Unit2WildlifeProtection基础知识学案高中英语

Unit2SectionA基础练习一、基础短语1.团结的象征2.多达3.发生，进行4.为了纪念......5.把......加到......6.做某事的时机7.聚集，相聚8.被拍成电影9.被允许做某事10.不管，不顾11.以......为基础/根据12.使......活着，使......继续存在13.把......视作......14.超过，多于15.某人做某事的方式16.把(信)寄给某人17.做某事花费某人一些时间18.抱怨某事19.代替，而不是20.阻止某人做某事21.把某物包起来22.对某人的警告23.许多，大量24.除了(做)某事之外二、词性转换（构词法梳理）1.转化法构词①n.崇敬，敬重，敬意→v.向......表示敬意。②v.投票，表决→n.投票，票数。2.派生法构词①decoratev.装饰，布置，美化→n.装饰物。②freeadj.自由的→n.自由，自由权利。③participatev.参加，参与→n.参加，参与→n.参加者，参与者。④equalityn.平等→n.(社会上的)不平等。⑤noveln.(长篇)小说→n.小说家。⑥limitn.限度，极限→adj.无限的→adj.有限的。⑦regularadj.频繁的，经常的→adv.经常→adj.不规则的，无规律的。⑧n.(行星的)地级，(尤指地球的)北极或南极→polaradj.极地的。⑨warnv.警告，告诫，提醒→n.警告，警示，告诫。⑩starvev.(使)挨饿，(使)饿死→adj.挨饿的，即将饿死的→n.饥饿，挨饿。三、重难点知识及练习1.honourv.&n.(1)v.向......表示敬意，尊重①be/feelhonouredtodosth.做某事感到荣幸；②behonouredfor...因......而受到尊敬/表扬；(2)n.荣幸，光荣，尊敬，敬重，荣誉，名誉①inhonourof=inone’shonour为向......表示敬意，为纪念......；②havethehonourofdoingsth.有幸做某事；③It’sanhonourtodosth.很荣幸做某事。练习：1.Ifeelgreatly(honour)tobeinvitedtotheweddingceremony.=isagreathonourformetoinvitedtotheweddingceremony.2.Idothinkitisagreathonour(take)partintheactivity.3.Weareheretoday(honour)thepeoplewhogavetheirlivestoourcountry.4.Thestadiumwasnamed(为向......表示敬意)theclub’sfirstchairman.2.takeplace发生，进行(不用于被动语态)【辨析】takeplace，happen，occur与breakout①takeplace：尤指根据安排或计划发生。②happen/occur：尤指偶然发生，occur较正式。③breakout：指战争、火灾等突然发生、爆发。这几个表示“发生”的动词(词组)，均为不及物动词(词组)，不能用于被动语态。【拓展】place相关短语：①taketheplaceof=takeone’splace代替；②inplaceof=inone’splace代替；③inplace在正确位置，准备就绪；④outofplace不在适当的位置，不适当。练习：1.Thenextmeeting(将在星期四举行).2.Hewasunabletoetotheceremony,buthesenthissontoaccepttheaward(代替他).3.Shecouldn’tattendthemeetingsoherassistant(代替她).4.Doeseveryoneknowwhattodoifafire(发生)?5.Greatchanges(take)placeinourhometownsofarthisyear.3.memory①inmemoryof为了纪念......；②frommemory凭记忆；③in/withinone’smemory在某人的记忆中；④haveagood/badmemory(forsth.)(对某事)记忆力好/差。【拓展】“in+n.+of”型短语：inhonourof为向......表示敬意；incelebrationof为庆祝......；inpraiseof赞美，歌颂；insearchof寻找；inchargeof负责，掌管；insupportof支持；infavourof支持，赞同；inneedof需要；inplaceof代替；inpossessionof拥有。练习：1.Thelibrarywasbuilt(为了纪念)thescientistwhohadmadesignificantcontributionstosociety.2.Therearespeciallessonsandothereventsattheschoolthisweek(为向......表示敬意)theirspecialguest.3.Mostofuswere(赞同)thesuggestionthatwegooutforapicnic.4.ManyChineseuniversitiesprovidescholarshipsforstudents(需要)financialaid.4.with复合结构(构成：with+宾语+宾补)常在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、方式、条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有：(1)with+宾语+现在分词(主动或正在进行)；(2)with+宾语+过去分词(被动或已经完成)；(3)with+宾语+动词不定式(尚未发生)；(4)with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语(状态)。练习：1.ThenoneperfectAmazonianevening,withmonkeys(call)frombeyondthevillagegreen,weplayedsoccer.2.Witheverythingwell(arrange),helefttheoffice.3.It’snotconvenientformetogocyclingwithsomuchwork(do).4.Witheverythingsheneeded(buy),shewenthomehappily.5.(有那么多工作要做),Ihavenotimeforanadventureholiday.6.