高中人教版英语必修四练习Unit5LearningaboutLanguage

Unit5ThemeparksLearningaboutLanguage语法精讲·探究学习构词法观察上面的对话,并填空:上面对话中的单词headmaster是将两个单词合并在一起,形成一个新的单词。这种构词法被称为合成法。英语的构词法主要有三种:合成法、转化法和派生法。一、合成法合成词是由两个或更多的词合成的词。最常见的合成词为合成名词、合成形容词,还有合成副词、合成动词、合成代词等。合成词一般直接连写在一起,也有的合成词之间用连字符“”,还有的由分开的两个词构成。1.合成名词构词方式例词名词+名词headmaster校长名词+动名词shipbuilding造船(业)名词+动词+er(or)painkiller止痛药形容词+名词highway公路动词+副词gettogether聚会,联欢会副词+动词output产量;upkeep保养,维修介词(副词)+名词upland高地,山地分词+副词grownup成年人名词+介词lookeron旁观者动词+介词gobetween中间人,媒人名词+介词+名词soninlaw女婿合成名词变复数的注意事项(1)由“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时,把前面的名词变复数。*fatherinlaw→fathersinlaw(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时,两个名词都要变成复数。*awomanteacher→womenteachers*amandoctor→mendoctors(3)由“名词+名词”构成的复合名词,在变复数时,只变中心名词,修饰名词不变。*agirlfriend→girlfriends2.合成形容词构词方式例词形容词+名词+edwarmhearted热心肠的coldblooded冷血的形容词+现在分词goodlooking好看的easygoing容易相处的形容词+过去分词newborn新生的readymade现成的副词+现在分词hardworking勤劳的名词+现在分词Englishspeaking说英语的peaceloving爱好和平的副词+过去分词wellknown闻名的名词+过去分词manmade人造的heartfelt由衷的数词+名词+形容词twelveyearold十二岁的fivemeterlong五米长的3.合成副词构词方式例词介词+名词underfoot在脚下beforehand事先副词+名词upstairs在楼上;downstairs在楼下副词+副词however无论如何,然而,可是代词+副词anywhere任何地方somehow不知怎么地形容词+副词nowhere没有地方代词+名词someday(今后)有一天someway以某种方式副词+介词nearby附近4.合成动词构词方式例词副词+动词overthrow推翻;overe克服名词+动词typewrite打字;sleepwalk梦游形容词+动词broadcast广播;whitewash粉刷5.合成代词构词方式例词代词宾格+selfitself它自身物主代词+selfmyself我自己形容词+名词anything任何东西something某物,某事6.合成介词构词方式例词副词+名词inside在……里面介词+副词within在……之内;without没有副词+介词into进入(1)写出黑体单词的词性和词义。①Aftersunsetthesceneofthechildrenplayinginthegardendisappeared. (n.日落)②Iwanttoexpressourheartfeltcongratulationstoyouonyourseventeenthbirthday. (adj.衷心的)③Weranhotfoottofindoutthenews. (adv.匆忙地)④Weovereoneproblemafteranother. (vt.克服(2)将下列句中的合成名词变为复数形式。①Ihadneverbeenmorejoyfulformydaughterinlaw. (daughtersinlaw)②Thenewsemester,atallmanteacherbecamethenewteacher. (menteachers)③HeisanEnglishman,asIknowfromhisaccent. (Englishmen)二、转化法一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。转化词例词动词→名词walkv.行走→walkn.散步swimv.游泳→swimn.游泳名词↓动词表示物体的bookn.书→bookv.预订shipn.船→shipv.用船运输表示人体部位的handn.手→handv.递交headn.头→headv.朝……方向表示一类人的nursen.护士→nursev.护理fooln.傻子→foolv.愚弄表示自然现象的rainn.雨→rainv.下雨snown.雪→snowv.下雪形容词→动词dryadj.干的→dryv.使变干cleanadj.干净的→cleanv.把……擦干净副词→动词outadv.出来→outv.揭露形容词→名词whiteadj.