四川省宜宾市2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试英语试题(解析版)

PAGEPAGE1四川省宜宾市2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)略第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAnadventurousIndianOceanbreakcaneasilycapturetheimaginationsofthewholefamily.Herearethebestoption,withtripstosuitpre-schoolerstoteens.MauritiusAridethroughthewatersofnorthwestMauritiusinBlueSafari’s10-seatersubmarinegiveschildren(agedninemonthsandup)therarechancetoexplorebeneaththesurfacetoadepthof35meters.Everyonegetsawindowtotheunderwaterworld.TheMaldivesTheMaldivesisagoodplacetoinspireyoungmindstodigdeeperintotheocean.AtFourSeasonsLandaaGiraavaru,intheBaaAtollnorthofMale,yourteenscanlearnwhatishappeningandwhy,andalsohelpascientisttocreatenewreefs;backhome,theycanwatchtheirreefflourishonline.KeralaTheriversofthesoutherncoastalstateofKeralaareanidealintroductiontoIndiaforyoungimaginations.Settingsailonahouseboat,kidswillfindthevillagelifealongthewaterwaysfascinating,andtheycanplayapartinitontripstolocalmarketstopickupsouvenirs(guidedbyhouseboatstaff).RéunionCoveredingreen,withplungingwaterfallsandblack-sandbeaches,smallReunionisnotatypicalIndianOceanisland.HikeuptothePitondelaFournaise,oneofthemostactivevolcanoesintheworld,withover600milesoftrailstooccupyexcitedteenagers,or‘aquahike’theLangevinRiver,whichinvolvesamixofcanyoningandwhitewaterswimming.1.WhatdotripstoMauritiusandtheMaldiveshaveincommon?A.Theyarehometoreefs. B.Theyhaveonlinepractice.C.Theyownspecialsouvenirs. D.Theyofferunderwaterprojects.2.Wherecankidsexperiencethevillagelifenearrivers?A.Mauritius. B.TheMaldives. C.Kerala. D.Reunion.3.WhatisaboutRéunion?A.Itisacoralisland. B.Itsuitsteenagersbest.C.Itisnearanactivevolcano. D.Ithaswatersportsevents.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了印度洋地区适合家庭旅游的几个目的地，包括毛里求斯、马尔代夫、喀拉拉邦和留尼汪岛，以及每个地方为不同年龄段孩子提供的特色活动。〖答案〗1.D2.C3.C1．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据“Mauritius”部分的“AridethroughthewatersofnorthwestMauritiusinBlueSafari’s10-seatersubmarinegiveschildren(agedninemonthsandup)therarechancetoexplorebeneaththesurfacetoadepthof35meters.(乘坐蓝色野生动物园的10座潜艇穿越毛里求斯西北部水域，让9个月及以上的儿童有难得的机会探索35米深的海底)”以及“TheMaldives”部分的“TheMaldivesisagoodplacetoinspireyoungmindstodigdeeperintotheocean.(马尔代夫是激励年轻人深入海洋的好地方)”可知，毛里求斯和马尔代夫的共同之处是都有水下项目，故选D项。2．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据“Kerala”部分的“kidswillfindthevillagelifealongthewaterwaysfascinating(孩子们会发现水道上的乡村生活很迷人)”可知，在喀拉拉邦孩子们能体验到河边的乡村生活，故选C项。3．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据“Réunion”部分的“HikeuptothePitondelaFournaise,oneofthemostactivevolcanoesintheworld(徒步前往世界上最活跃的火山之一：富尔奈斯火山”可知，留尼汪岛靠近火山，故选C项。BIt’scommonnowadaysforpeopletoscheduleafitnessplan.Whateverthedrivebehindit,whetherhealth-related,performance-relatedorjustplainvainglory(虚荣心),itisnotuncommonforpeopletotakeregularexercise.Butifyou’veneverdoneitbefore,what’sthebestwaytogoaboutit?Well,manypeoplemakeuseofaPT—that’sapersonaltrainer.Thismightbebecausethey’rewetbehindtheearsormaybetheyjustdon’twantthetroubleofdesigningtheirownworkoutplan.APTwillcreateaplanbasedontheaimofanindividual.Theywilltailorittoyourcurrentabilitiesand,betterstill,theywillteachyouhowtomoveinaproperway.However,thetrade-offwithaPTistheprice.EachhourlysessioncanbesteepconsideringthedoublewhammyofhavingtopayboththePTandmembershipofthegym.Ifyouareatallstrappedforcashthenregularsessionsmightbeoutofyourbudget.Sowhat’sleft?Well,ifyouhavethegritforit,youcanmakeyourownplan.It’srelativelyeasytodoifyouhavetheknow-how.Butbeforeyoudo,herearesomebasicpointers.First,keepyourfitnessgoalinmind.Areyoulookingtoslimdown,bulkup,orgetshredded?Whateveritis,makesureyouchoosetobeinpursuitofthatgoal.Next,doyourresearch.Socialmediaisfulloffitnessvideosandadvice.Watchasmanyaspossible,butmakesuretobecriticalofthem—everyonehasadifferentbody.Finally,keepyourfeetontheground.Bepatientwithyourselfandsetrealisticgoals—ittakesatleastthreemonthstoseerealisticbodychanges.Agoodworkoutisdifficultandchallenging,butneverpainful.Painmeansyouaredamagingyourself.4.Whatdrivespeopletogotothegym?A.Tokeepafitfigure. B.Tomakefriends.C.Toavoidvainglory. D.Tobecomeacelebrity.5.WhatkindofpersonwouldchooseaPT?A.Astudentshortofbudget. B.Abusyworkaholic.C.Agreenhandinexercise. D.Aprofessionalathlete.6.Whatshouldbepaidattentiontowhilemakingourownfitnessplan?A.Bearinmindourfitnessgoals. B.Beamemberofthegym.C.Setatrainingtimeline. D.Watchlatestfitnessvideos.7.What’sthetextabout?A.Thenecessityofexercise. B.Howtomakeafitnessplan.C.Thepracticalskillsofworkout. D.Howtobeapersonaltrainer.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了在现代，人们制定健身计划的普遍现象，介绍了找个私人教练设计健身计划和自己设计健身计划的优缺点，并给出了制定健身计划的三个基本指导方针。〖答案〗4.A5.C6.A7.B4．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whateverthedrivebehindit,whetherhealth-related,performance-relatedorjustplainvainglory(虚荣心),itisnotuncommonforpeopletotakeregularexercise.(现在人们制定健身计划是很常见的。无论背后的动机是什么，无论是与健康有关的，还是与表现有关的，或者只是单纯的虚荣，人们经常锻炼并不罕见。)”可知，如今人们经常锻炼原因有很多即保持健康，有好的表现或者单纯只是虚荣，人们经常锻炼并不罕见，故为了保持健康的身材可以是人们经常锻炼的原因之一。故选A。5．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第二段中“Butifyou’veneverdoneitbefore,what’sthebestwaytogoaboutit?Well,manypeoplemakeuseofaPT—that’sapersonaltrainer.

(但如果你以前从未做过，最好的方法是什么？嗯，很多人使用PT，也就是私人教练。)”可知，对于从未有过锻炼经历的人，可以使用PT。即锻炼方面的新手可以选择PT来锻炼。故选C。6．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据最后一段中“First,keepyourfitnessgoalinmind.Areyoulookingtoslimdown,bulkup,orgetshredded?Whateveritis,makesureyouchoosetobeinpursuitofthatgoal.

(首先，记住你的健身目标。你是想减肥、增肥还是锻炼？不管是什么，确保你选择去追求那个目标。)”可知，在制定自己的健身计划时应该注意自己的健身目标。故选A。7．〖解析〗主旨大意题。根据第二段“Butifyou’veneverdoneitbefore,what’sthebestwaytogoaboutit?Well,manypeoplemakeuseofaPT—that’sapersonaltrainer.(但如果你以前从未锻炼过，最好的方法是什么？嗯，很多人使用PT，也就是私人教练。)”以及倒数第二段中“Sowhat’sleft?Well,ifyouhavethegritforit,youcanmakeyourownplan.It’srelativelyeasytodoifyouhavetheknow-how.Butbeforeyoudo,herearesomebasicpointers.(那么还剩下什么呢？好吧，如果你有勇气，你可以制定自己的计划。如果你有诀窍，这是相对容易做到的。但在此之前，这里有一些基本的〖提示〗。)”以及通读全文可知，本文讲述了在现代，人们制定健身计划的普遍现象，介绍了找个私人教练设计健身计划和自己设计健身计划的优缺点，并给出了制定健身计划的三个基本指导方针。B选项“Howtomakeafitnessplan.(如何制定健身计划。)”概括文章主要内容，符合题意。故选B。