(有这么多人帮助你),youhavenodifficultyfinishingthetaskontime.7.(所有的工作都完成了),theyhurriedbackhomefrolunch.8.Hewasexhaustedandslept(穿着他的衣服).5.freedomn.自由，自由权利①havethefreedomtodosth.有做某事的自由；②freedomofspeech/expression言论自由；③freedomfromfear/pain/hunger免于恐惧/痛苦。练习：1.Tracksuitsaredesignedtogiveyou(free)ofmovement.2.Thewheelchairgiveshimthefreedom(go)outonhisown.3.Theyarenotcampaigningforfreedomhungerorpoverty.6.participate&participant&participation(1)participatev.参加，参与participatein=takepartin参加，参与(2)participantn.参与者，参加者(3)participationn.[U]参与，参加练习：1.Everyoneintheclassisexpectedtoparticipateactivelythesediscussion.2.选词填空：participatein；takepertin；join；attend①WomenwerenotallowedtotheOlympicsinancienttime.②ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIsinceIcametothisschool.③Weinviteyoutousonanamazingjourneyoflanguagelearning.7.votev.&n.(1)v.投票，表决①votefor=voteinfavourof投票赞成；②voleagainst投票反对；③votetodosth.表决通过做某事；④voteon投票表决......。(2)n.投票，票数，选举权take/haveavoteonsth.就某事进行表决练习：1.Toourdelight,over60%ofthemembersvotedtheplanwhichwasbeneficialtoairquality.2.Thesuggestionwasapproved,with25votesinfavour,and7.3.Wecalledameetinginorderto(对......进行表决)theissue.8.regardlessofadv.不管，不顾regardlessof，inspiteof，despite均是(短语)介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能引导从句。（despite=inspiteof尽管，虽然）练习：1.Thelawrequiresequaltreatmentforall,(不管)race,religion,orsex.2.Despite(suffer)theheavylosses,hedecidedtomakeaeback.9.limitless&limit&limited(1)limitlessadj.无限的(2)limitn.限度，极限，(常作复数)界限，边界；v.限制，限定①withinlimits在合理限度内；②setalimiton设定......的限度；③Thereisa/nolimitto.........是有限/无限的。④limit...to...把......限制在......内；⑤belimitedto...局限于......。(3)limitedadj.有限的练习：1.I’vefoundthatthepossibilitiesthatliewithinbooksare(limit).2.Inordertosavetime,helimitedhislecturethirtyminutes.3.Wearedoingourbestwiththe(limit)resourcesavailable.4.Theteachingofhistoryshouldnot(局限于)datesandfigures.10.keep...alive使......活着，使......继续存在【拓展】alive其他固定搭配①bestillalive仍然活着；②bringsth.alive使某事物变得有生气；③feelalive感觉充满活力；④bealivewith充满，到处都是；⑤ealive生动起来，(人)精神起来，(地方)热闹起来。练习：1.Thecancerpatient(维持生命)onalifesupportmachine.2.Thecitycentrereally(热闹起来)attheweekend.3.Thewayhedescribeshischaractersreally(使他们栩栩如生).4.Hopefully,wecanmakehistory(生动起来)forthechildren.11.That/This/Itiswhy+结果那/这就是为什么......【拓展】：①That/This/Itisbecause+原因那/这是因为......；②Thereason(why...)isthat...(......的)原因是......。练习：1.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisaboutseventyonepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.2.Hebelievedthatthereasonmenaredifferentfromanimalsismencanspeak.3.Thereasonwhyhemissedthebuswasthathegotuplate.=Hemissedthebus.Thatwashegotuplate.=Hegotuplate.Thatwashemissedthebus.=Hemissedthebus.Thereasonwashegotuplate.12.regardv.认为，看作①regard...as...把......视作......；②behighlyregarded得到高度评价；③bewidelyregardedas...被广泛认为是......。【拓展】“把......视作......”的多种表达：①regard...as...；②view...as...；③see...as...；④consider...as...；⑤lookon...as...；⑥thinkof...as...。练习：1.She(被广泛认为是)thecurrentleader’snaturalsuccessor.2.Hiswork(得到......高度评价)artexperts.3.Herparentsalwaysregardedherthesmartestoftheirchildren.13.musthavedone一定做了某事musthavedone表示对过去情况的肯定推测，仅用于肯定句中，否定句中要用can’t/couldn’thavedone，意为“不可能做了某事”。【拓展】“情态动词+havedone”结构：①couldhavedone本能够做某事而未做；②may/mighthavedone可能做过某事；③shouldhavedone本该做某事而未做；④shouldn’thavedone本不该做某事却做了；⑤needn’thavedone本没有必要做某事却做了。练习：1.Harryisfeelingunfortable.Hemust(drink)toomuchatthepartylastnight.2.Georgecan’t(go)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.3.I(有必要担心)beforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.4.Itwasaneasytestandhe(本应该可以通过的),buthedidn’t.14.regular®ularly&irregular(1)regularadj.频繁的，经常的，定期的，有规律的①onaregularbasis定期地；②aregularvisitor/customer常客；③regularmeetings例行会议。(2)regularlyadv.经常，定期地(3)irregularadj.无规律的，不定时的练习：1.(经常锻炼)isthebestwaytoimproveyouroverallhealth.2.We’regoingtobemeetingthere(定期).3.Weusedtoseeeachother(regular),butIhaven’theardfromhimsincelastyear.15plain&plaint(1)plainv.抱怨，不满，发牢骚（后不能直接跟sb.作宾语，要加介词to）①plain(tosb.)aboutsth.(向某人)抱怨某事；②plain(tosb.)that...(向某人)抱怨说......。(2)plaintn.投诉，不满的事①makeaplaint提出投诉；②haveaplaint有不满意见。练习：1.Sheoftenplainsnotfeelingappreciatedatwork.2.Neighborsplainedthepoliceaboutthedog’sbarking.3.Wereceivedanumberof(plain)fromcustomersaboutthelackofparkingfacilities.4.Itwasdifficulttoexplaintheproblembeginners.5.Heisalways(向我抱怨......)thestressfullife.6.I’dliketo(提出投诉)aboutthenoise.16.stop...(from)doingsth.阻止......做某事①stop...(from)doingsth.阻止......做某事；②prevent...(from)doingsth.阻止......做某事；③keep...fromdoingsth.阻止......做某事；④protect...from/against...保护......不受......(危害)。【注意】keep...fromdoingsth.中的from不能省略，因为keep...doingsth.表示“让......一直做某事”。用于被动语态时，stop/prevent/keep...fromdoingsth.结构中的from都不能省略。练习：1.They’reputbarriersuptostoppeople(get)through.2.Theysetupawildlifereservetoprotectanimalsfrom(hunt).3.Unlesswegetmoremoney,we’ll(被阻止完成)thisproject.17.warning&warn(1)warningn.警告，警示，告诫①give(sb.)awarning(向某人)发出警告；②without(any)warning没有(任何)先兆。(2)warnv.警告，提醒注意①warnsb.of/aboutsth.提醒某人某事；②warnsb.that...提醒某人......；③warnsb.(not)todosth.提醒某人(不)要做某事；④warnsb.againstdoingsth.提醒某人不要最某事。练习：1.We’vejusthearda(warn)ontheradiothatatyphoonmaybeontheway.2.Mrs.Smithwarnedhersonnever(drive)afterdrinking.3.Suddenly,(毫无征兆),MitchturnedandhitJacobintheface.4.He(提醒我们)thevolcanowaserupting.18.“do/does/did+动词原形”结构“do/does/did+动词原形”结构用来强调谓语动词，其中的do/does/did在句中要重读。该结构只有一般现在时和一般过去时，且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定式和疑问式。在祈使句中使用“do+动词原形”形式往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。练习：1.I(的确认为)she’sbehavedbadly.2.Youshouldhavewarnedme.ButI(的确提醒过你).3.He(的确喜欢旅行)andbelievesweshouldgrabopportunitiestoliveindifferentcountries.4.We(确实卖邮票)here,butwedon’thaveanyatthemoment.19.starving&starve&starvation(1)starvingadj.挨饿的，即将饿死的(2)starvev.(使)挨饿，(使)饿死①bestarving饿极了；②starvetodeath饿死；③bestarvedof/for..