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试卷第=page22页,共=sectionpages22页资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】试卷第=page11页,共=sectionpages11页资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】中考数学几何专项练习:将军饮马一、一动点1.如图,正方形SKIPIF1<0的边长为8,M在SKIPIF1<0上,且SKIPIF1<0,N是SKIPIF1<0上的一动点,则SKIPIF1<0的最小值为.

【答案】10【分析】要求SKIPIF1<0的最小值,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不能直接求,可考虑通过作辅助线转化SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的值,确定最小值为SKIPIF1<0的长度,再由勾股定理计算即可.【详解】解:如图所示,∵正方形是轴对称图形,点B与点D是关于直线SKIPIF1<0为对称轴的对称点,∴连接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,则直线SKIPIF1<0即为SKIPIF1<0的垂直平分线,

∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于点P,∵点N为SKIPIF1<0上的动点,∴由三角形两边之和大于第三边,知当点N运动到点P时,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的最小值为SKIPIF1<0的长度.∵四边形SKIPIF1<0为正方形,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的最小值为10.故答案为:10【点睛】本考查正方形的性质和轴对称及勾股定理等知识的综合应用,解题的难点在于确定满足条件的点N的位置:利用轴对称的方法.然后熟练运用勾股定理.2.如图,菱形草地SKIPIF1<0中,沿对角线修建60米和80米两条道路SKIPIF1<0,M、N分别是草地边SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的中点,在线段BD上有一个流动饮水点SKIPIF1<0,若要使SKIPIF1<0的距离最短,则最短距离是米.【答案】50【分析】作SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,当SKIPIF1<0点与SKIPIF1<0重合时,SKIPIF1<0的值最小,根据菱形的性质和勾股定理求出SKIPIF1<0长,即可得出答案.【详解】解:作SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,当SKIPIF1<0点与SKIPIF1<0重合时,SKIPIF1<0的值最小,SKIPIF1<0四边形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0为SKIPIF1<0中点,SKIPIF1<0为SKIPIF1<0中点,SKIPIF1<0为SKIPIF1<0中点,四边形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0四边形SKIPIF1<0是平行四边形,SKIPIF1<0,设SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0的交点为点SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0四边形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0米,SKIPIF1<0米,SKIPIF1<0米,SKIPIF1<0的最小值是50米.故答案为:50.【点睛】本题考查了轴对称﹣最短路线问题,平行四边形的性质和判定,菱形的性质,勾股定理的应用,解此题的关键是能根据轴对称找出SKIPIF1<0的位置.3.如图,在等边SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.点SKIPIF1<0分别为SKIPIF1<0上的两个定点且SKIPIF1<0,点SKIPIF1<0为线段SKIPIF1<0上一动点,连接SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0的最小值为SKIPIF1<0.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】如图所示,作点SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,且点SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,则SKIPIF1<0,当SKIPIF1<0在同一条直线上时,有最小值,证明四边形SKIPIF1<0是平行四边形,SKIPIF1<0,由此即可求解.【详解】解:如图所示,作点SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0是等边三角形,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴点SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,∴SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0,当SKIPIF1<0在同一条直线上时,有最小值,∵点SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0是等边三角形,即SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,∴四边形SKIPIF1<0是平行四边形,∴SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,故答案为:SKIPIF1<0.【点睛】本题主要考查动点与等边三角形,对称—最短路径,平行四边形的判定和性质的综合,理解并掌握等边三角形得性质,对称—最短路径的计算方法,平行四边形的判定和性质是解题的关键.4.如图,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0垂直平分SKIPIF1<0,点P为直线SKIPIF1<0上任意一点,则SKIPIF1<0的最小值是.【答案】4【分析】由线段垂直平分线的性质可得SKIPIF1<0,可得当点A,P,C在一条直线上时,SKIPIF1<0有最小值,最小值为SKIPIF1<0的长.【详解】解:连接SKIPIF1<0.∵SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的垂直平分线,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴当点A,P,C在一条直线上时,SKIPIF1<0有最小值,最小值为SKIPIF1<0.故答案为:4.【点睛】本题考查了线段垂直平分线的性质,明确线段垂直平分线上的点到线段两端点的距离相等是解题的关键.5.如图,在周长为SKIPIF1<0的菱形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0为对角线SKIPIF1<0上一动点,则SKIPIF1<0的最小值为.【答案】3【分析】作SKIPIF1<0点关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0,由两点之间线段最短可知当SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0在一条直线上时,SKIPIF1<0有最小值,然后求得SKIPIF1<0的长度即可.【详解】解:作SKIPIF1<0点关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0.由两点之间线段最短可知:当SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0在一条直线上时,SKIPIF1<0的值最小,此时SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0四边形SKIPIF1<0为菱形,周长为SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0四边形SKIPIF1<0是平行四边形,SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0的最小值为SKIPIF1<0.