CWhenarchitectsAnneLacatonandJean-PhilippeVassalwereinvitedtoredesignasmall,triangularplazainaresidentialdistrictinBordeaux,Franceinthemid-1990s,theydecidedthatthebestdesignwouldbenodesignatall.Afterstudyingthesiteandinterviewingitsresidents,thearchitectsinformedthecitythatthebestplanwouldbetoleavetheparkalone.“Decorationhasnoplacehere,”theywroteintheirprojectstatement.“Therewasnoneedtorebuild,”theynoted.“Quality,charm,andlifealreadyexist.”ThepairrunsafirmnamedLacaton&Vassal.MostoftheirbuiltprojectslieinlocationsaroundFrance.Theyareasfocusedonpreservingexistingbuildingsastheyareonbuilding.InthewordsofLondon-basedarchitectDieterKleiner,theirworkisalmostanti-architecture.Nowtheiranti-architectureisreceivinginstitutionalattention:InMarch2021,LacatonandVassalwereawardedthePritzkerArchitecturePrize.Thejury(评审团)notedtheir“democraticspirit”aswellas“acommitmenttoarestorativearchitecturethatisatoncetechnological,innovativeandecologicallyresponsive”.In2017,whentaskedwiththeredesignofsome1960sapartmentblocksinBordeaux,LacatonandVassalchosenottoteardownthestructures.Instead,theyupgradedtheexisting530unitswithgardenterraces(露台)thatexpandedthesizeoftheaccommodationandincreasedaccesstofreshairandsunlight.Theyusedmaterialscommontogreenhouseconstruction,suchassilversolarcurtains,whichallowedthemtocreatecost-effectiveindoorandoutdoorspacesthatcouldbeadjustedaccordingtotheweather:admittinglightandaironpleasantdays,orblockingthesunwhensummerheatisatitspeak.Forthearchitects,thisispartoftheirmotto:“Neverdemolish,neverremoveorreplace,alwaysadd,transformandreuse!”TheselectionofLacatonandVassalbythePritzkerjurymarksasociallymindedturnfortheprize,which—withafewexceptions—hasgenerallyawardedform—makingaboveeverythingelse.8.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A.Theworkofredesignwasdoneperfectly. B.Thesmalltriangularplazawasn’trestored.C.Thelocalresidentsdisagreedwiththeproject. D.Therewerenodecorationsaroundtheplaza9.Whichoffollowingagreeswiththetwoarchitects’idea?A.Keepinganoldbuildingasitwas. B.Usinghighqualitymaterials.C.Applyingnewbuildingcrafts. D.Receivingnoattentiontoarchitecture.10.Whatdoestheword“demolish”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Decorate. B.Breakdown. C.Abolish. D.Pulldown.11.Whatcouldbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheForeverArts B.TheArchitecturalTastesC.TheWorkwithKindness D.TheBeautyofOldBuildings【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了建筑师AnneLacaton和Jean-PhilippeVassal注重对现有的老建筑进行更新和改造，而不是一味拆除，列举了他们的一些建筑事例以及取得的成就。〖答案〗8.B9.A10.D11.D8．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第一段“WhenarchitectsAnneLacatonandJean-PhilippeVassalwereinvitedtoredesignasmall,triangularplazainaresidentialdistrictinBordeaux,Franceinthemid-1990s,theydecidedthatthebestdesignwouldbenodesignatall.Afterstudyingthesiteandinterviewingitsresidents,thearchitectsinformedthecitythatthebestplanwouldbetoleavetheparkalone.“Decorationhasnoplacehere,”theywroteintheirprojectstatement.“Therewasnoneedtorebuild,”theynoted.“Quality,charm,andlifealreadyexist.”(上世纪90年代中期，当建筑师AnneLacaton和Jean-PhilippeVassal受邀在法国波尔多的一个住宅区重新设计一个小型三角形广场时，他们认为最好的设计就是根本不设计。在研究了场地并采访了当地居民后，建筑师告知市政府，最好的计划是让公园保持原样。“这里没有装饰的容身之地，”他们在项目声明中写道。“没有必要重建，”他们指出。“品质、魅力和生命已经存在。”)”可推知，小三角广场没有修复。故选B。9．