Module 3 Journey to space 课件 2023-2024学年外研版英语八年级下册

外研版英语八年级下册Unit1Hasitarrivedyet?Module3★Keywords&phrases:earth,moon,news,planet,reach,yet,project,latest,on,beupto,noproblem,searchfor,spacetravel

★Keysentences:1.I’vejustmadeamodelspaceshipforourschoolproject.2.Hasitarrivedyet?3.Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.★Dothedrills.LearningTargetsLeadinthesolarsystemMars火星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars,theRedPlanet(Itlooksred.)thesurfaceofMarsThesurfaceofMarsisalittlelikethesurfaceoftheEarth.1969年水手6号Marsprobe火星探测器1969年水手7号MarsExploration1971年火星2号1971年火星3号1996年火星拓荒者2001年火星奥德赛号1996年火星全球探勘者2003年火星探测漫游者2005年火星勘测轨道飞行器2007年凤凰号火星探测器2011年中国萤火一号萤火一号模型印度2013年11月5日发射首个火星探测器—“曼加里安”号（Mangalyaan）。n.地球

n.月亮；月球n.

新闻；消息n.行星v.到达；抵达

adv.

还;尚(用于表示某事在某一时间尚未发生，但未来也许会发生)earthmoonnewsplanetreachyetWordsandexpressionsn.航天器;宇宙飞船n.计划；工程；项目没问题（用于表示乐于做某人要求做的事）adv.

刚才；刚刚

justn.模型modelprojectspaceshipnoproblemadj.

最近的；最新的

latestprep.

在(播放)中；关于……onn.航天器;宇宙飞船discoverv.发现；找到n.宇航员

spaceshipastronaut1Listenandnumberthewordsasyouhearthem.Listeningandvocabularyearth□land□message□moon□news□planet□reach□scientist□81234567Presentation2Listenagainandcompletethenotes.newsaboutthetripto(1)_________journeyof(2)______monthshasnotsentbackany(3)________yethopetofind(4)_______onMarsMarseightmessageslifeLingling:I'mreallyinterestedinthespacetripfromtheearthtoMars.It'ssoexciting!Hasthespaceshiplandedyet?Tony:Idon'tknow.Let'slistentothenewsontheradioandfindout.News:We'vejusthadsomenewsaboutthetriptoMars.ThespaceshiphasTapescriptreachedMarsafterajourneyofeightmonths.Ithasn'tsentbackanymessagesyet,butscientistsarewaiting.Asweknow,thereisn'tanylifeonthemoon,butscientistshopetofindlifeonMarsandotherplanets.ListenandreadEverydayEnglish•Whatareyouupto?…•Sure,noproblem..3Listenandread.Daming:Hi,Tony.Whatareyouupto?Tony:Hi,Daming.I’vejustmadeamodelspaceshipforourschoolproject.Daming:Ihaven’tstartedyetbecauseI’mnotsurehowtomakeit.Canyouhelpme?Tony:Sure,noproblem.Haveyouheardthelatestnews?ScientistshavesentaspaceshiptoMars.Thejourneyhastakenseveralmonths.Daming:Hasitarrivedyet?Tony:Yes,ithasarrivedalready.That’swhyit’sonthenews.Daming:SohavetheydiscoveredlifeonMars?Tony:No,theyhaven’tyet.Daming:Arethereanyastronautsinthespaceship?Tony:No,therearen’t.Daming:Whynot?Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.

Tony:Yes,butnoonehasbeentoMarsyet,becauseMarsisveryfaraway,muchfartherthanthemoon.LotsofscientistsareworkinghardinordertosendastronautstoMarsoneday.Daming:That’sinteresting!HowcanIgetinformationonspacetravel?Tony:Youcangoonlinetosearchforinformation.Daming:Iwill.Thankyou,Tony!WhatschoolprojecthaveDamingandTonygot?Theyhavegotaprojectonspaceship.2.HowdoesDamingfeelabouttheschoolproject?Heisn’tsurehowtomakethemodel.Nowanswerthequestions.3.WhatnewshasTonyheard?ThespaceshiptoMarshasreachedthere.4.HasanyonebeentoMars?Why?NoonehasbeentoMarsyet,becauseMarsisveryfaraway,muchfartherthanthemoon.