缺乏......；④starvesb.of/for...使......缺乏......。(3)starvationn.饿死，挨饿dieof/fromstarvation饿死练习：1.Thisorganizationwillholdaneventtohelpthe(starve)childreninAfrica.2.Weallstarveajourneytotheseaside.3.Millionsofpeoplewillface(starve)asaresultofthedrought.4.Hewouldrather(饿死)thanbegforfood.5.People(缺乏睡眠的)starttolosetheirconcentration.20.aswellas(1)aswellas意为“除......之外”，相当于inadditionto，后常接名词或动名词，尤其是当其位于句首时。(2)aswellas意为“和，也，不但......而且......”，连接并列成分。【注意】AaswellasB：强调A，作主语时，谓语动词的数与A保持一致；notonlyAbutalsoB：强调B，作主语时，谓语动词的数与B保持一致。练习：1.Aswellas(know)someRussian,shespeaksEnglishverywell.2.Dr.Smith,aswellashiswifeanddaughters,(be)goingtovisitBeijingthissummer.3.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,(invite)toperformattheopeningceremony.4.不仅学生，老师也喜欢这幅画。aswellaslikesthispainting.=Notonlybutalsolikesthispainting.Unit2SectionB基础练习一、基础短语1.用B代替A2.把......变成......3.花费时间做某事4.张贴，建造5.装扮成......6.查看，观察7.向某人挥手8.theLanternFestival9.用......装饰......10.记得要做某事11.按时，准时12.依靠，取决于13.需要做某事14.顺便说一点15.特别注意......二、词性转换（构词法梳理）1.转化法构词①.n.请求，要求→v.请求，要求。②.v.挥手，招手→n.挥手，招手。③.n.东道主，主人→v.主办，作为主人组织(聚会)。2.派生法构词①.v.表明，显示→indicationn.显示，标示。②.attractv.吸引，引起......的兴趣→n.吸引→adj.吸引人的，诱人的。③petev.参加比赛→n.比赛，竞赛。④.formaladj.正式的→adj.非正式的。三、重难点知识及练习1.indicate&indication(1)indicatev.表明，显示，象征，暗示①indicatetosb.向某人表明；②indicatethat...显示......；(2)indicationn.迹象，标示①givesb.indication向某人表明；②Thereareclearindicationsthat...有明显的迹象显示......。练习：1.Theblackcloudsaregathering,which(indicate)thatitwillrainsoon.2.Thereisagreatdealofevidence(indicate)thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.3.Accordingtoanoldproverb,aredskyatnightoften(预示着好天气)nextday.4.(有明显的迹象显示)theeconomyisimproving.2.requestn.&v.(1)n.请求，要求①makearequestfor...要求得到......；②byrequest按照要求；③atone’srequest=attherequestofsb.应某人的要求。(2)v.请求，要求①requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事；②requeststh.fromsb.要求某人提供某物；③requestthat...(should)do...要求......(应该)做......。【注意】request后的名词性从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。练习：1.You’dsoundalotmorepoliteifyoumakerequestintheformofaquestion.2.Theroadworkswerefinishedaheadoftimethepany’srequest.3.Visitorsarerequestednot(touch)theexhibits.4.Don’trespondtoanyemails(request)personalinformation,nomatterhowofficialtheylook.5.Thestudywascarriedout(应......的要求)thechairman.6.Werequestedthatthenextmeeting(星期五举行).7.Theyinsistedthateveryone(都来参加聚会).3.wavev.&n.(1)v.挥手，招手①waveto/atsb.向某人挥手；②wavesth.about/around挥动......；③wavesb.goodbye=wavegoodbyetosb.向某人挥手道别。(2)n.波浪，(行为、活动或感情的)一阵，风潮awaveofpanic/relief/sympathy一阵恐慌/宽慰/同情练习：1.Wewavedourteacherandhewavedback.2.Attherailwaystation,themotherwavedgoodbyeherdaughteruntilthetraindisappearedfromview.3.Thestrangerspokerapidly,(wave)hisarmsaround.4.(一阵恐慌)spreadthroughthecrowd.4.attract&attractive&attraction(1)attractv.吸引，引起......的兴趣①attractsb.tosth.把某人吸引到某事上来；②beattractedtosb.爱慕某人，为某人所吸引；③attractone’sattention/interest吸引某人的注意/兴趣。