故答案为:SKIPIF1<0.【点睛】本题主要考查的是菱形的性质、轴对称--路径最短问题,明确当SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0在一条直线上时SKIPIF1<0有最小值是解题的关键.6.如图,直线SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0轴,SKIPIF1<0轴分别交于SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,点SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分别为线段SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的中点,SKIPIF1<0为SKIPIF1<0上一动点,当SKIPIF1<0的值最小时,点SKIPIF1<0的坐标为.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】直线SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0轴,SKIPIF1<0轴分别交于SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,可求出点SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的坐标,点SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分别为线段SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的中点,可求出点SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的坐标,作点SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0轴的对称点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0轴的交点就是所求点SKIPIF1<0的坐标.【详解】解:直线SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0轴,SKIPIF1<0轴分别交于SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,∴当SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;当SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∵点SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分别为线段SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的中点,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,如图所示,过点SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0轴的对称点SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴直线SKIPIF1<0的解析式为:SKIPIF1<0,当SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故答案为:SKIPIF1<0.【点睛】本题主要考查一次函数与最短线段的综合,掌握对称中最短线段的解题方法是解题的关键.7.如图,等边SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,点E为高SKIPIF1<0上的一动点,以SKIPIF1<0为边作等边SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的最小值为.【答案】SKIPIF1<0/30度SKIPIF1<0【分析】①SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0为等边三角形,得到SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,从而证SKIPIF1<0,最后得到答案.②过点D作定直线CF的对称点G,连CG,证出SKIPIF1<0为等边三角形,SKIPIF1<0为SKIPIF1<0的中垂线,得到SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,再证SKIPIF1<0为直角三角形,利用勾股定理求出SKIPIF1<0,即可得到答案.【详解】解:①∵SKIPIF1<0为等边三角形,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0是等边三角形,∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0中SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0;故答案为:SKIPIF1<0.②(将军饮马问题)过点D作定直线CF的对称点G,连CG,∴SKIPIF1<0为等边三角形,SKIPIF1<0为SKIPIF1<0的中垂线,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0为直角三角形,∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0的最小值为SKIPIF1<0.故答案为:SKIPIF1<0.【点睛】此题考查了等边三角形的性质,全等三角形的判定及性质,将军饮马,线段垂直平分线的判定及性质,勾股定理等内容,熟练运用将军饮马是解题的关键,具有较强的综合性.8.如果菱形有一条对角线等于它的边长,那么称此菱形为“完美菱形”.如图,已知“完美菱形”SKIPIF1<0的边长为4,SKIPIF1<0是它的较短对角线,点E,F分别是边SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上的两个动点,且SKIPIF1<0,点G为SKIPIF1<0的中点,点P为SKIPIF1<0边上的动点,则SKIPIF1<0的最小值为.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】连接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,易知SKIPIF1<0,因为SKIPIF1<0,所以求SKIPIF1<0的最小值只要求出SKIPIF1<0的最小值,然后减去1即可,再利用将军饮马模型构造出SKIPIF1<0的最小值时的线段,利用勾股定理求出即可.【详解】解:设SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0的交点为O,连接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∵四边形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0的最小值为SKIPIF1<0,作点O关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,延长SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于点H,连接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0的最小值为SKIPIF1<0,∵四边形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵四边形SKIPIF1<0是“完美菱形”SKIPIF1<0的边长为4,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0由对称性和菱形的性质,知SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0的最小值为SKIPIF1<0,故答案为:SKIPIF1<0.【点睛】本题考查了菱形的性质,轴对称性质,勾股定理,掌握等边三角形的判定和性质是解题关键.9.如图,等边SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,O是SKIPIF1<0上一点,且SKIPIF1<0,点M为SKIPIF1<0边上一动点,连接SKIPIF1<0,将线段SKIPIF1<0绕点O按逆时针方向旋转SKIPIF1<0至SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0周长的最小值为.