Ontoday’snews,Tonyhasheardthatscientistshave(1)____aspaceshiptoMarsandithas(2)_______onthe(3)_____afterajourneyofseveralmonthsfromtheearth.Scientistshavenot(4)_________lifeonMars(5)___.AndnoastronauthaseverbeentoMarsbecauseitisveryfaraway.4Completethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.arrivediscoverplanetsendyetyetsentarrivedplanetdiscovered1.I’vejustmadeamodelspaceshipforourschoolproject.2.Ihaven’tstartedyetbecauseI’mnotsurehowtomakeit.3.Hasitarrivedyet?4.Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.5Listenandunderlinethewordsthespeakerstresses.PronunciationandspeakingWehave…Wehaven’t…sentaunmannedspacecrafttoMars.discoveredlifeonMars.workedonthespacestation.sentanastronauttoMars.sentastronautstothemoon.6Makelistsofwhatwehaveandhavenotdoneinspacetravel.—HavewesentaspaceshiptoMars?—Yes,wehave.But...7Workinpairs.TalkaboutspacetravelwiththelistsinActivity6.1.

Whatareyouupto?你在忙些什么呢？beupto用于表示“正在做某事；忙于某事”。相当于问Whatareyoudoing?

例：Whatisheuptowithallthosebooksonthe

floor?

这么多书放在地上,他在干什么呢？Languagepoints—Whatareyouupto?你在忙什么？—I’mbusywithmyhomework.我忙着写家庭作业。当我们说beuptosb.时，表示“由……决定”。例：Doyouwanttostayorgo?It’suptoyou.

你是要留下还是要走呢？你自己决定。It’suptoyoutodecidewhenyoushoulddoit.

你自己决定你该什么时候做此事。2.I’vejustmadeamodelspaceshipforourschoolproject.我刚刚做完了我们学校项目要求的宇宙飞船模型。just

adv.

刚刚，刚才。常用在现在完成时的肯定句中，常放在助动词have/has的后面。例：IhavejustseenJohn.我刚才见到约翰了。We’vejustseen/watchedthefilm.

我们刚看了这部电影。3.

Ihaven’tstartedyetbecauseI’mnotsurehowtomakeit.我还没开始呢，真不知道怎么做。yet表示“还（末）”，常用在现在完成时的否定句或疑问句中，通常放在句末。例：Wehaven’tfinishedourhomeworkyet.

我们还没把作业写完。Haveyoureceivedherletteryet?你收到她的信了吗？besure后可以接从句，也可以接不定式。例：He’snotsurewhethertheyhavemetbefore.他不太确定他们之前是不是见过面。Sheissuretowinthegame.她确信能赢得比赛。4.Haveyouheardthelatestnews?

你听说最新的消息了吗？

latest

adj.(late的最高级)

最近的，最新的例：Haveyouseenherlatest

movie?你看过最新上映的电影了吗？The

radio

is

broadcasting

the

latest

news

about

the

man-made

satellite.

电台正在播送有关人造卫星的最新消息。

5.Thejourneyhastakenseveralmonths.

它已经在太空中行驶了好几个月了。severaladj.

几个的，数个的（三个以上）例:Severallettersarrivedthismorning.今天上午来了几封信。Severalofyouneedtoworkharder.你们有几个人还需要努力。6.That'swhyit’sonthenews.

这就是它（宇宙飞船）上新闻的原因。thatiswhy...表示“这就是......的原因”。例：Thatiswhyheislate.

这就是他迟到的原因。EveryoneinDublinisfriendly,andthatis

whyIlovethecity.

在都柏林人人都很友好，这就是我喜欢这座城市的原因。7.Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.宇航员已经到过月球了。

alreadyadv.表示“已经，早已”(尤与动词完成时态连用)常放在have/has之后，通常用于肯定句。例：I'vealreadyseenthatfilm,soI'dratherseeanotherone.