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第二段“Theyareasfocusedonpreservingexistingbuildingsastheyareonbuilding.(他们既注重建筑，也注重保护现有建筑)”以及第三段“In2017,whentaskedwiththeredesignofsome1960sapartmentblocksinBordeaux,LacatonandVassalchosenottoteardownthestructures.Instead,theyupgradedtheexisting530unitswithgardenterraces(露台)thatexpandedthesizeoftheaccommodationandincreasedaccesstofreshairandsunlight.(2017年，当Lacaton和Vassal被要求重新设计波尔多一些20世纪60年代的公寓楼时，他们选择不拆除这些结构。取而代之的是，他们用花园露台升级了现有的530个单元，扩大了住宿面积，增加了新鲜空气和阳光的接触)”可知，保持老建筑原貌与两位建筑师的想法一致。故选A。10．〖解析〗词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“neverremoveorreplace,alwaysadd,transformandreuse”可知，他们认为不应该拆除建筑，永远不要拆除或更换，总是增加，改造和再利用。故划线词意思是“拆除”。故选D。11．〖解析〗主旨大意题。根据第二段“ThepairrunsafirmnamedLacaton&Vassal.MostoftheirbuiltprojectslieinlocationsaroundFrance.Theyareasfocusedonpreservingexistingbuildingsastheyareonbuilding.InthewordsofLondon-basedarchitectDieterKleiner,theirworkisalmostanti-architecture.(两人经营着一家名为Lacaton&Vassal的公司。他们建造的大部分项目都位于法国各地。他们既注重建筑，也注重保护现有建筑。用伦敦建筑师DieterKleiner的话来说，他们的作品几乎是反建筑的)”结合文章主要说明了建筑师AnneLacaton和Jean-PhilippeVassal注重对现有的老建筑进行更新和改造，而不是一味拆除，列举了他们的一些建筑事例以及取得的成就。故D选项“老建筑之美”最符合文章标题。故选D。DInternetusersworldwideareplantingtrees—nearly65millionofthemtodate—justbybrowsingtheinternet.That’sbecauseinsteadofrelyingonGoogleorYahootoconducttheironlinesearches,theyareusingEcosia.Likeothersearchengines,Ecosiamakesmoneythroughadvertising—everytimesomeoneclicksononeoftheadslocatednexttosearchresults,Ecosiamakesseveralcents.TheBerlin-basedstart-upinvests80percentofitsprofitsintreeplanting.Currently,8millionusersarefunding20tree-plantingprojectsin15countries.Forexample,EcosiaisplantingmangrovetreesalongtheMadagascarcoast,nuttreesinGhana,andacaciatreesinEthiopianvalley.Tomakesurethetreesactuallystayintheground,thesearchengineemploysachieftree-plantingofficer,whoreviewsprojectsandregularlyvisitstree-plantingsites.Thecompanyalsoreliesonsatelliteimagingtohelpensuremillionsoftreesitfundsaren’tsubjecttologging.ThemajorityofEcosiausersarelocatedinFrance,Germany,andtheUK,butthesearchengineisrapidlyexpandinginUS.“We’reseeingrealgrowthintheUSaspeoplefindouttheycanplanttreeswhilesearchingtheinternet,”founderChristianKrollsaid,“whichmeansweareontracktoplantmorethan100milliontreesbynextyear.”Whenitcomestobeingaforceforsocialgood,Ecosiaseemstowalkthewalk.Astheclimatemovementworldwidegrows,theinternethasnotescapedscrutinyforitscarbonfootprint—andforgoodreason.InearlyAugust,thecompanyannouncedthatwiththecompletionofitssecondsolarplant,itisreturningenoughrenewableenergytothegridtooffsetmorethan100percentoftheenergyusedbyMicrosofttopowerEcosiasearches.Giventhattreessuckupcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,thestart-upclaimsthateachEcosiainternetsearchactuallyremoves1kgofCO2fromtheatmosphere.12.WhatisEcosia?A.Anadagency. B.Asearchengine. C.Abrowser. D.Apowerplant.13.WhatmakesEcosiadifferentfromGoogleorYahoo?A.Ittransformstodocharity.B.Itsusersmakemoneybyusingit.C.Itearnmoneybyclickingtheadsonit.D.Itspendsmostprofitsontree-plantingprojects.14.Whatcansatelliteimagingbeusedtodo?A.Checkthegrowthoftrees. B.Hireatree-plantingofficer.C.Protecttreesbeingcutdown. D.Inspectplantingsitesirregularly.15.