【答案】SKIPIF1<0/SKIPIF1<0【分析】过点N作SKIPIF1<0于点D,过点O作SKIPIF1<0于点H,则SKIPIF1<0,证明SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,从而得到点N的运动轨迹是直线,且该直线与直线SKIPIF1<0平行,在SKIPIF1<0的左侧,与SKIPIF1<0的距离是SKIPIF1<0,作点C关于该直线的对称点E,连接SKIPIF1<0交该直线于N,即当点B,N,E三点共线时,SKIPIF1<0的周长最小,连接SKIPIF1<0交该直线于G,则SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求出SKIPIF1<0,即可求解.【详解】解:如图,过点N作SKIPIF1<0于点D,过点O作SKIPIF1<0于点H,则SKIPIF1<0,

∵SKIPIF1<0为等边三角形,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,根据题意得:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴点N的运动轨迹是直线,且该直线与直线SKIPIF1<0平行,在SKIPIF1<0的左侧,与SKIPIF1<0的距离是SKIPIF1<0,作点C关于该直线的对称点E,连接SKIPIF1<0交该直线于N,即当点B,N,E三点共线时,SKIPIF1<0的周长最小,连接SKIPIF1<0交该直线于G,则SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴△ACN的周长的最小值为SKIPIF1<0,故答案为:SKIPIF1<0.【点睛】本题考查旋转变换,全等三角形的判定和性质,轴对称,勾股定理等知识,解题的关键是学会添加常用辅助线,构造全等三角形解决问题,属于中考填空题中的压轴题.二、两动点10.如图,∠AOB=30°,点M、N分别在边OA、OB上,且OM=1,ON=3,点P、Q分别在边OB、OA上,则MP+PQ+QN的最小值是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【详解】解:作M关于OB的对称点M',N关于OA的对称点N',连接两对称点M'N',交OB、OA于P、Q.此时MP+PQ+QN有最小值,根据线段垂直平分线性质和两点之间线段最短,MP+PQ+QN=M'P+PQ+QN'=M'N',M'N'的长度就是所求的MP+PQ+QN的最小值.分别连接OM',ON',∠N'OA=∠AOB=30°,∠M'OB=∠AOB=30°,所以∠M'ON'=90º,所以三角形M'ON'是直角三角形,OM'=OM=1,ON'=ON=3,由勾股定理得M'N'为SKIPIF1<0.所以MP+PQ+QN的最小值是SKIPIF1<0.故答案是:SKIPIF1<0.11.如图,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0内一定点,点SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分别在边SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上运动,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0的周长的最小值为.【答案】3【分析】如图,作P关于OA,OB的对称点C,D.连接OC,OD.则当M,N是CD与OA,OB的交点时,△PMN的周长最短,最短的值是CD的长.根据对称的性质可以证得:△COD是等边三角形,据此即可求解.【详解】如图,作P关于OA,OB的对称点C,D.连接OC,OD.则当M,N是CD与OA,OB的交点时,△PMN的周长最短,最短的值是CD的长.∵点P关于OA的对称点为C,∴PM=CM,OP=OC,∠COA=∠POA;∵点P关于OB的对称点为D,∴PN=DN,OP=OD,∠DOB=∠POB,∴OC=OD=OP=3,∠COD=∠COA+∠POA+∠POB+∠DOB=2∠POA+2∠POB=2∠AOB=60°,∴△COD是等边三角形,∴CD=OC=OD=3.∴△PMN的周长的最小值=PM+MN+PN=CM+MN+DN≥CD=3.【点睛】此题主要考查轴对称--最短路线问题,综合运用了等边三角形的知识.正确作出图形,理解△PMN周长最小的条件是解题的关键.12.如图,∠AOB=45°,角内有一点P,PO=10,在角两边上有两点Q、R(均不同于点O),则△PQR的周长最小值是;当△PQR周长最小时,∠QPR的度数=.【答案】10SKIPIF1<090°【详解】思路引领:根据轴对称图形的性质,作出P关于OA、OB的对称点M、N,连接AB,根据两点之间线段最短得到最小值线段,再构造直角三角形,利用勾股定理求出MN的值即可.根据对称的性质求得∠OMN+∠ONM=∠OPQ+∠OPR,即可求得∠QPR的度数.答案详解:分别作P关于OA、OB的对称点M、N.连接MN交OA、OB交于Q、R,则△PQR符合条件.连接OM、ON,则OM=ON=OP=10,∠MON=∠MOP+∠NOP=2∠AOB=2×45°=90°,故△MON为等腰直角三角形.∴MNSKIPIF1<010SKIPIF1<0.根据对称的性质得到∠OMN=∠OPQ,∠ONM=∠OPR,∴∠OMN+∠ONM=∠OPQ+∠OPR,∵△MON为等腰直角三角形,∴∠OMN+∠ONM=90°,∴∠OPQ+∠OPR=90°,即∠QPR=90°.故答案为10SKIPIF1<0,90°.13.如图,点P是SKIPIF1<0内任意一点,SKIPIF1<0,点M和点N分别是射线SKIPIF1<0和射线SKIPIF1<0上的动点,SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0周长的最小值是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】分别作点P关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点C、D,连接SKIPIF1<0,分别交SKIPIF1<0于点M、N,连接SKIPIF1<0,当点M、N在SKIPIF1<0上时,SKIPIF1<0的周长最小.【详解】解:分别作点P关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点C、D,连接SKIPIF1<0,分别交SKIPIF1<0于点M、N,连接SKIPIF1<0.