英语选修8教师用书Module4SectionⅠReading（IntroductionReadingandVocabulary）

网络已成为现代人生活中不可或缺的一部分。那么你了解网络英语吗？仔细阅读下面的文章吧！CyberEnglishTherearenewandexcitingwaystousetheInternettolearnEnglishwhileyouareonline.TheInternetusesalotofmultimediaelements，likewords，sounds，pictures，animations，andvideos.Thisisperfectforstudyingalanguagebecauseyou'vegottosee，hear，andrepeatthingsasmuchasyoucan.LearningovertheInternetisalsofunbecauseyoucanbeapartoftheconversationshappeningallaroundtheglobe!SpecialInternetsitesaredesignedforpeopletolearnEnglish，justlikeyourself.Thesesitesusemultimediatohelpyoulearnandareagreatwaytomeetotherpeoplearoundtheworld.ThelanguageoftheInternetOntheInternet，Englishisthemajorlanguage.Asaresult，itisnowmoreimportantthanevertobeabletounderstandEnglishwhenyousurftheweb.Itisnotalwayseasy，though.Englishcanbedifficultorhavealotofculturalinformationthatyouhaveneverseen.SeeyouinTown!OnesiteforstudentsstudyingEnglishandtheirteachersareEnglishtown.At.//Englishtown，youwillfindagroupofpeopleinterestedinlearningEnglish.Thereareseveralbuildingsinthevirtualtownwhereyoucanplaygames，chatwithfriends，askandgetanswerstolanguageandculturalquestions，andfindaninternationalpenfriendwhosharesyourinterests.Thereareextraresourcestohelpyoulearn，suchasmultimediaCD­ROMsandbooksforlanguagelearningandtranslation.YoucanalsohavedailyandmonthlyEnglishlessonsdeliveredtoyourownemailaddress.ThereisevenanonlineschoolwhereyoucantakeEnglishclassesovertheInternet.EnglishtownistheperfectplacetoprepareforatriptotheUKortheUS!WouldyouliketobeepartofavirtualmunityofEnglishspeakers?[阅读障碍词]1．multimedia n．多媒体2．animation n．卡通3．surf v．(互联网上)浏览4．virtual adj.虚拟的[诱思导读]根据短文内容，回答下列问题1．WhyislearningEnglishthroughtheInternetperfect?BecausetheInternetusesalotofmultimediaelements，whichareperfectforstudyingalanguage.2．DoyouthinkitiseasytounderstandEnglishwhilesurfingtheweb？Why?No.BecauseEnglishcanbedifficultorhavealotofculturalinformationthatwehaveneverseen.SectionⅠReading(Introduction&ReadingandVocabulary)Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.instantly A．n.节奏；韵律()2.recognisable B．n.讨论；辩论()3.matter C．adj.独一无二的；独特的()4.count D．n.作家，作者()5.unique E．n.祖先，前辈()6.author F．n.联系()7.ancestor G．v.要紧，重要；有关系()8.link H．v.很重要；很有价值()9.rhythm I．adv.立即，马上()10.debate J．adj.能辨认的，能认出的[答案]1－5IJGHC6－10DEFABⅡ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A．更确切地说B．只要C．以……结束D．在于E．尤其，特别的F．区分开G．又，也，除……之外H．对……达成共识1．Aslongasyoupromisesomethingtohim，you'dbetterdoit.2．John，aswellashisparents，hasbeentoGuangzhouduringtheirholiday.3．Canyoutellthetwinsistersapart？4．Thekeytosolvingtheunemploymentproblemliesincreatingmorejobopportunities.5．Shestressedthatpointinparticularintoday'smeeting.6．I'llmeethim，orratherIwillaskhimtomeetme.7．Thepeacetalkbetweenthetwocountriesendedwithsigninganagreement.8．Finallyweallagreedontheproblem.[答案]1－5BGFDE6－8ACHWhichEnglish?Whenyoureceiveaphonecallfromafriend①，howlongdoesittakeyoutoknowwhoitis?Afewseconds,perhaps.Thequalityofsomeone'svoiceandtheirchoiceofwordsmakeapersoninstantlyrecognisable,eventhoughyoucan'tseehimorher②.Inthissenseeverybody'suseoflanguage－whetherEnglish,Chinese,oranyother－isdifferent.YoucouldsaythatthereareasmanyvarietiesofEnglish,oranyotherlanguageforthatmatter,astherearespeakersofit.③哪种英语？当你接到朋友的一个的时候，你要花多久才能知道对方是谁？或许几秒钟而已。一个人的音质及措词都能让这个人立即被辨认出来，即使看不见是谁。从这种意义上来说，每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语或者任何其他语言——都是不一样的。