C.ItsdisapprovedofbyRussia.D.ItsnotdiagnosedviaaPCRtest.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph3probablyreferto?

A.diseasesB.virusesC.antibodiesD.results

14.WhatisthefindingofChepurnovsexperiment?

A.COVID-19immunitylastspermanentlyinonesbody.

B.ThelongevityofCOVID-19antibodiesisabout3months.

C.OldpatientsaremostatriskofdevelopingasevereCOVID-19.

D.Vaccinationcanprotectonefrombeinginfectedwithcoronaviruses.

15.Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?

A.SiberiaisauniqueplacefortreatingCOVID-19patients.

B.NewsweekfoundtheevidenceagainstherdimmunitytoCOVID-19.

C.Researchesshowedhumansproduceantibodiesifinfectedwithcoronaviruses.

D.AcontroversialexperimentoncoronavirusimmunitywasconductedinRussia.

【答案】

12.B13.C14.B15.D

【分析】

这是一篇新闻报道。今年3月，西伯利亚的Chepurnov医生在新冠病毒感染中存活下来后，进行了一项有争

议的冠状病毒免疫测试。文章主要介绍了Chepurnov医生开展这项实验的经过，实验关于冠状病毒抗体的一

些发现以及这项实验的重要意义。

12.

推理判断题。根据第一段AdoctornamedChepurnovfromSiberiaconductedacontroversialcoronavirus

immunitytestaftersurvivingCOVID-19inMarch.The68-year-oldRussiandoctorspenttimewith

coronavirus-positivepatientswithoutwearingamasktoseeifhecouldgetasecondCOVID-19infection.Thedoctor

wasinfectedasecondtimeandexperiencedaworseCOVID-19casethanhehadpreviously.（今年3月，西伯利亚

的Chepurnov医生在新冠病毒感染中存活下来后，进行「一项有争议的冠状病毒免疫测试。这位68岁的俄

罗斯医生在不戴口罩的情况下与冠状病毒阳性患者相处，以观察他是否会再次感染COVID-19。这名医生第

二次感染了新冠肺炎，病情比之前更严重）”可知，Chepurnovs的实验有争议，是因为它太危险了。故选B。

13.

词义猜测题。根据画线词上文uChepurnovandhisresearchteamstartedtomonitorhisantibodies.Hediscovered

thattheyvanishedafterthreemonths.4*Theobservationshowedafairlyrapiddecrease,hetoldthepaper.**Bythe

endofthethirdmonthfromthestartofthedisease...（Chepumov和他的研究团队开始监测他的抗体。他发现三

个月后它们就消失了。”观察显示出抗体迅速下降，”他告诉该报。“在疾病开始后的第三个月末……）”

以及后文"ceasedtobedetermined"可知，三个月后抗体就消失了,所以在疾病开始后的第三个月末，不能

再检测到抗体了，即they指的是“抗体”。故选C。

14.

细节理解题。根据第三段中aChepumovandhisresearchteamstartedtomonitorhisantibodies.Hediscoveredthat

theyvanishedafterthreemonlhs.（Chepumov和他的研究团队开始监测他的抗体。他发现三个月后它们就消失

了）”以及“ThisfallsinlinewithotherstudiesaboutCOVID-19antibodylife.（这与其他关于COVID-19抗体寿

命的研究一致）”可知，Chepumovs的实验发现C0VID-19抗体的寿命约为3个月。故选B。

15.

主旨大意题。根据第一段中aAdoctornamedChepumovfromSiberiaconductedacontroversialcoronavirus

immunitytestaftersurvivingCOVID-19inMarch.（今年3月，西伯利亚的Chepumov医生在新冠病毒感染中存

活下来后，进行了一项有争议的冠状病毒免疫测试）”结合文章主要介绍了Chepumov医生开展这项实验的

经过，实验关于冠状病毒抗体的一些发现以及这项实验的重要意义。可知，这篇文章的中心思想是在俄罗

斯进行了一项有争议的冠状病毒免疫实验。故选D。

Passage5

（2021•广东广州市•高三月考）Putfive,eight,twelveormorepeopletogetherinaroom,andit'sagameof

luckastohowwellthey'llfunctionasateam.Thelargerthegroup,themoredifficultitbecomes.It*salotlike

diningoutwithabunchoffriends.Wheretogo?Italian?Vegetarian?Steakhouse?Eachpersonhastheirown

appetite,whichcanmakecreatinga"shared-interest“extremelychallenging.

Shared-interestisthelifebloodofteams,andonlythemostsuccessfulcompaniesknowhowtofosterit.But

how?

"ProjectAristotle”,anexperimentledbyAbeerDubey,amanagerinGoogle'sPeopleAnalyticsdivisionwas

conductedin2012todiscoverhowtobuildthe"perfectteam.^^Afteryearsofanalyzingdataandinterviewsfrom

morethan180teamsacrossthecompany,Googlefoundthattheindividualpersonalitiesinateamarenotso

relevant.

“Wehadlotsofdata,buttherewasnothingshowingthatamixofspecificpersonalitytypesorskillsor

backgroundsmadeanydifference.The'who'partoftheequationdidn'tseemtomatter,Dubeysaidinan

interviewwithTheNewYorkTimes.Instead,theresearchersfoundthattherewerefivekeycharacteristicsof

enhancedteams:

Psychologicalsafety:Everyonefeelssafeintakingrisks,andthattheywon'tbeembarrassedorpunishedfor

doingso.