∵点P关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点为C,关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点为D,∴SKIPIF1<0;∵点P关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点为D,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0是等边三角形,∴SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0的周长的最小值SKIPIF1<0.故答案为:SKIPIF1<0.【点睛】本题主要考查最短路径问题和等边三角形的判定.作点P关于OA、OB的对称点C、D是解题的关键所在.14.如图,正方形SKIPIF1<0中,点SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0边上一定点,点SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分别是边SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0上的动点,若SKIPIF1<0,则四边形SKIPIF1<0的周长最小时SKIPIF1<0.

【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】如图,作点G关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,作点SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,作点SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0,交SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,交SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,四边形SKIPIF1<0的周长最小,求出此时SKIPIF1<0即可.【详解】解:如图,作点G关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,作点SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,作点SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0,交SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,交SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,四边形SKIPIF1<0的周长最小,

由对称的性质知,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,当SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0三点共线时SKIPIF1<0值最小;同理可得:SKIPIF1<0,当SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0四点点共线时SKIPIF1<0值最小;∵SKIPIF1<0,正方形SKIPIF1<0是正方形;∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0由对称的性质知,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0是等腰直角三角形,∴SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0故答案为:SKIPIF1<0.【点睛】本题考查了轴对称的性质,正方形性质,等腰直角三角形的判定和性质,勾股定理等知识,利用作轴对称图形解决最值问题是解题关键.15.如图,在边长为8的正方形SKIPIF1<0中,点G是SKIPIF1<0边的中点,E、F分别是SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0边上的点,则四边形SKIPIF1<0周长的最小值为.【答案】24【分析】作点G关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,作点B关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,根据对称的性质可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,再由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可得当SKIPIF1<0时,四边形SKIPIF1<0的周长有最小值,最小值为SKIPIF1<0,再利用勾股定理求得SKIPIF1<0,最后利用SKIPIF1<0即可求解.【详解】解:如图,作点G关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,作点B关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,

∴当SKIPIF1<0时,四边形SKIPIF1<0的周长有最小值,最小值为SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴四边形SKIPIF1<0的周长的最小值为24,故答案为:24.【点睛】本题考查了正方形的性质、轴对称的性质、勾股定理,三角形的三边关系,熟练掌握轴对称的性质,构造三角形是解题的关键.三、平移变换16.如图,在等腰直角SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,点D,E分别为SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上的动点,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,当SKIPIF1<0的值最小时,SKIPIF1<0的长为.