我已经看过那部电影了，所以还是看部别

的吧。8.…becauseMarsisveryfaraway…

……因为火星离我们很远……faraway遥远，远离例：Helivesfarawayfromus.他住的地方离我们很远。Thedayisfaraway.为期甚远。1.Whereismypen?I_________itherebutnowIcan'tfindit．

A．put B．havejustputC．wasputting D．hasjustput2.—Hasn'tBettycomeyet?

—No,andI____forherfornearly2hours.

A.wait

B.waited

C.havewaited

D.hadwaited

B

CExercises一、单项选择。3.Mye-mail______toyoulastnight.Haveyoureceivedit____?A.sent;yet B.issent;alreadyC.wassent;yet4.—Whereismylittledog?—It____thebackofthehouse.A.hasgoneto B.hadgonetoC.hasbeento D.hadbeento

C

A5.—HaveyoueverbeentoShanghaiMary?—Yes.I_______thereforthreedayswithmyparentslastmonth.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.wentD.was6.—Areyougoingtotheparty?—No,

becauseI______.A.haveaskedB.haven’taskedC.havebeenaskedD.haven’tbeenasked

B

D1.我们已经到达上海。

We__________________Shanghai.2.他刚刚做完这个模型。

He____________thismodel.3.你曾经去过杭州吗？是的。

_____you___________Hangzhou?Yes,I_____.4.他们听说过这个最近的新闻吗？

Havethey___________________?

havealreadyreached

hasjustmade

Haveeverbeento

heardthislatestnewshave二、根据汉语提示完成句子。5.他母亲去了北京出差。

Hismother__________Beijing___________.6.宇航员还没在火星上发现生命。

Astronauts_____________________onMars___.7.这个女孩在干什么？

What__thisgirl_____?8.我花了两天时间到达这里。

Ithas_____me________________there.

hasgonetohaven’tdiscoveredlife

isupto

takentwodaystoget

yet

onbusiness9.许多宇航员在太空工作。

Manyastronautshave___________________.10.你可以把你的相片展示给朋友看吗？

Canyou_____yourphotos___friends?11.他知道很多关于太空的知识。

Heknows________________.12.明天她将把它带回来。

She_______________tomorrow.workedonthespace

showto

alotaboutspace

willbringitback

Summary1.Welearnsomenewphrasessuchas:noproblem,faraway,searchforinformation...2.Keysentencepatterns:(1)Whatareyouupto?(2)I’vejustmadeamodelspaceshipforourschoolproject....外研版英语八年级下册Unit2Wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.

Module3LearningTargets★Keywords&phrases:none,environment,that,solar,system,group,galaxy,universe,light,impossible,out,communicate,solorsystem,billionsof,inspace,communicatewith★Keysentences:1.However,wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.2.

Noneofthemhasanenvironmentlikethatoftheearth…3.Scientistshavealsodiscoveredmanyothergalaxiesintheuniverse.4.However,nospaceshiphastravelledfarenoughtoreachotherstarsinourGalaxy.★Dothedrills.Leadin1.Howmanyplanetsarethereinoursolarsystem?2.Isthereanylifeonotherplanets?Putthewordsandexpressionsintheboxinorder:small–large.

galaxy,planet,solarsystem,star,universe

3213451.planet2.star3.solarsystem4.galaxy5.universe月球地球地月系太阳系其他行星—卫星系天体系统的层次河外星系其他恒星系银河系总星系TheMilkyWayGalaxy银河系主体部分的直径约为10万光年银河系银河系有太阳这样的恒星2000多亿颗TheMilkyWayGalaxyThesolarsystemtheearththesunthemoonMarsSaturn土星Venus金星