Dependability:Everyonecompletesqualityworkonlime.

Structureandclarity'.Everyoneknowswhattheirspecificexpectationsare.Theseexpectationsmustbe

challengingyetattainable.

Meaning:Everyonehasasenseofpurposeintheirwork,forexample,supportingfamily.

Impact:Everyoneseesthattheresultoftheirworkactuallycontributestotheorganization'soverallgoals.

WhileGoogle'sfindingsmaybetruetosomeextent,alargenumberofscientificstudieshavecaused

researchersoutsideofGoogle'slabtoshockinglydisagree.ThomasChamorro-Premuzic,aprofessorofbusiness

psychologyatColumbiaUniversityandauthorofthebook“WhyDoSoManyIncompetentMenBecomeLeaders?”

andpsychologistDaveWinsboroughareamongthem.Theybothclaimthatpersonality,inparticular,heavily

affectstheroleofanindividualwithinateamandisindeedasignificantfactorinwhatmakesateamsuccessful.

Researchersfoundthatthepoorest-performingteamswere100percent“pragmatic”（讲求实效的）andhad0

percent'relationship-building'traits.uToooften,organizationsfocusmerelyonthefunctionalroleandhopethat

goodteamperformancesomehowfollows,Chamorro-PremuzicandWinsboroughco-wroteinaHarvardBusiness

Reviewarticle."Thisiswhyeventhemostexpensiveprofessionalsportsteamsoftenfailtoperfbnnaccordingto

theindividualtalentsofeachplayer:Thereisnopsychologicalsynergy（协作）.Amoreeffectiveapproachfocuses

asmuchonpeople'spersonalitiesasontheirskills.”

16.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleof“diningout”?

A.Toemphasizethechallengesofcreatingacommoninterest.

B.Tocaterforthedifferenttastesofpeoplefromallwalksoflife.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofdifferentindividualsinteams.

D.Togetmoredifferentpeopleinvolvedinbuildingateam.

17.WhatmightbetheleastdecidingfactorofaperfectteamaccordingtoGoogle'slab?

A.Dependability.B.Asenseofpurpose.

C.Psychologicalsafety.D.Individualpersonalities.

18.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whydothemostexpensiveprofessionalsportsteamsfailtoperform?

A.Becausetheycaremoreabouttheresult.B.Becausetheyarenottalentedenough.

C.Becausetheylackrelationshipbuilding.D.Becausetheyarevagueabouttheirroles.

19.Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?

A.Bymakingbasicassumptions.B.Bygivingalotofdetailedexamples.

C.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.D.Bypresentingcontradictoryfindings.

【答案】

16.A17.D18.C19.B

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章用很多具体实例说明了寻找到队员的共性，是团队成功的关键。

16.

推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thelargerthegroup,themoredifficultitbecomes.Ifsalotlikediningoutwitha

bunchoffriends.Wheretogo?Italian?Vegetarian?Steakhouse?Eachpersonhastheirownappetite,whichcanmake

creatingat4shared-interesf,extremelychallenging.可知，队伍中人数越多，就越难找到共性。就像是朋友出

去聚餐，众口难调，人越多越难确定大家都喜欢的食物。由此推知，此处举聚餐的例子来强调在团队中创

造共同利益的挑战性，故选A。

17.

细节理解题。根据第三段中“Googlefoundthattheindividualpersonalitiesinateamarenotsorelevant.”可知，

Google发现团队中的个人性格并不是那么重要，结合选项，故选D。

18.

细节理解题。根据第六段中aResearchersfoundthatthepoorest-performingteamswere100percent"pragmatic”

（讲求实效的）andhad0percent'relationship-building'traits."（研究发现表现最糟的团队，只讲求实效，一

点都不关注人际关系的创建。）和"Thisiswhyeventhemostexpensiveprofessionalsportsteamsoftenfailto

performaccordingtotheindividualtalentsofeachplayer:Thereisnopsychologicalsynergy（协作）.”（这就

是为什么甚至最昂贵的专业团队常常失败的原因：没有心理协同）可知，最昂贵的专业团队失败是因为，

组织者忽略了队员心理上的协作，不关注人际关系的建设。故选C。

19.

推理判断题。分析全文可知，作者列举了大量的实例来对文章主题进行说明，如第一段的多人共同就餐的

例子，第三段中的“ProjectAristotle亚里士多德项目”，和最后一段的只讲求实效不注重人际关系建设的团

队失败的例子。故选B。

Passage6

（2021•黑龙江哈师大附中高三期末）Duringthosebarrenwintermonths,withwindowsoverlooking

long-deadgardens,leaflesstrees,andlawnsthatseemtohaveanashylookaboutthem,nothingcalmstheuneasy

nervesmorethanthevibrantgreenofplantssurroundingthelivingspacesofone'shome.Peoplebrowsethrough

gardenstoresjusttogetasmellofchlorophyll（叶绿素）andtochooseaplantortwotobringspringback,intotheir

winter-graylives.

Nowthereisevenmoreofaneedforctthegreen,“inlightofrecentarticleswarningusofthedangersof

chemicalsthatwe,ourselves,introduceintoourhomes.Eachtimewebringclotheshomefromthecleaners,we

releasethosechemicalsintotheclosed-inairofourhomes.Everycleanserreleasesi