你可以说，英语，或者就此而论，任何别的语言，有多少使用者，就有多少种变体。[助读讲解]①此处When引导时间状语从句。②eventhough引导让步状语从句。③本句中包含形容词比较等级asmany＋n.＋as...。Englishisspokenasanofficiallanguageinmorethan60countriesacrosstheworldanditcansoundverydifferentfromplacetoplace.Pronunciation,aswellasgrammarandvocabulary,canchangeveryquicklyfromoneareatoanother.Forexample,withinLondonthemostfamousdialect(方言)iscockney.ItisonlyusuallyspokenbypeoplefromtheeastofthatcitysoitisnottheonlyformofEnglishyouwillhear④.YoucanusuallytellwhichpartoftheEnglish­speakingworldsomeoneesfrombytheiraccent⑤，andtherearesomeveryrecognisableaccentsalloverBritain.ItisalsoquiteeasytotellBritishandAmericanEnglishapart.英语在全世界六十多个国家被作为官方语言使用，但是各地的英语听起来差别会很大。和语法、词汇一样，发音在不同地方都可能会有明显的变化。例如，在伦敦，最著名的方言是cockney(伦敦腔)。通常只有伦敦东部的人说这种方言，因此也绝不是你能听到的唯一一种英语。根据口音，你能够分辨出人们来自英语世界的哪个地区，而在英国各地也有一些非常明显的口音。要将英式英语和美式英语分辨开来也很容易。[助读讲解]④youwillhear是定语从句，修饰先行词theonlyformofEnglish，省略了关系代词that。⑤which引导宾语从句，作tell的宾语。AlthoughmostpeoplebelievethereisarightandawrongwaytospeakEnglish⑥，thereisnotreallyastandardformthateveryonecanagreeon⑦.Englishspreadacrosstheworldoverhundredsofyearsbecauseoftrade,explorationandbusiness,andthisprocessproducedmanydifferentEnglishes.Professorsoflinguistics,writersandteachersallworryaboutprovidingaperfectmodeltofollowbutasitissowidelyspoken⑧，ithasbeeimpossibletosaywhichEnglishis“correct”andwhichis“incorrect”⑨.Perhapscorrectnessdoesn'tmatter－aslongasspeakerscanunderstandeachother－it'smunicationthatcounts⑩.尽管大多数人都相信说英语的方式有正确与错误之分，但是确实没有一种人人都认同的标准模式。几百年来由于贸易、探险以及商业的发展，英语已经传播到世界各地，在此过程中产生了许多不同种类的英语。语言学教授、作家以及教师都在为提供一种完美的可遵从的模式而忧虑，但是由于英语使用如此之广，要想区别某种英语正确与否已经变得不可能。也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。[助读讲解]⑥Although引导让步状语从句，该从句中又含有一个宾语从句作believe的宾语。⑦that引导定语从句，修饰先行词form。⑧asitissowidelyspoken是原因状语从句。⑨and连接两个which引导的宾语从句，作say的宾语。⑩aslongas引导条件状语从句，it'smunicationthatcounts为强调句型。AustraliaG'day！D'yaspeakStrine?Orrather,Hello！DoyouspeakAustralian?Australiaisoneoftheyoungestnationsintheworld.ThefirstEnglishspeakersarrivedlittlemorethan200yearsago－andtheydidn'twantto.Mostofthemwereprisonerssenttheretowork⑪.TheycamefromalloverBritain,butespeciallyfromNorthernIrelandandtheLondonarea,whichiswhytheAustralianaccenttodayhastraces(痕迹)ofbothIrishandcockneyspeechpatterns⑫.TheEnglishspeakersfoundapeoplewhohadbeenlivinginAustraliaformorethan50，000years⑬－theAborigines,andanextraordinaryvarietyofwildlife,uniquetothecontinent.ManyoftheAboriginalwordsfortheseanimals,suchaskangaroo,koalaandkookaburrasoonpassedintothelanguage.澳大利亚G'day!D'yaspeakStrine？更确切地说，Hello!DoyouspeakAustralian?澳大利亚是世界上最为年轻的国家之一。第一批说英语的人差不多200多年以前就到了这里——他们并非出于自愿。他们中的大部分都是当时发配到那里去劳作的犯人。他们来自英国各地，但主要是来自北爱尔兰以及伦敦地区，这也是今天澳大利亚英语带有爱尔兰以及伦敦语言模式的原因。这些讲英语的人发现了当地的一个民族——土著人，他们已经在澳大利亚生活了5万多年了；他们还发现了这片土地独有的异常丰富的野生生物物种。土著人关于动物的很多词语，比如袋鼠、树袋熊以及笑翠鸟，很快地进入到了英语中。[助读讲解]⑪senttheretowork是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰prisoners。⑫which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语；其中包含why引导的表语从句。⑬who引导定语从句，修饰先行词apeople。ButthemaindifferencesbetweenAustralianEnglishandothervarietiesofEnglishlieintheindividualsoundsandintonationpatterns.SometimesitisdifficultforBritishandAmericanpeopletounderstandtheAustralianaccent⑭，andmistakesaremon.Afewyearsagoawell­knownEnglishauthorwassigningcopiesofhisbooksinaSydneybookshop.Acustomercameuptotheauthorholdingacopyofthebook⑮andsaidEmmaChissit.TheauthorthoughtthatEmmaChissitwasthewoman'sname.Butwhenheaskedhowtospellthename,incasethecustomerwantedhimtowritehernameinthebook(ToEmmaChissit,withbestwishes),herealisedthatthecustomerhadbeenaskingthequestion:Howmuchisit？