白色的→whiten.白人nativeadj.本地的→nativen.本地人特殊转化mustmodalv.必须→mustn.必须做的事写出下列句中加黑单词的词性和词义。(1)Heisamanwithapowerfulbuild. (n.体格)(2)Today,freshfruitfromthesetreesisshippedfromonecountrytoanother. (vt.用船运输)(3)Thetrainsloweddown. (vi.减缓)(4)They’rerunninginthefinal.(n.决赛)(5)Youshouldbedressedinblack. (vt.穿衣)三、派生法即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或截然相反的单词。除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意思,不改变词性;后缀一般改变单词的词性,并不引起词义的变化。1.前缀构词法前缀含义例词dis不dissatisfy使不满意;dishonest不诚实的un不unable不能够;unlucky不幸的做相反动作undress脱衣服;unload卸货inimiril-不,非inactive不活跃的;incorrect不正确的;impolite没有礼貌的;impossible不可能的;irregular不规则的;illogical不合逻辑的non不,非nonexistent不存在的;nonstop不停的mis错误的;坏的misunderstand误解;misfortune厄运re重复,再rewrite重写;remarry再婚;retell复述en使enable使能够;enrich使丰富super在上面;超级superstar巨星;supermodel超级模特;supermarket超市under在……之下underground地下的;underestimate低估inter相互;之间international国际的;interact相互作用pre预先,在……之前predict预告;preview预习2.后缀构词法后缀含义例词ence/ance构成抽象名词evidence证据;importance重要性;significance重要性;dependence依靠cion/sion/tion/ation动作;状态suspicion怀疑;explosion爆炸;repetition重复;organization组织er/or人或物cooker炊具;writer作家;operator操作员;actor男演员;tractor拖拉机ism主义;……教socialism社会主义;capitalism资本主义ist……主义者;……家scientist科学家;dentist牙医ment行为,结果,状态,性质movement运动;achievement成就;government政府;equipment设备;development发展ship关系,身份seamanship航海术;friendship友谊;citizenship公民身份hood身份,性质,时代adulthood成年;childhood童年;neighbourhood某街区的居民ty状态,性质honesty诚实;difficulty困难;anxiety焦虑ure结果,行为,状态,实物pleasure高兴;picture图画;pressure压力al动作过程,结果approval同意;arrival到达,到达者形容词后缀able/ibleenjoyable愉快的;horrible可怕的ishfoolish愚蠢的;childish孩子气的fulhopeful有希望的;careful仔细的lesshopeless无希望的;useless无用的lyfriendly友好的;motherly母亲般的yrainy下雨的;dusty布满灰尘的antimportant重要的;pleasant愉快的edexcited感到兴奋的;tired疲劳的inginteresting令人感兴趣的副词后缀lyhappily快乐地;bravely勇敢地ward/wardsnorthward朝北;forwards向前动词ing形式作状语时,相当于与之对应的状语从句,现在分词的逻辑主语一定和句子的主语保持一致。(1)(2020·浙江高考)ElliandIfearedthefencewouldn’tlastthrough30moreminutesofthebear’spunishment(punish).(2)(2020·浙江高考)Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpression(impress)growingoutofthetheme.(3)(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Here’sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection(direct).(4)(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting(interest),relaxed(relax)andfortable(fort).