【答案】SKIPIF1<0/SKIPIF1<0【分析】过点C作SKIPIF1<0,设SKIPIF1<0,利用勾股定理求得SKIPIF1<0,再根据等腰直角三角形的性质可得SKIPIF1<0,从而可得SKIPIF1<0,即欲求SKIPIF1<0的最小值,相当于在x轴上寻找一点SKIPIF1<0,到点SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的距离和的最小值,利用待定系数法求直线SKIPIF1<0的解析式,从而求得SKIPIF1<0,即可求解.【详解】解:过点C作SKIPIF1<0,设SKIPIF1<0,如图所示,

∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,又∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,欲求SKIPIF1<0的最小值,相当于在x轴上寻找一点SKIPIF1<0,到点SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的距离和的最小值,如图,作点F关于x轴的对称点SKIPIF1<0,当E、P、SKIPIF1<0共线时,SKIPIF1<0的值最小,此时,设直线SKIPIF1<0的解析式为:SKIPIF1<0,得,SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0,∴直线SKIPIF1<0的解析式为SKIPIF1<0,当SKIPIF1<0时,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0的值最小,SKIPIF1<0的值为:SKIPIF1<0,

故答案为:SKIPIF1<0.【点睛】本题考查等腰三角形的与性质、两点间的距离公式、用待定系数法求一次函数解析式、线段和的最值及勾股定理,熟练掌握相关知识是解题的关键.17.如图,四边形SKIPIF1<0是平行四边形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,点SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0边上的动点,且SKIPIF1<0,则四边形SKIPIF1<0周长的最小值为.

【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】根据题意,将点SKIPIF1<0沿SKIPIF1<0向右平移2个单位长度得到点SKIPIF1<0,作点SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,交SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0上截取SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,此时四边形SKIPIF1<0的周长为SKIPIF1<0,则当点SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0三点共线时,四边形SKIPIF1<0的周长最小,进而计算即可得解.【详解】如下图,将点SKIPIF1<0沿SKIPIF1<0向右平移2个单位长度得到点SKIPIF1<0,作点SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0的对称点SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,交SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0上截取SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,此时四边形SKIPIF1<0的周长为SKIPIF1<0,当点SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0三点共线时,四边形SKIPIF1<0的周长最小,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0经过点SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,四边形SKIPIF1<0周长的最小值为SKIPIF1<0,故答案为:SKIPIF1<0.

【点睛】本题主要考查了四边形周长的最小值问题,涉及到含SKIPIF1<0的直角三角形的性质,勾股定理等,熟练掌握相关轴对称作图方法以及线段长的求解方法是解决本题的关键.18.如图,O为矩形ABCD对角线AC,BD的交点,AB=8,M,N是直线BC上的动点,且MN=2,则OM+ON的最小值是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】根据题意,过O作OH∥BC,且令OH=2,连接NH,作O点关于BC的对称点K,连接OK,KH,则OM+ON=NH+ON=NH+NK≥HK,当H、N、K三点共线的时候,OM+ON有最小值,最小值为HK的长.根据矩形性质及图形的对称性,易知SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,运用勾股定理求得HK的长即可.【详解】解:过O作OH∥BC,且令OH=2,连接NH,作O点关于BC的对称点K,连接OK,KH,∵OH∥BC,OH=MN=2,∴四边形OMNH是平行四边形,∴OM=NH,∴OM+ON=NH+ON.∵O点关于BC的对称点是点K,∴ON=NK,∴OM+ON=NH+ON=NH+NK,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴当H、N、K三点共线的时候,OM+ON有最小值,最小值为HK的长.∵OH∥BC,O点关于BC的对称点是点K,∴SKIPIF1<0.