Mercury

水星Jupiter

木星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星没有一人；没有一个；一点儿也没有nonen.环境environmentpron.那,那个solaradj.太阳的;与太阳有关的n.系统；体系

thatsystem星系;（尤指）太阳系solarsystemWordsandexpressionsn.群；组groupn.星系galaxyn.宇宙lightn.光；光线；光亮adj.办不到的,不可能的universeimpossiblev.联系；交流communicateadv.在远方outShenzhou-9isamannedspaceship.1Workinpairs.LookatthepictureandtalkaboutwhatyouknowaboutChinesespaceships.ReadingandvocabularyPresentationWhenyoureadapassagewithatitleandpictures,thinkaboutthewordsyoumayfindinthepassage,andthequestionsyoumaywanttoaskbeforeyoustarttoread.Learningtolearn2Readthepassageandchoosethebesttitleforit.Anyoneoutthere?Lifeontheearth3.Thesunandotherstars4.Thestarsatnight________________________________Scientiststhinkthattherehasbeenlifeontheearthforhundredsofmillionsofyears.However,wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.1.Anyoneoutthere?Theearthisaplanetanditgoesaroundthesun.Sevenotherplanetsalsogoaroundthesun.Noneofthemhasanenvironmentlikethatoftheearth,soscientistsdonotthinktheywillfindlifeonthem.Thesunanditsplanetsarecalledthesolarsystem,andoursolarsystemisasmallpartofamuchlargergroupofstarsandplanets,calledtheGalaxyortheMilkyWay.TherearebillionsofstarsintheGalaxy,andoursunisonlyoneofthem.Scientistshavealsodiscoveredmanyothergalaxiesintheuniverse.Theyareveryfarawayandtheirlighthastotravelformanyyearstoreachus.Sohowlargeistheuniverse?Itisimpossibletoimagine.ScientistshavesentspaceshipstotheplanetMarstotakephotos.Theyhaveevensentspaceshipstotraveloutsidethesolarsystem.However,nospaceshiphastravelledfarenoughtoreachotherstarsinourGalaxy.Scientistshavealwaysaskedthequestions:withsomanystarsintheuniverse,arewealone,oristherelifeoutthereinspace?Havetherebeenvisitorstotheearthfromotherplanets?Whyhasnoonecommunicatedwithus?Wedonotknowtheanswers...yet.1.Theearthisastar. □2.Thesunisastar. □3.Thereismorethanonegalaxyintheuniverse. □

3Check(√)thetruesentences.√√4.Thelightfromthestarsinothergalaxieshastravelledforalongtimetoreachus.□5.Scientistshavereceivedmanymessagesfromspace. □6.Spaceshipshavevisitedmostoftheuniverse. □

√Istherelifeonotherplanets?Therearesevenotherplanetsinour(1)___________,but(2)_____ofthemhasa(n)(3)___________likethatoftheearth.Spaceshipsfromthe4Completethepassagewiththewordsandexpressioninthebox.communicateenvironmentnonesolarsystemuniversesolarsystemnoneenvironmentearthhavedonesurveysoftheotherplanets,buttheyhavenotfoundanylifethere.Whyhasnoonefromotherplanetstriedto(4)____________withus?Itistruethatscientistshavenotdiscoveredlifeonotherplanetsinthe(5)_________yet,butsomescientistsbelievethattheywillfinditsomeday.communicateuniverse6Lookatthepicturefromasciencestoryforchildrenandanswerthequestions.WritingWhathavethescientistsjustreceived?(amessagefromoneofourspaceships)Theyhavejustreceivedamessagefromoneofourspaceships.Wherehasthespaceshiplanded?(Mars)2.Whathasthespaceshipdiscovered?(peopleonMars)ThespaceshiphaslandedonMars.ThespaceshiphasdiscoveredpeopleonMars.3.WhyhavethepeopleonMarsnotsentusamessage?(donotknowhowto)4.WhyhavethepeopleonMarsnotvisitedusontheearth?(donotknowhowto)Becausetheydonotknowhowtosentamessagetous.Becausetheydonotknowhowtogettotheearth.6Writeapassagetodescribethepicture.UseyouranswerstothequestionsinActivity5tohelpyou.WehavejustreceivedamessagefromourspaceshiptoMars…WehavejustreceivedamessagefromourspaceshiptoMars.Ourspaceshiphasdiscoveredaliensthere.Theyhaveneversentusamessagebecausetheydon'tknowhowtocommunicatewithus.Theyhavenotvisitedtheearthbecausetheydon'tknowhowtoflytoourplanet,andtheypreferlifeonMars.Theyseemveryhappyontheirownplanet.TheyhaveusedpartsfromtheotherspaceshipsfromtheearthtomakeTVs,radios,etc.Wehopetheydon'tdothesamewiththisone!Onepossibleversion1.Scientiststhinkthattherehasbeenlifeontheearthforhundredsofmillionsofyears.科学家认为地球上的生命已存在了数亿年。