(5)(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thebeautiful(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpinkcoloredbudsmakefantasticdecorations.(6)Thesuccessful(success)fishermaninvitedtheofficertoacpanyhimandobserve.(7)Schooluniformsaretraditional(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolarestartingtogetridofthem.(8)It’snotreallysurprising(surprise)thatreadingbecamehervocation.(9)Itwasalittlefartohercaranditwasafoggy(fog)dayyesterdayinMissouri.(10)Theaimofeducationistoteachyoungpeopletothinkforthemselvesandnotfollowothersblindly(blind).(11)Thenaughtyboyenteredtheclassroomcautiously(caution),fearingthathisteacherwouldblamehim.(12)Whenthesalesgirlwalkedintotheshop,shesensedsomethingunusual(usual).Cansomeonehavegotin?(13)Whatyousaidsoundedreasonable(reason)butinfactitwasuntrue.(14)Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheirfreedom(free)bravely.课时检测·素养达标Ⅰ.根据构词法构成单词,并完成句子Model:part+time=parttimeAwaterbroadwarmdownunderBcastcoveredlineheartedload1.Themessagewasbroadcastallovertheworldviaradio.2.Aswecansee,theearthisahuge,watercoveredglobe.3.Idonotunderlinemyoptimism,butitjustisso.4.Heisawarmheartedman,sowealllikehim.5.UserscandownloadtheirmaterialtoadesktopPCbackintheoffice.Model:dis+appear→disappearAdisunimmisilBadvantagepoliteluckylegalunderstand6.AsmyselfIlikelivingincitythoughIknowthedisadvantageoflivingincity.7.Youcertainlywereunluckytogetthathorribleillness.8.Itwasimpolitethatyoutalkedsoloudintherestaurant.9.Theyhavesimplymisunderstoodwhatrockandrollis.10.Hehasbeenchargedwithmembershipofanillegalorganization.Ⅱ.猜测下面黑体单词的词义1.IalwaysshoponSaturdays. (购物)2.Canyougivememorebackgroundonthepany? (背景)3.Lilywantedtotakeacareerbreakinordertohavechildren. (休息)4.Pleaseinformusofyourarrivaltimebeforehand. (事先,提前)5.Itseemsreasonabletoexpectrapidurbangrowth. (合乎情理的)6.Iamveryunfortablelyingonthishard,coldfloor. (不舒服的)7.Thecollegehasannounceditsintentiontoenlargeitsstadium. (扩建)8.Peopleoftenhaveincorrectinformationaboutfood. (不正确的)9.HeworksinhisgreenhouseonSundays. (温室)10.Beanonsmokerandavoidsecondhandsmoke. (不吸烟者)语法填空Withthedevelopment(develop)ofglobalization,thepopularity(popular)oftheInternet,theincreaseofinternationalmunication(municate),moreandmorewordscameintotheEnglishlanguage.Somelinguistsmadeaprediction(prediction):inthenearfuture,Englishvocabularywillbemorethanonemillion.Iflearners(learn)wanttoreadEnglishworksandnewspapersfluently(fluent),hemustgraspatleast10,000Englishwords.Sowhatmethodcanscientifically(scientific)andeffectively(effective)toremembernewEnglishwords?ItisnecessarytohavealargevocabularyifyouwanttolearnEnglishwell.Andyoumustconcernwordformationlaw,foundthewordspronunciation(pronounce)andspelling(spell)characteristics,andtheconnection(connect)betweenthesoundandshape.Understandtheknowledgeofwordformationcanhelpusmemorize(memory)newwordsefficiently,whichhasformedaconsensus(共识).课时素养评价十四Unit5LearningaboutLanguageⅠ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability(ability).2.Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbeepainful(pain).3.Theyfailedtoreachasettlement(settle),becausetheydisagreed(agree)toomuchwitheachother.4.Icouldn’tagreemore.Itismeaningful(mean).Notonlycanitbroaden(broad)ourmulticultural(cultural)knowledgeandenrich(rich)ourlives,itcanalsoenable(able)ustodevelopunlimited(limited)loveandfriendship(friend)withothersfromvarioussocialbackgrounds.