(2)attractiveadj.有吸引力的beattractivetosb.对某人有吸引力(3)attractionn.吸引，有吸引力的事练习：1.Eventheyoungestchildrenintheclass(attract)bythestory.2.Whatattractedmemostthejobwasthechancetotravel.3.TheGreatWallisoneofthegreatest(attract)allovertheworld.4.InUnderwaterWorld,nothing(吸引我的注意力)morethanthepenguins.5.decorate&decoration(1)decoratev.装饰，布置，美化，装修，装潢①decorate...with...用......装饰......；②bedecoratedwith装饰着.....。(2)decorationn.装饰，装潢，装饰物（装饰物常用复数形式decorations）练习：1.Hedecoratedhisroompicturesofallhisfavoritesportsfigures.2.Atmybirthdayparty,Ireceivedapencilbox(decorate)withsomecartoonpicturesonthetop.3.Withitssimple(decorate),themainbedroomisapeacefulplace.6petition&pete&petitor&petitive(1)petitionn.[C]比赛，竞赛；[u]竞争，角逐①inpetitionwith与......竞争；②hold/enter/win/loseapetition举行/参加/赢得/输掉比赛。(2)petev.参加比赛，竞争①petetodosth.竞争做某事；②petein参加......比赛；③petewith/against与......竞争；④petefor为.....而竞争；(3)petitorn.参赛者，竞争者(4)petitiveadj.竞争的，有竞争力的练习：1.We’regoingtohavea(pete)toseewhocanswimthefarthest.2.Thereisnowfierce(pete)betweenschoolstoattractstudents.3.Howmanyrunnerswillbepetingthemarathon?4.Lifeislikealongracewherewepeteotherstogobeyondourselves.5.Graduateshavetofightforjobsinahighly(pete)market.7.occasion&occasional&occasionally(1)occasionn.场合，时刻①onthis/thatoccasion这次/那次；②ononeoccasion有一次；③onoccasion有时，偶尔；④ontheoccasionof在......之际；⑤special/formaloccasions特殊/正式场合；⑥onnooccasion绝不，不会（位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装）。【注意】occasion作先行词且定语从句中缺少状语时，定语从句的关系词要根据occasion的含义来定：表示“(特定的)时刻”时，关系词用when；表示“(仪式、庆典等)重大场合”时，关系词用where。(2)occasionaladj.偶尔的，偶然的(3)occasionallyadv.有时，偶尔练习：1.oneoccasion,shecalledmeinthemiddleofthenight.2.Hehasbeenknownoccasiontolosehistemper.3.HespentfiveyearsinParis,with(occasion)visitstoItaly.4.I’vebeenwritingthisreport(occasional)forthelasttwoweeks,butithastobehandedintomorrow.5.OccasionsarequiterareIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.6.Hewaspresentedwiththewatch(在......之际)hisretirement.8.payattentionto注意，专心，留心attention可用much，more，little，no等修饰；to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。attention可被提前作主语，此时句子要用被动语态；attention也可被提前作定语从句的先行词。【注意】attention相关短语：①attract/catchone’sattention吸引/引起某人的注意；②bringsth.toone’sattention使某事引起某人的注意；③hold/keepone’sattention保持某人的注意力；④turnone’sattentionto将注意力转向......；⑤drawattentionto使人们关注......。练习：1.Weshouldpayattentionto(protect)theanimalswhichhavenearlydiedout.2.Theteachersuggestedthatmuchattentionshould(pay)toEnglishreading.3.Greatattentionmustbepaidto(develop)education,especiallyinthecountryside.4.Itriednottodrawattentiontheweakpointsinmyargument.5.ThisapplicationformwritteninproperEnglish(引起他们的注意).Unit2SectionC基础练习一、基础短语1.观点2.不少于，多达3.喜欢，对......着迷；渴望，热衷于4.为......作准备5.打扫干净，清理6.与......无关7.在我看来8.有点儿，稍微9.感觉像......10.期待，盼望11.不仅...而且...12.做某事的机会13.闲聊......14.赞成，同意15.卖完16.与......互动17.而不是18.详细介绍......二、词性转换（构词法梳理）1.转化法构词①.n.(为达到某目标的)过程，进程→v.加工，处理。②.adj.海外的，外国的→adv.在海外，在外国。2.派生法构词①.occasionn.