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.TheInternetneedstosaveenergy.B.Thesolarplantscanboostenergyforitself.C.Thecompany’spurposeistofindalternativeenergy.D.Ecosiakeepsmakingeffortsinenvironmentalprotection.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种搜索引擎——Ecosia，它把大部分利润用于在线种树，努力保护环境。〖答案〗12.B13.D14.C15.D12．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第二段的“Likeothersearchengines,Ecosiamakesmoneythroughadvertising—everytimesomeoneclicksononeoftheadslocatednexttosearchresults,Ecosiamakesseveralcents.(像其他搜索引擎一样，Ecosia通过广告赚钱——每次有人点击搜索结果旁边的一个广告，Ecosia就能赚几美分。)”可知，Ecosia是一个搜索引擎。故选B。13．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第一段的“Internetusersworldwideareplantingtrees—nearly65millionofthemtodate—justbybrowsingtheinternet.That’sbecauseinsteadofrelyingonGoogleorYahootoconducttheironlinesearches,theyareusingEcosia.(全世界的互联网用户都在通过浏览互联网来植树——迄今已有近6500万人次。这是因为他们不再依赖谷歌或雅虎来进行在线搜索，而是使用Ecosia。)”和第二段的“TheBerlin-basedstart-upinvests80percentofitsprofitsintreeplanting.(这家总部位于柏林的初创公司将80%的利润用于植树。)”可知，Ecosia不同于谷歌和雅虎的是它将大部分利润用于植树项目。故选D。14．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第四段的“Thecompanyalsoreliesonsatelliteimagingtohelpensuremillionsoftreesitfundsaren’tsubjecttologging.(该公司还依靠卫星成像来帮助确保其资助的数百万棵树木不会被砍伐。)”可知，卫星成像被用来保护树木不被砍伐。故选C。15．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Whenitcomestobeingaforceforsocialgood,Ecosiaseemstowalkthewalk.Astheclimatemovementworldwidegrows,theinternethasnotescapedscrutinyforitscarbonfootprint—andforgoodreason.InearlyAugust,thecompanyannouncedthatwiththecompletionofitssecondsolarplant,itisreturningenoughrenewableenergytothegridtooffsetmorethan100percentoftheenergyusedbyMicrosofttopowerEcosiasearches.Giventhattreessuckupcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,thestart-upclaimsthateachEcosiainternetsearchactuallyremoves1kgofCO2fromtheatmosphere.(当谈到成为社会公益力量时，Ecosia似乎在实践自己的诺言。随着全球气候运动的发展，互联网并没有逃脱对其碳足迹的审查——这是有充分理由的。8月初，该公司宣布，随着第二座太阳能发电厂的建成，它将向电网提供足够的可再生能源，以抵消微软用于Ecosia搜索的能源。考虑到树木从大气中吸收二氧化碳，这家初创公司声称，每次Ecosia互联网搜索实际上可以从大气中去除1公斤的二氧化碳。)”可推断，Ecosia一直在努力保护环境，故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoueverarguedwithafriend,andsaidordonesomethingyouregretted?Sometimesitcanbehardtoputthingsright,especiallywhenfeelingshavebeenhurt.Apologizingcanunderstandwhyyoufelloutinthefirstplace.____16____Whydoweargue?Youmightthinkyourfootballteamisfantasticbutyourfrienddisagrees;oryoudon’twantsomeonejoininginyourgame.Sometimes,especiallyifyou’reangry,thingscanbeoutofcontrolandyou’llsayordosomethingyouregret.____17____.Arguinganddisagreeingwithothersoccasionallyisnormal—wealldoit—butit’simportanttoresolveyourdifferencesafterwardssobadfeelingsdon’tgetworse.Thisiswhereanapologycanhelp.____18____?Weallmakemistakes,andapologizingisawayofadmittingwe’vegotsomethingwrongandwilltrynottodoitagain.DrJenniferThomas,apsychologist,believesanapologyneedstoshowtheotherpersonthatwe’regenuinelysorry.Meanwhile,weacceptresponsibilityforouractionsandwantforgiveness.Whatifit’snotmyfault?Sometimesanotherpersonmaypressureyouintotakingtheblamewhenit’snotyourfault.Ifyoufeelthisishappening,youhadbettercommunicatewiththem.