高考英语阅读理解文章主旨题的解题技巧

第二篇阅读第四节文章主旨题的解题技巧阅读一篇文章，我们首先要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是英语阅读理解中的常考题。主旨大意题包括：主题类试题(mainidea，mainlyabout)和文章标题(title)类试题。第一类主题类试题1．What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?2．Thepassageismainlyabout________．3．Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout___________.4．Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?5．Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?一、常见的设问形式6．Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily______.7．Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis__________.8．Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________．弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾照应，但有时也在文中，甚至没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。同时，各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：二、解题方法1．段落中出现表转折的词语(如however，but，infact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的答复很可能就是文章主旨。3．作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为表达文章主旨的关键词。4．表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等。例Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamily，andothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I'mnotgoingtosayluck，talent，andcircumstancesdon'tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence，andthat'sjusttherealityofhowlifeis.However，tosucceedinlife，onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And，inadditiontothat，inordertogenerallygoodatsomething，oneneedstospendatleast10，000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings，it'llrequireevenmoretime，timethatmostpeoplewon'tputin.Whateveryoudo，ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit，youneedtoworkdayinanddayout，almosttothepointofaddiction，andoveralongperiodoftime.Ifyou'renotwillingtoputinthetimeandwork，don'texpecttoreceiveanyrewards...Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A．Havingagoalisvitaltosuccess.B．Beinggoodisdifferentfrombeinggreat.C．Onecannotsucceedwithouttimeandpractice.D．Luck，talentandfamilyhelptoachievesuccess.解析：主旨归纳题。由第二段开头的However可知，本文的中心论题不是第一段而在第二段“tosucceedinlife，onefirstneedsto...needsto...”，再结合最后一段第一句“ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit，youneedtoworkdayinanddayout，almosttothepointofaddiction，andoveralongperiodoftime”，可知本文的主题思想——不花时间、不去实践是不可能取得成功的。答案：C第二类标题类试题1．Thebesttitleofthepassageis________．2．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?3．Thebesttitleforthepassageis________．4．Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis________．一、常见的设问形式一个好的标题应具备三个特点：概括性强，准确而又简短；针对性强，标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目性强，新颖奇特，能引发读者的阅读欲望。因此有必要掌握以下三种方法：1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的根底上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。2.反面否认法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项。二、解题方法3.研究备选项本身：研究备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。例1Intheanimalkingdom，weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme，pourcreamintomycoffee，orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.Frommywheelchairexperience，Iseethebestinpeople...Often，wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness...Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe'rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat'sinthem.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AWheelchairExperienceB．WeaknessandKindnessC．WeaknessandStrengthD．ADrivingExperience解析：标题类主旨大意题。在第一段中出现了表示转折的“ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定选B。答案：B例2Althoughtheuseoftheexpressionisaninsincere，meaninglesssocialcustomattimes，thereisnothingwrongwiththesentenceexceptthatitislittleuninteresting.Thesalesgirl，thewaitress，theteacher，andallthecountlessotherswhospeakitwithoutthinkingmaynotreallycareaboutmyday.Butinastrangeandcomfortableway，it'snicetoknowtheycareenoughtopretendtheycarewhentheyreallydon'tcareallthatmuch.Whiletheexpressionmaynotoftenbesincere，itisalwaysspoken.Thepointisthatpeoplesayitallthetimewhentheylike.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HaveaNiceDay—ASocialCustomB．HaveaNiceDay—APleasantGestureC．HaveaNiceDay—AHeart­warmingGreetingD．HaveaNiceDay—APoliteEndingofaConversation解析：标题类主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是socialcustom)可知。答案：A阅读以下文段，从A、B、C和D项中选出最正确选项。1．Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway，you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents'eyes，andthatourGrandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics，butsometimesit'salothardertothink即学即练suchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge，itistimeyoubuildapositiveself­imageandlearntoloveyourself.Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself­imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis，makealistifyouneedto，butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday.Don'tallowdoubtstooccurinit.Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeself­imageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjective，andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Changingthewayyouthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowardspromotingapositiveself­image.Whenyoucanpat(拍)yourselfontheback，you'llknowyou'rewellonyourway.Goodluck!Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Howtoprepareforyoursuccess.B．Howtofacechallengesinyourlife.C．Howtobuildapositiveself­image.D．Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities.解析：主旨大意题。反复出现的词语，一般为表达文章主旨的关键词。第一段最后一句中有“buildapositiveself­image”，第二段首句的“thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself­imageisto...”，最后一段的首句“Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeself­imageisto...”都是说明如何建立积极的自我形象的。应选C。答案：C2．Weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Watercycle.B．Watervapour.C．Howrainforms.D．Water，vapour，rain.解析：主旨大意题。由该段最后一句“Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.”可知选A。答案：A3．Technologyistheapplication(应用)ofknowledgetoproduction.Thankstomoderntechnology，wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkforce.Newmachinesandnewmethodshavehelpedcutdowntimeandexpensewhileincreasingoveralloutput.Thishasmeantmoreproductionandahigherstandardofliving.FormostofusinAmerica，moderntechnologyisthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanhavecarsandtelevisionsets.However，technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffoodavailabletous，bymeansofmodernfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques，andhasextendedourlifespanvia(通过)medicaltechnology.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheDefinitionofTechnologyB．ModernTechnologyC．TheApplicationofTechnologyD．TheDevelopmentofTechnology解析：主旨大意题。文章第一句是主题句：科学技术是知识在生产上的应用。后面的内容都是根据这句话来展开。答案：C4．Themostwidespreadmistakeofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold.Theyarenot.Theyarecausedbyviruses(病毒)passingonfrompersontoperson.Youcatchacoldbycomingintocontact，directlyorindirectly，withsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.Ifcoldcausescolds，itwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheEskimostosufferfromthemforever.Buttheydonot.AndinisolatedArcticregionsexplorershavereportedbeingfreefromcoldsuntilcomingintocontactagainwithinfectedpeoplefromtheoutsideworldbywayofpackagesandmaildroppedfromairplanes.

Thepassagemainlydiscusses________．A．theexperimentsonthecommoncoldB．thefallacy(谬论)aboutthecommoncoldC．thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcoldsD．thecontinuedspreadofcommoncolds主旨大意题。该段的第一、二句“Themostwidespreadmistakeofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold.Theyarenot.”是本文的主题句。全文主要反驳了“感冒是由寒冷引起的”这一观点。解析：答案：B5．Zinc(锌)isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth.Itispresentinthebodyinaverysmallamountbutmakesitpossibleforimportantchemicalactionstobecarriedoutincells.Scientistsarejustbeginningtodiscoverhowzincandotherelementswork.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe________．A．ANewDiscoveryB．ZincandHealthC．HowZincWorksD．AddZinctoYourFood主旨大意题。根据第一句(主题句)“Zinc(锌)isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth.”可知。解析：答案：B6．Accordingtoafamousoptical(光学)expert，Alexander，whorecentlyvisitedShanghai，thedevelopedcountriesinEuropeandAmericahavemaderulesthatchildrenmustwearresinous(树脂)glassesinsteadofthetraditionalglassesmadeofglass.Thisisbecausetheglassglassesaremorelikelytodoharmtochildren'seyesight.Thispieceofnewsmainlywantstotellus________．A．AlexandervisitedChinaandintroducedanewtypeofglassesB．weshouldwearresinousglassesinsteadofglassglassesC．resinousglassesarepopularinEuropeandAmericaD．glassescanbemadeofothermaterialsinsteadofglass主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“...childrenmustwearresinous(树脂)glassesinsteadofthetraditionalglassesmadeofglass”可知选B。解析：答案：