场合，时刻→adj.偶尔的，临时的→adv.偶尔地。②.editv.编辑→n.(报纸、杂志的)主编，编辑→n.版本。③.losev.失去，丧失→n.失去，丧失。④.adultn.成人，成年人→n.成年。⑤.retirev.(使)退休→adj.退休的→n.退休。⑥.existv.存在，实际上有→n.存在，实有。⑦.globen.地球，世界→adj.全球的，全世界的→adv.全球地。⑧.nationn.国家，民族→adj.国家的，民族的→n.国籍，民族。⑨.interactv.互动→n.互动。⑩.joyn.欢欣，愉快，喜悦→adj.欢乐的，令人高兴的。三、重难点知识及练习1.部分否定部分否定：总括性代词或副词与not连用时，表示部分否定。这类总括性词有all，both，every，everything，everybody，everyone，always，altogether等。全部否定：表示全部否定意义的词(none，neither，nothing，nobody，noone，never等)与肯定形式的谓语动词连用。练习：1.(并不是每个人都)candothat.2.It’saneitherorsituationwecanbuyanewcarorwecangoonholidaybutwe(不能两者都做).3.We(并不总是)agreewithoneanother.4.Nikiisalwaysfullofideas,but(没有一个有用)tomyknowledge.5.Notallpeopleagreewithyou.=.2.nolessthan不少于，多达(强调多)短语符号意义lessthan＜少于notlessthan≥不少于，至少(强调最低限度)nolessthan=不少于，多达(强调多)morethan＞多于notmorethan≤不超过，至多(强调最高限度)nomorethan=仅仅(强调少)练习：1.Theguidecontainsdetailsof(多达)115hikingroutes.2.Ittookthepolice(不到)twohourstofindthelostvaluablevase.3.It’sabeautifulcottage(至多)fiveminutesfromthenearestbeach.4.Thereisroomfor(仅仅)threecars.3.admit&admission(1)admitv.(不情愿地)承认，承认(过错)，允许......，进入/加入①admittosb.that...向某人承认......；②admit...to/into...允许......进入/加入......；③admitdoingsth./havingdonesth.承认做了某事。(2)admissionn.承认，准许进入/加入练习：1.Youmaynotlikeher,butyouhavetoadmitshe’sgoodatherjob.2.Headmitted(cheat)intheexaminationsandhewasnotadmittedthecollegeatlast.3.Ifyouleavetheclub,youwillnot(admit)backin.4.Paul(向我承认)hesometimesfeltjealousofmyfriendshipwithStanley.4.effortn.力气，精力，努力①takeefforts需要下功夫；②inanefforttodosth.为了做某事；③puteffortinto(doing)sth.努力做某事；④with/withouteffort费力地/毫不费力地；⑤makeaneffort/effortstodosth.努力做某事；⑥sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力地做某事；⑦makeeveryefforttodosth.尽一切努力做某事；⑧be(well)worththeeffort(of)(很)值得(......的)努力。练习：1.anefforttopromotethedevelopmentofthisregion,theysignedtheagreement.2.Thereinnoneedtoworryaboutitasthegovernmentisnowmakingeveryeffort(provide)morejobs.3.Thegoodnewsisthatit’ssimpletolearnandcan(值得努力).4.thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutthatweneedto(作出更大的努力).5.JustasRomewasnotbuiltinaday,noonecanachieveanything(毫不费力地).5.loss&lose&lost(1)lossn.失去，丧失，亏损，损失①lossof......的丧失；②asenseofloss失落感；③makealoss亏损；④ataloss困感，不知所措；⑤sufferagreathugeloss遭受巨大的损失。(2)losev.丧失，失去，输掉，丢失(3)lostadj.迷路的，丢失的，不知所措，困惑①getlost迷路；②belostinthought陷人沉思；③belostforwords不知说什么才好。练习：1.Theanimalwasweakthrough(失血).2.Manyparentsfeel(失落感)whentheirchildrenleavehome.3.Detectivesaresofar(困惑)toexplainthereasonforhisdeath.4.Theygot(lose)intheforest.Whatwasworse,itbegantorainheavily.5.(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.6.lookforwardto期待，盼望to是介词，后接名词、代词数动名词等；lookforwardto用在定语从句中时，应注意其后主句的谓语动词形式。练习：1.We’rereallylookingforwardto(visit)thecityagain.2.We’relookingforwardto(invite)toaformaldinner.3.Thepartywehadbeenlookingforwardto(e)atlast.Howexcitedwewere!4.I(期盼着)thedaywhenmydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.7.notonly...but(also)...