∵O为矩形ABCD对角线AC,BD的交点,O点关于BC的对称点是点K,∴OK=AB=8.∵OH=2,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴OM+ON的最小值是SKIPIF1<0.【点睛】本题考查了最短路径问题,矩形性质,勾股定理求直角三角形的边长,其中熟练画出OM+ON取最小值时所对应的线段,是解题的关键.19.如图,在边长为2的正方形ABCD中,点E,F分别是边BC,AD上的点,连接EF,将四边形ABEF沿EF折叠,点B的对应点G恰好落在CD边上,点A的对应点为H,连接BH.则SKIPIF1<0的最小值是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】过点A作AI∥EF交BC于点I,连接BG,构造Rt△ABI≌Rt△BCG,再延长BC至K,使CK=BC,连接GK,AG,AK,构造△ABG≌△HGB,由全等三角形的性质,将SKIPIF1<0转化为AG+GK,求出AG+GK的最小值.【详解】解:如图,过点A作AI∥EF交BC于点I,连接BG,由折叠可知BE=EG,∠BEF=∠GEF,∴EF⊥BG,∵AI∥EF,∴∠BAI+∠ABG=90°,∵∠CBG+∠ABG=90°,∴∠ABI=∠CBG,由正方形ABCD可得AB=BC,∠BAI=∠BCG=90°,∴Rt△ABI≌Rt△BCG,∴AI=BG,又∵AI∥EF,AF∥EI,∴四边形AIEF是平行四边形,∴EF=AI=BG,延长BC至K,使CK=BC,连接GK,AG,AK,∵∠DCB=90°,∴DC⊥BK,∴DC垂直平分BK,∴BG=KG,由翻折可知,AB=HG,∠ABG=∠HGB,∴△ABG≌△HGB,∴AG=BH,∴BH+EF=AG+KGSKIPIF1<0AK,∴当A,G,K共线时,BH+EF最小,最小值等于AK,∵AB=2,BK=2BC=4,∠ABK=90°,∴SKIPIF1<0,故答案为:SKIPIF1<0.【点睛】本题重点考查正方形的性质、全等三角形的判定与性质、轴对称的性质、勾股定理等,解题关键是作辅助线构造全等三角形和直角三角形.20.将两个全等的等腰直角三角形纸片的斜边重合,按如图位置放置,其中∠A=∠BCD=90°,AB=AD=CB=CD=2,将△ABD沿射线BD平移,得到△EGF,连接EC,GC.则EC+GC的最小值为.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】连接DE,直线AE,作点C关于直线AE的对称点H,连接DH,先证明四边形EGCD是平行四边形,推出DE=CG,推出EC+GC=EC+ED=HE+ED≥DH,再证明四边形ABCD为正方形,从而H、A、C三点共线,再用勾股定理求出HD即可.【详解】解:如图,连接DE,直线AE,作点C关于直线AE的对称点H,连接DH,∵将△ABD沿射线BD平移,得到△EGF,∴GE=CD且GE∥CD,∴四边形GEDC为平行四边形,∴ED=CG,∴EC+GC=EC+ED=HE+ED≥DH,∵CH⊥AE,AE∥BD,∴CH⊥BD,∵∠BAD=∠BCD=90°,AB=AD=CB=CD=2,∴四边形ABCD为正方形,∴AC⊥BD,∴H、A、C三点共线,记HC与BD相交于M,∴MD=SKIPIF1<0BD,HM=3AM=3MD,∵BD=SKIPIF1<0,∴HD=SKIPIF1<0,∴EC+GC的最小值为SKIPIF1<0,故答案为:SKIPIF1<0.【点睛】本题主要考查轴对称-最短路径问题,平行四边形的判定和性质,正方形的判定与性质,勾股定理.解题的关键是连接DE,证明四边形EGCD是平行四边形,将EC+GC转化成HE+ED.21.如图,在矩形ABCD中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,点P在边AD上,点Q在边BC上,且SKIPIF1<0,连接CP,QD,则SKIPIF1<0的最小值为.【答案】13【分析】连接BP,在BA的延长线上截取AE=AB=6,连接PE,CE,PC+QD=PC+PB,则PC+QD的最小值转化为PC+PB的最小值,在BA的延长线上截取AE=AB=6,则PC+QD=PC+PB=PC+PE≥CE,根据勾股定理可得结果.