5.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Allriders(ride)areequippedwithreflective(reflect)vestsandsafety(safe)lights.6.Nothingcouldweaken(weak)hisresolutiontocontinuefurtherstudy.7.Shewastakentoahospitalsufferingfromanirregular(regular)heartbeat.8.Thisbookexploresthemusical(music)interestandneedsofchildrenintheirdailylives.9.Surprisingly(surprise),thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.10.Silencesmaybethoughtful(thought),ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Theboydreamsofbeingapilot.

这个男孩梦想成为一名飞行员。2.Investorsaregrowingimpatientwithpromisesofimprovedearnings.

投资者们对提高收益的承诺越来越不耐烦了。3.Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopassengers.

这次事故导致两名乘客死亡。4.Theclearingofrubbishanddrainsisstillinplete.

垃圾和下水道的清理工作仍然没有完成。5.Wehavetolookateverythingfromaninternationalperspective.我们必须要从一个国际视角来看待事物。

6.(2020·浙江高考)Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywrighthopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.每部戏剧都有一个主题或中心思想,剧作家希望通过对话和行动来表达。

7.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Hisson,age15,whohadtakenanartappreciationclass,thoughtthattherewassomethingunusualabouttheonewithayounggirlsittingonagardenchair.

他的上过艺术鉴赏课的15岁的儿子认为有一位年轻女子坐在花园椅子上的那幅画有些不寻常。8.(2020·江苏高考)Itwaseasyforustogotosleepattheendofthedayfeelingalittlemisunderstood.在一天结束的时候,我们很容易在被误解的感觉下入睡。

9.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)“Nicolo,”whoserealnamecannotbeexposedtothepublicbecauseofItaly’sprivacylaws,finishedworkingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.

“Nicolo”,因为意大利的隐私法他的真实名字不能被透露给公众,在Turin的一家工厂结束了一整夜的工作。10.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.她说,事实上,任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者,学习适当的技术。

Ⅰ.阅读理解FournationalparksworththetripCarlsbadCavernsNewMexicoInCarlsbadCaverns,therearemorethan119caves,includingthemaincavewiththemilelongBigRoomwalkinside.TheparkissetalongNewMexico’squietsouthernborder.MaketimetoalsoexplorethesurroundingChihuahuanDesert,hometothemostdiversecollectionofcactus(仙人掌)species(物种)intheworld’sdeserts.Insummer,visitorscanwatchhalfamillionBrazilianfreetailedbatsfilltheeveningskies.Tel:5757852232Price:$10perperson;kids15andunder,freeChannelIslandsCaliforniaJustoffthecoastofVentura,thefivePacificChannelIslandsoffer160milesofpristine(原始的)coastline.Youcanreachtheislandsbyboatorplane.Oncethere,youcanseegraywhales,Risso’sdolphinsandelephantsealswhileonawhalewatchingtour,orsearchfortherarenativespeciessuchasislandfoxes.Tel:8056585730Price:freeIsleRoyaleMichiganIsleRoyaleisa570,000acreislandinthenorthwestofMichigan’sLakeSuperior.Eachsummer,visitorsgotherebyferryorseaplanetoexploretheisland’s19thcenturyshipwrecks(沉船),learnabouttroutandwhitefishorpaddletheplentifulwaterwaysbyboat.Tel:9064820984Price:$4perperson;kids10andunder,freeDryTortugasFloridaDryTortugas—aremoteislandabout70mileswestofKeyWestandduenorthofHavana—isanidealplaceforswimmers.Infact,themajorityofthepark’s100squaremilesareactuallyunderwater.Visitorscantakeaboat,ferryorseaplanetoDryTortugas,wherethey’lldiscovershipwrecks,seaturtlesandnearly300typesofbirds.Tel:3052427700Price:$10perpersonforsevendays;kids16andunder,free【文章大意】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个值得一去的美国国家公园。1.HowmuchshouldacouplewithtwolittlebabiespayforCarlsbadCavernsNationalPark?A.$40.B.$30.C.$20.D.$10.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据CarlsbadCavernsNationalPark部分的Price:$10perperson;kids15andunder,free可知,两个大人和两个婴儿共需门票钱20美元。2.Whichplaceisthebestchoiceforsomeonefondofboating?A.Florida. B.Michigan.C.California. D.NewMexico.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据IsleRoyaleNationalPark部分的paddletheplentifulwaterwaysbyboat可知,该公园是划船的好去处。故划船爱好者应该去该公园所在地Michigan。3.Whichparkshouldaswimminglovervisit?A.IsleRoyaleNationalPark.B.DryTortugasNationalPark.C.ChannelIslandsNationalPark.D.CarlsbadCavernsNationalPark.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据DryTortugasNationalPark部分的DryTortugas...isanidealplaceforswimmers可知,该公园是游泳爱好者的理想之地。Ⅱ.完形填空Lehrneralwayswantedtodesignrollercoasters.Evenasa(n)1,though,sheknewthattherehadtobemoretoitthanjusthoppingonboard.“Istarted2howIwouldprepare,”shesaid.Shelookedtoscienceandmathand3advancedclassesinalgebraandgeometryinmiddleschoolandhighschool.Thenshetookevenmore4mathandahighlevelphysicscourse.

Shealso5themeparksasoftenasshecouldandresearchedthe6ofthosecoastersonline.Whenitcametimefor7,shewenttotheColoradoSchoolofMinesinGolden,whereshe8abachelor’sdegreeinmechanicalengineering.NowLehrnerworkswithamusementparkstodesignand9newcoasters.Thesenewcoasterstheydesignare10madeofwood,exceptforametal11onwhichthecarsrun.Thebasicdesignhasbeenaroundformorethanacentury.Still,Lehrnernotes,eachnewoneisdifferent.“Alotofthesame12andconceptsareusedwhenIdesignnewcoasters.Butthey13withtheterrain(地势)anddesign.Thattellsuswhatthelimitswillbe—howtightthebendsandhow14thehillsare.”