但澳大利亚英语和其他几种英语最主要区别在于单音和音调模式。有时候英美国家的人很难理解澳大利亚口音，所以也就容易犯错误。前些年，一位著名的英国作家到悉尼的一家书店签售他的书。一位顾客手里拿着一本书走上前去，说“EmmaChissit”。这个作者以为EmmaChissit是这名女士的名字。但当他询问如何拼写顾客名字以便她要自己在书上签名之用时(献给EmmaChissit，并致敬意)，他突然明白过来顾客问的是：这本书多少钱？[助读讲解]⑭it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式复合结构forBritishandAmericanpeopletounderstandtheAustralianaccent。⑮holdingacopyofthebook是现在分词短语作伴随状语。JamaicaandSingaporeAustralianEnglishesdirectlyfromEnglishspokeninBritain⑯.ButinothercountrieswhereEnglishisspokenasafirstlanguage⑰thisisnotthecase.ThevarietyofEnglishspokeninJamaica,andotherCaribbeancountries,hassomeofthegrammaticalfeaturesoftheAfricanlanguagesspokenbytheancestorsoftheJamaicanpeople,sothatthereisoftennoapostrophes('s)⑱(thatwomanhouse,insteadofthatwoman'shouse)ornolinkverborarticle(Hegoodman,insteadofHe'sagoodman)．Anotherfeatureistherhythm.Itistherhythmofrapmusic,whichbecamepopularintheUSinthe1980s.牙买加和新加坡澳大利亚英语直接源于英国英语。但是在其他将英语作为第一语言的国家，却不是这样。牙买加以及其他加勒比海沿岸国家的英语变体就有非洲语言的一些语法特征，牙买加人的祖辈们使用的就是这些非洲语言，所以他们的英语中经常没有所有格符号s('s)(thatwomanhouse，而不是thatwoman'shouse)，或者没有连系动词或者冠词(Hegoodman，而不是He'sagoodman)。另一个特点就是节奏。其语言的节奏就像是20世纪80年代流行于美国的说唱音乐。[助读讲解]⑯spokeninBritain为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰English。⑰where引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries。⑱sothat引导结果状语从句。Ontheothersideoftheworld,inSingapore,Englishisasecondlanguage,spokenbyabouthalfthepopulation⑲.OtherlanguagesincludeMalayandChinese.AlmosteveryoneinSingaporeisbilingual(会讲两种语言的),whilesomepeoplespeakthreeorfourlanguages.ThemostmonvarietyofEnglishspokenisknownasSinglish.SentencesinSinglishoftenendwiththewordlah.ThevarietyhasbeeninfluencedinparticularbyMalayandtheChinesedialectHokkien(languagespokeninMinnan),bothingrammaticalfeaturesandvocabulary.TodaythereisadebateinSingaporeaboutwhichvarietyofEnglishisthebest:Singlish,oravarietyclosertoBritishEnglish,whichistheaimoftheSpeakGoodEnglishMovementcreatedin1999⑳.而在地球的另一端，新加坡，英语作为第二语言被约一半的人口使用着。其境内其他语言有马来语以及汉语。在新加坡，几乎人人都说两种语言，有些人甚至说三种到四种语言。这里最常见的英语变体被称作Singlish(新加坡式英语)。新加坡式英语中句子通常是以lah一词结尾。此种语言在语法特征以及词汇方面尤其受到马来语以及汉语中一种叫作Hokkien(闽南地区使用的语言)的方言的影响。至今在新加坡有一个关于哪种英语最好的争论：是新加坡式英语还是一种更接近于英国英语的种类，这也是1999年展开的“讲好英语活动”的目的。[助读讲解]⑲spokenbyabouthalfthepopulation为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句whichisspoken...。⑳which引导非限制性定语从句。第一步速读——了解文章主题和段落大意速读P44－45教材课文，匹配段落大意1．Paras.1～3 A．EnglishspokeninAustralia.2．Paras.4～5 B．Thougheverybody'suseofEnglish isdifferent，it'smunicationthat counts.3．Paras.6～7 C．EnglishspokeninJamaica andSingapore.[答案]1－3BAC第二步细读——把控文章关键信息细读P44－45教材课文，选择最佳答案1．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Everyonecanspeakadifferentlanguage.B．Almosteveryonehasadifferentwayofspeaking.C．CockneyisspokenbypeoplefromthewestofLondon.D．It'simpossibletotellBritishandAmericanEnglishapart.2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A．Handwriting. B．Pronunciation.C．Grammar. D．VarietiesofEnglish.3．It'sdifficultforustotellwhichEnglishiscorrectbecause．A．EnglishhassuchalargevocabularyB．therearemanydifferentvarietiesofEnglishintheworldC．BritishEnglishgrammarandvocabularychangegreatlyD．thestandardformofEnglishisonlyusedbyprofessorsoflinguisticsandwriters4．WhichlanguageesdirectlyfromEnglishspokeninBritain?A．AustralianE