【详解】解:如图,连接BP,在矩形ABCD中,ADSKIPIF1<0BC,AD=BC,∵AP=CQ,∴AD-AP=BC-CQ,∴DP=QB,DPSKIPIF1<0BQ,∴四边形DPBQ是平行四边形,∴PBSKIPIF1<0DQ,PB=DQ,则PC+QD=PC+PB,则PC+QD的最小值转化为PC+PB的最小值,在BA的延长线上截取AE=AB=6,连接PE,∵PA⊥BE,∴PA是BE的垂直平分线,∴PB=PE,∴PC+PB=PC+PE,连接CE,则PC+QD=PC+PB=PC+PE≥CE,∵BE=2AB=12,BC=AD=5,∴CE=SKIPIF1<0=13.∴PC+PB的最小值为13.故答案为:13.【点睛】本题考查的是最短线路问题,矩形的性质,全等三角形的判定与性质,熟知两点之间线段最短的知识是解答此题的关键.22.如图,平面直角坐标系SKIPIF1<0中,点SKIPIF1<0是直线SKIPIF1<0上一动点,将点SKIPIF1<0向右平移1个单位得到点SKIPIF1<0,点SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0的最小值为.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】设D(-1,0),作D点关于直线SKIPIF1<0的对称点E,连接OE,交直线于A,连接AD,ED,作ES⊥x轴于S,根据题意OE就是OB+CB的最小值,由直线的解析式求得F的坐标,进而求得ED的长,从而求得OS和ES,然后根据勾股定理即可求得OE.【详解】解:设D(-1,0),作D点关于直线SKIPIF1<0的对称点E,连接OE,交直线于A,连接AD,ED,作ES⊥x轴于S,∵AB∥DC,且AB=OD=OC=1,∴四边形ABOD和四边形ABCO是平行四边形,∴AD=OB,OA=BC,∴AD+OA=OB+BC,∵AE=AD,∴AE+OA=OB+BC,即OE=OB+BC,∴OB+CB的最小值为OE,由SKIPIF1<0可知∠AFO=30°,F(-4,0),∴FD=3,∠FDG=60°,∴DG=SKIPIF1<0DF=SKIPIF1<0,∴DE=2DG=3,∴ES=SKIPIF1<0DE=SKIPIF1<0,DS=SKIPIF1<0DE=SKIPIF1<0,∴OS=SKIPIF1<0,∴OE=SKIPIF1<0,∴OB+CB的最小值为SKIPIF1<0.【点睛】本题考查了一次函数的性质,轴对称-最短路线问题以及平行四边形的性质、勾股定理的应用,证得OE是OB+CB的最小值是本题的关键.23.如图,点D,E是SKIPIF1<0ABC内的两点,且DESKIPIF1<0AB,连结AD,BE,CE.若AB=9SKIPIF1<0,DE=2SKIPIF1<0,BC=10,∠ABC=75°,则AD+BE+CE的最小值为.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】过SKIPIF1<0点作SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,将SKIPIF1<0绕点SKIPIF1<0逆时针旋转SKIPIF1<0,得到△SKIPIF1<0,过SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0延长线于SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0都是等边三角形,可判断四边形SKIPIF1<0是平行四边形,由已知分别可求SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0,当SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0共线时,SKIPIF1<0有最小值为SKIPIF1<0的长,再由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0△SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0的最小值为SKIPIF1<0.【详解】解:过SKIPIF1<0点作SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,将SKIPIF1<0绕点SKIPIF1<0逆时针旋转SKIPIF1<0,得到△SKIPIF1<0,过SKIPIF1<0

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