Someparks15theircoasterstobeasscaryaspossible.Thatmeansbig16andquickturnsandlotsofinversions.Lehrneris17atmakingtwistedwoodcoasters.Thecoastersshe18makeyoufeelasifyou’regoing19thanyoureallyarebecausethetracksarelowertotheground.“Wealsotrytobuildridesthatarefunforthewhole20—childrenaswellastheirparents.”shesaid.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。Lehrner从小就想设计过山车,于是她努力学习数学、物理等学科,现在她为多家游乐场设计、建造木质过山车。1.A.genius B.kidC.teacher D.inventor【解析】选B。根据下文可知,此处指Lehrner从小就想设计过山车。asakid意为“小时候”。故选B。2.A.thinkingabout B.goingoverC.writingdown D.dreamingof【解析】选A。根据下文中的“Shelookedtoscienceandmath...”可知,为了将来能够设计过山车,她很关注科学和数学。说明她从小就开始考虑(thinkabout)如何为设计过山车做准备。故选A。3.A.brought B.researchedC.took D.gave【解析】选C。此处takeclasses“上课”,为固定搭配。故选C。4.A.classical B.ancientC.practical D.advanced【解析】选D。承接上句,再根据evenmore表达的语气,此处指更高级的(advanced)数学。故选D。5.A.visited B.createdC.funded D.managed【解析】选A。根据常识可判断,为了研究过山车,她经常光顾(visit)主题公园。不是经常创造(create)、资助(fund)或管理(manage)主题公园。故选A。6.A.parks B.makersC.themes D.players【解析】选B。根据上下文,Lehrner关注的是过山车的设计,再根据空格后面的定语“ofthosecoasters”可知,此处应指过山车的制造者(maker),而不是玩家(player)或主题(theme)。故选B。7.A.vacation B.graduationC.college D.decision【解析】选C。根据后文“she_______abachelor’sdegreeinmechanicalengineering”可知,“theColoradoSchoolofMines”是一所高等院校,所以此处指上大学(college)的时候。故选C。

8.A.made B.boughtC.researched D.got【解析】选D。getadegree“获得学位”,为固定搭配。故选D。9.A.discover B.learnC.build D.bought【解析】选C。根据句意可知,Lehrner和游乐园的工人一起建造(build)新的过山车。故选C。10.A.largely B.pletelyC.carefully D.possibly【解析】选A。根据后文的“exceptforametal...”可知,此处指过山车大部分(largely)是用木头建造的。故选A。11.A.cover B.frameC.fence D.track【解析】选D。根据后面的定语从句可知,此处指金属制造的铁轨(track)。故选D。12.A.metals B.materialsC.colors D.plans【解析】选B。根据后文“Butthey_______withtheterrainanddesign.”可知此处不是指颜色(color)和计划(plan);根据前文可知,Lehrner设计的过山车大部分为木质,所以排除A。故选B。

13.A.agree B.pareC.change D.deal【解析】选C。此处意为“我使用了很多相同的组件和概念。但随着地形和设计的变化而变化(change)。”故选C。14.A.beautiful B.dangerousC.much D.high【解析】选D。地势的不同让我们知道过山车的弯应有多急,山应有多高。此处指山的高度。故选D。15.A.want B.considerC.hate D.imagine【解析】选A。Lehrner为公园设计过山车,有的公园想要(want)他们的过山车尽量吓人,此处指公园一方的要求。故选A。16.A.drops B.coastersC.seats D.carriages【解析】选A。根据常识可知,过山车要想刺激,降幅要大,转弯要快,倒悬要多。bigdrops“大的降幅”。故选A。17.A.amazed B.expertC.pleased D.excited【解析】选B。此处指Lehrner很擅长制造木质过山车,beexpertat“擅长于”,为固定搭配。故选B。18.A.rides B.enjoysC.designs D.studies【解析】选C。根据文章内容,此处应指Lehrner所设计(design)的过山车。故选C。19.A.slower B.crazierC.further D.faster【解析】选D。根据本段第一