不仅......而且......(连接两个并列成分)notonly位于句首，其后句子要用部分倒装，但butalso后的句子不倒装。notonly...but(also)...连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”，即谓语动词的数通常与靠近的主语保持一致。遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：①neither...nor...既不......也不......；②either...or...不是......就是......；③not...but...不是......而是......。练习：1.Ihavegrownnotonly(physical),butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.2.Puttingonahappyfacenotonlyhelpsusmakefriendsbutalso(make)usfeelbetter.3.Notonlyyoubutalsohe(know)theanswer.4.Notonly(护士们想要)apayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.5.Notonly(海洋为我们提供充足的食物),butalsotheymaintainthebalanceofcessn.(为达到某目标的)过程，进程；v.加工，处理①intheprocess同时在......过程中；②intheprocessof(doing)sth.在(做)某事的过程中。练习：1.Thepanyistheprocessofmovingtonewoffices.2.Mostofthefoodwebuy(process)insomeway.3.Istooduptosayhelloandspilledmydrinktheprocess.4.We’re(在......过程中)sellingouroldfurniture.9.retired&retire&retirement(1)retiredadj.退休的(2)retirev.退休①retirefrom从......退休；②retireas以......身份退休。(3)retirementn.退休，退职，退休生活练习：1.Mrs.Smith,whoisa(retire)teacher,doesvolunteerworkatthehospital.2.Shewasforcedtoretireearlyteachingbecauseofillhealth.3.Hehasnoplanstoretireeditorofthemagazine.4.Attheageof60,hewasnowapproaching(retire).10.exist&existence&existing(1)existv.存在，实际上有，维持生存（exist是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。）①existin存在于......中；②existon(=liveon)靠......生存；③Thereexist(s)...存在......。(2)existencen.存在，(尤指不幸的)生活①eintoexistence/being开始存在，出现(表示动作)；②beinexistence存在(表示状态)。(3)existingadj.现存的，现行的theexistinglaws现行法律练习：1.Theycan’texistthemoneyhe’searning.2.Therestill(exist)somedoubtwhetherthepolicecanmakeamajorbreakthroughinthecase.3.Therearestillmanypeoplewonderingwhentheearthcameinto(exist).4.Thisistheoldesttemple(exist)intheworld.5.(存在着)abeautifullakesurroundedbygreengrassandwildflowersinfrontofthevillage.11.joy&joyful(1)joyn.欢欣，愉快，喜悦，使人高兴的事物(或人)，乐趣①with/forjoy高兴地；②beajoytodosth.做某事是个乐趣；③befilledwithjoy/befullofjoy充满欢乐；④bejumpingforjoy高兴得跳起来；⑤toone’s(great)joy使某人(非常)高兴的是。(2)joyfuladj.欢乐的，令人高兴的练习：1.Iwas(充满欢乐)atthethoughtofseeingheragain.2.(使她十分高兴的是),shebecamethemotheroftwobeautifulbabygirls.3.Shetriedtostaycalm,butshewassecretlyjumpingjoy.4.Spendingeveningsoutsideisoneofthe(joy)ofsummer.5.SpringFestivalisa(joy)occasionforchildren.Unit2单元语法——情态动词的用法2一、情态动词概述1.情态动词：表明说话者情绪、态度和语气等的动词。2.作用：表示人的能力、推测、请求、义务、意愿、需要等。3.本身具有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，需要和其他实义动词一起构成谓语。4.无人称和数字的变化，haveto除外；有些情态动词有过去式。5.否定式在情态动词后加not；疑问句则位于句首，放在主语前。（一）will和wouldwill和would除了用作助动词构成将来时态外，还可用作情态动词，表示情态意义。1.表示意愿：表示主语的意愿，如意志、愿望或决心等。will用于现在或将来，would用于过去。例：Pleaseeovertheweekendifyouwill.①will若表示将来，不可用在条件或时间状语从句中；但若will为情态动词表示意愿、请求、坚持等，则可以。例：If/WhenI’mfreethisafternoon,I’llgoshopping.②为了区分will表示将来和意愿的两种情况，用willbedoing表示纯粹将来，因为willdo可能是将来，也可能是意愿。例：Iwillbediscussingtheproblemwiththem.(纯将来)Iwilldiscusstheproblemwiththem.(将来或意愿)2.表