____19____.Ifyoustillcan’tagree,youcouldaskaparentorteachertohelpyouresolvetheproblem.Doesapologizingalwayswork?Sorryonitsownmightnotalwaysbeenough,sotrytoasktheotherpersonhowtheyfeltwhileyouwerearguing.Explainyoursidetoo,andmakeitclearyou’lltrynottorepeatthesamemistakeagain.____20____.Itmaytaketimeforsomeonetounderstandandforgive.Evenafteryou’vesaidsorry,youcouldstillfeelbadbutyoucanfeelgoodabouttryingtofixthingsandpromisingyourselftodobetternexttime.A.WhatdoessayingsorrymeanB.WeargueforallkindsofreasonsC.WhatdowemakemistakesinlifeD.Agenuineapologyisn’tamagicwandE.HerearesomewaystoapologizetoothersF.KnowinghowtoapologizecanhelpyoubecomefriendsagainG.Trytalkingaboutwhyyouargueatfirstandexplainyourfeeling【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。该文章主要介绍了争吵和内疚的感觉，以及道歉的重要性，尤其是在解决尴尬的情况下。该文章还提出了一些道歉的方式，如承认错误，真诚地向对方道歉，以及试图不再犯同样的错误等。最后，文章提醒我们即使道歉了，也可能需要时间来获得对方的理解和原谅。〖答案〗16.F17.B18.A19.G20.D16．〖解析〗根据前文“Haveyoueverarguedwithafriend,andsaidordonesomethingyouregretted?Sometimesitcanbehardtoputthingsright,especiallywhenfeelingshavebeenhurt.Apologizingcanunderstandwhyyoufelloutinthefirstplace.(你有没有和朋友争吵过，并做出了你后悔的言行？有时候想要弥补过错是很困难的，特别是当感情受到伤害时。道歉可以让对方理解你们为什么会陷入争吵。)”可知，此处强调针对于曾经伤害朋友，与朋友吵架，道歉可以让对方明白为什么你们会陷入争吵即强调道歉的好处。F选项“Knowinghowtoapologizecanhelpyoubecomefriendsagain(知道如何道歉可以帮助你们再次成为朋友)”承上启下，指出道歉的好处，同时需要引起下文，指出我们应该如何道歉，符合语境。故选F。17．〖解析〗根据本段段旨“Whydoweargue?(我们为什么要争论？)”以及空前“

Sometimes,especiallyifyou’reangry,thingscanbeoutofcontrolandyou’llsayordosomethingyouregret.(有时候，特别是当你生气的时候，事情可能会失去控制，你会说或做一些让你后悔的事情。)”可知，此处介绍发生争论的原因。B选项“Weargueforallkindsofreasons(我们有各种各样的理由争论)”承接前文，我们是有着各种各样的理由来争吵的，争论的原因可以是多样的，符合语境。故选B。18．〖解析〗根据后文“

DrJenniferThomas,apsychologist,believesanapologyneedstoshowtheotherpersonthatwe’regenuinelysorry.Meanwhile,weacceptresponsibilityforouractionsandwantforgiveness.(心理学家詹妮弗·托马斯博士认为，道歉需要向对方表明我们真的很抱歉。同时，我们为自己的行为承担责任，希望得到原谅。)”可知，此处强调向别人道歉，说对不起的目的和意义是什么即道歉需要向对方表明我们真的很抱歉。同时，我们为自己的行为承担责任，希望得到原谅。A选项“Whatdoessayingsorrymean(说对不起是什么意思)”可知，本段强调向别人说抱歉，说对不起的意思或者最终的目的是什么，概括本段主要内容，符合语境。故选A。19．〖解析〗根据前文“Ifyoufeelthisishappening,youhadbettercommunicatewiththem.

(如果你觉得这种情况正在发生，你最好与他们沟通。)”可知，此处强调如果发生争吵，要与朋友进行沟通。G选项“Trytalkingaboutwhyyouargueatfirstandexplainyourfeeling(试着谈谈为什么你们一开始会争吵，并解释你的感受)”中解释自己的感受则为沟通的过程，承接前文，符合语境。故选G。20．〖解析〗根据后文“

Itmaytaketimeforsomeonetounderstandandforgive.(别人的理解和原谅可能需要时间。)”可知，有时候真挚的道歉并不一定能够得到朋友的原谅。因为别人的理解和原谅可能需要时间。D选项“Agenuineapologyisn’tamagicwand(真诚的道歉不是魔法棒)”引起下文，指出真挚的道歉不是魔法棒，即道歉之后不一定能够得到朋友的原谅，该选项中Agenuineapology与后文的it形成呼应，符合语境。故选D。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Anybodycangrowolder.Thatdoesn’ttakeanytalentorability.Theideaistogrowupbyalwaysfindingopportunityinchange.Thefirstdayofschoolourprofessorintroducedhimselfand____21____ustogettoknowsomeonewedidn’talreadyknow.Irosetolookaroundwhenagentlehandtouchedmyshoulder.Shesaid,“Hihandsome.MynameisRose.I’m87yearsold.CanIgiveyoua____22____?”Ilaughedand____23____responded“Whynot!”“Whyareyouincollegeatsucha(n)____24____,innocentage?”Iasked.She____25____replied,“I’mheretomeetarichhusband,get____26____,andhaveacoupleofkids…”“Noseriously,”Iasked.Iwascuriouswhatmayhave____27____hertobetakingonthischallengeatherage.“Ialways____28____havingacollegeeducationandnowI’mgettingone!”shetoldme.Afterclasswewalkedtothestudentunionbuildingand____29____achocolatemilkshake.Webecame_____30_____friends.Everydayforthenextthreemonths,wewould_____31_____togetherafterclassandtalk_____32_____.Iwasalwayslisteningtothis“timemachine”asshesharedher_____33_____andexperiencewithme.Overthe_____34_____oftheyear,Rosebecameacampusiconandshe_____35_____madefriendswherevershewent.Attheyear’sendRosefinishedthecollege_____36_____shehadbegunallthoseyearsago.Oneweekafter_____37_____Rosediedpeacefullyinhersleep.Overtwothousandcollegestudentsattendedherfuneralintribute(致敬)tothewonderfulwomanwhotaught_____38_____thatit’snevertoo_____39_____tobeallyoucanpossiblybe.Whenyoufinishreadingthis,pleaseremember,growingolderismandatory(强制性的).Growingupis_____40_____.21.A.persuaded B.challenged C.questioned D.required22.A.laugh B.book C.hand D.hug23.A.actively B.reluctantly C.enthusiastically D.passionately24.A.retired B.old C.young D.senior25.A.jokingly B.seriously C.hurriedly D.happily26.A.involved B.engaged C.married D.touched27.A.forced B.motivated C.cheated D.caught28.A.lackedof B.thoughtof C.consistedof D.dreamedof29.A.made B.bought C.found D.shared30.A.instant B.strong C.permanent D.loyal31.A.join B.have C.leave D.quiz32.A.nonstop B.frankly C.merrily D.first33.A.lesson B.memory C.snack D.wisdom34.A.course B.school C.state D.exam35.A.secretly B.shyly C.closely D.easily36.A.period B.degree C.campus D.tour37.A.dinner B.graduation C.ceremony D.congratulation38.A.atrisk B.inperson C.byexample D.withjoy39.A.late B.early C.much D.little40.A.efficient B.natural C.difficult D.optional【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了87岁的罗斯坚持实现自己上大学的梦想，最终拿到了大学学位。罗斯用实际行动证明：去做最优秀的自己，什么时候开始都不算太晚。〖答案〗21.B22.D23.C24.C25.A26.C27.B28.D29.D30.A31.C32.A33.D34.A35.D36.B37.B38.C39.A40.D21．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：开学第一天，我们的教授做了自我介绍，并向我们发起挑战，让我们去认识一个我们之前不认识的人。A.persuaded劝说；B.challenged挑战；C.questioned正式提问；D.required要求。根据下文“toknowsomeonewedidn’talreadyknow(认识一个我们之前不认识的人)”可推理出，教授向同学们发起一个有挑战性的任务，故选B项。22．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：我可以给你个拥抱吗？A.laugh笑；B.book书；C.hand手；D.hug拥抱。根据上文“toknowsomeonewedidn’talreadyknow(认识一个我们之前不认识的人)”以及“Hihandsome.MynameisRose.(你好，帅哥。我叫罗斯。)”可知罗斯主动站起来向作者打招呼，可推理出，罗斯希望给作者一个拥抱，故选D项。23．〖解析〗考查副词词义辨析。句意：我笑了起来，热情地回答：“当然可以啦！”A.actively积极地；B.reluctantly不情愿地；C.enthusiastically满腔热情地；D.passionately激昂地。根据下文“Whynot(当然可以啦)”可知，作者满腔热情地接受了罗斯的拥抱，故选C项。24．〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。您为什么在如此年轻、如此天真烂漫的年龄上大学？A.retired退休的；B.old老的；C.young年轻的；D.senior资深的。根据下文“innocent(天真烂漫的)”以及“I’mheretomeetarichhusband(我是来找个有钱的老公)”可知，罗斯在和作者开玩笑，空白处应填表示“年轻的”含义的形容词与下文“innocent(天真烂漫的)”形成并列关系，故选C项。25．〖解析〗考查副词词义辨析。句意：她打趣地回答道：“我是来找个有钱的老公，跟他结婚，然后再生几个孩子……”。A.jokingly打趣地；B.seriously严肃地；C.hurriedly仓促地；D.happily高兴地。根据下文“I’mheretomeetarichhusband(我是来找个有钱的老公)”可知，罗斯在开玩笑，故选A项。26．〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.involved受牵扯的；B.engaged忙碌的；C.married已婚的；D.touched受感动的。根据下文“haveacoupleofkids(生几个孩子)”可推理出，上文说的是结婚，故选C项。27．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很好奇，会是什么样的动机促使她在如此高龄来接受这样的挑战。A.forced迫使；B.motivated激发；C.cheated欺骗；D.caught抓住。根据下文“Ialways…havingacollegeeducationandnowI’mgettingone!(我一直有个上大学的……，现在我得到它了)”可知，此处上下文说的是促使罗斯在如此高龄仍然要接受上大学这个挑战的动机，故选B项。28．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.lackedof缺乏；B.thoughtof认为；C.consistedof由……组成；D.dreamedof梦想。根据下文“havingacollegeeducationandnowI’mgettingone!(有个上大学的……，现在我得到了)”可推理出，罗斯现在能上大学了，实现了自己的梦想，所以空白处应填表示“梦想”含义的名词，故选D项。29．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：下课后，我们走进学生会大楼，分享了一杯巧克力奶昔。A.made制作；B.bought买；C.found发现；D.shared分享。根据下文“achocolatemilkshake(一杯巧克力奶昔)”可知，两个人只有一杯巧克力奶昔，可推理出两人分享了一杯巧克力奶昔，故选D项。30．〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们很快成了朋友。A.instant立即的；B.strong强壮的；C.permanent长期的；D.loyal忠诚的。根据上文“Afterclass(下课以后)”可知两人经过了一节课的时间就成为了朋友，说明两人很快成为了朋友，故选A项。31．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的三个月中，我们下课后一起离开，然后一路上聊个不停。A.join加入；B.have拥有；C.leave离开；D.quiz询问。根据下文“afterclass(下课后)”可知，此处上下文说的是下课后两人一起离开教室，故选C项。32．〖解析〗考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.nonstop不停地；B.frankly坦白地；C.merrily快乐地；D.first最初。根据上文“Everydayforthenextthreemonths,wewouldleavetogetherafterclassandtalk(在接下来的三个月里，我们每天放学后都会一起离开，并且交谈)”可知，两个人已经形成了很亲密的友谊，可推理出两人有较多的交谈，分析选项，A项“nonstop不停地”表达的含义符合语境，故选A项。33．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她与我分享她的智慧与人生阅历时，我总是如痴如醉地成为这位“时光机器”的忠实听众。A.lesson课；B.memory记忆；C.snack快餐；D.wisdom智慧。根据下文“experience(经历)”可知，此处上下文说的是罗斯在向作者分享她的人生经历，分析选项，D项“wisdom智慧”表达的含义可以与上文“experience(经历)”形成并列关系，故选D项。34．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一年里，萝丝成为了校园里的偶像，无论走到哪里，她总能很容易地交到朋友。A.course进程；B.school学校；C.state州；D.exam考试。根据下文“oftheyear(这一年)”可知，此处上下文说的是这一年的过程中，故选A项。35．〖解析〗考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.secretly秘密地；B.shyly害羞地；C.closely严密地；D.easily容易地。根据下文“Rosebecameacampusicon(成为了校园里的偶像)”以及“madefriendswherevershewent(无论走到哪里，她总能……交到朋友)”可知，罗斯很受欢迎，可推理出罗斯很容易地交到朋友，故选D项。36．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一年的年底，萝丝完成了她的全部大学学业，这花了她好几年时间。A.period一段时间；B.degree学位；C.campus校园；D.tour旅行。根据上文“IalwaysdreamedofhavingacollegeeducationandnowI’mgettingone!(我一直梦想着接受大学教育，现在我的梦想实现了)”可知罗斯上大学，完成的是大学学业，可推理出，罗斯拿到的是大学学位，故选B项。37．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕业一个星期后，萝丝在睡梦中安详地离开了人世。A.dinner晚餐；B.graduation毕业；C.ceremony典礼；D.congratulation祝贺。根据上文“Attheyear’sendRosefinishedthecollegedegreeshehadbegunallthoseyearsago.(这一年的年底，萝丝完成了她的全部大学学业，这花了她好几年时间)”，可知，此处上下文说的是罗斯大学毕业，故选B项。38．〖解析〗考查介词短语辨析。句意：两千多名大学生参加了她的葬礼，来悼念这位用自己的实际行动教会我们这样一个道理的了不起的女性：去做最优秀的自己，什么时候开始都不算太晚。A.atrisk有危险；B.inperson亲自；C.byexample用实际行动；D.withjoy高兴地。根据上文“IalwaysdreamedofhavingacollegeeducationandnowI’mgettingone!(我一直梦想着接受大学教育，现在我的梦想实现了)”以及“Attheyear’sendRosefinishedthecollegedegreeshehadbegunallthoseyearsago.(这一年的年底，萝丝完成了她的全部大学学业，这花了她好几年时间)”可知，罗斯用实际行动教会了大家：去做最优秀的自己，什么时候开始都不算太晚，故选C项。39．〖解析〗考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.late晚；B.early早；C.much多；D.little少。根据上文“Hihandsome.MynameisRose.I’m87yearsold(