hundredsofmillionsof数亿……例：Wepaidhundredsofmillionsofdollarsintaxes.我们交纳了数亿美元的税金。Languagepoints数词在表示模糊数目的短语中用复数形式，且后面要加上of。hundredsof数以百计的thousandsof数以千计的millionsof数以百万计的billionsof数以亿计的,数十亿的百、千、百万、十亿如果和具体数字连用，百、千、百万、十亿须用单数形式。例：sixhundredtwothousandninemillionsevenbillion1.Itissaidthatthediseasehaskilledmorethan________peopleworldwide.A.twohundreds B.twohundreds’C.twohundred’s D.twohundred2.______ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwell.A.Thousand B.Thousands C.ThousandofD.ThousandsofDD学以致用2.

Theearthisaplanetanditgoesaroundthesun.Sevenotherplanetsalsogoaroundthesun.

地球是颗行星，它围绕着太阳转。此外还有七颗行星也围绕着太阳转。1)七颗行星指的是：水星（Mercury)、金星(Venus)、火星(Mars)、木星(Jupiter)、土星（Saturn)、天王星(Uranus)和海王星(Neptune)。2)goaround绕着……运转例：TheearthgoesaroundtheSun.

地球绕着太阳转。

Let'sgoaroundthetown,notthroughit.我们绕过这城镇吧，不要穿过去了。3)

other/theother/others/another这几个相类似的词容易弄混淆，其实意思大相径庭。other其它的（人或物）,后面经常跟可数名词复数形式；例：Wehaven’tfoundlifeonotherplanetsyet.

我们还没有在其它的星球上发现生命。（其他的星球不可能只有一个）theother（两者中的）另一个,后面不可能跟复数形式；例：Hehastwodaughters.Oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.

他有两个女儿，一个是老师，另一个是医生。（有且只有两个，两者中的另一个）others其它的人或物（已经包括在内）,后面不能跟名词，本身就含有名词的含义；例：Somepeoplecamebycar,otherscameonfoot.有些人是坐汽车来的，其他人是走着来的。（others后面不能再加名词）another（三者以上中的，或不知道数量的）另一个,后面也不可跟复数形式。例：Wouldyoulike

anothercupoftea?

你要再来有一杯茶吗？（泛指再来一杯）4)alsoadv.也，同样；而且（不与否定式动词连用）例：ShespeaksFrenchandGermanand

alsoalittleRussian.

她会说法语、德语，还会说一点儿俄语。

Heisyoungandgood-looking,andalsoveryrich.

他又年轻又帅气，而且还很富有。

IteachfivedaysaweekandIalsoteacheveningclasses.

我每星期教五天，而且还教晚上的课。比较：also/too/aswellalso,too,aswell都指句中有关词语与前面提到的事物相结合或相一致，这三个词语的雅俗程度和在句中的位置有所不同。

also含较庄重色彩，通常用于主要动词之前（但若主要动词为be，则放于其后）例：I’vemetJaneandI’vealsomethermother.

我已经见到了简，我也见到了她的母亲。

Shewasrich,andshewasalso

selfish.

她很富，她也很自私。too和aswell比较通俗，通常用于从句的句尾。例：I’vereadthebookandI’veseenthefilmaswell/too.我看过这本书，也看过这部电影。3.Noneofthemhasanenvironmentlikethatoftheearth…

没有一颗行星拥有与地球一样的环境……none

表示（三个以上）一个也没有。意为“没有一个人/东西”。none作主语时，谓语的单复数形式要根据实际情况来定。例：NoneofthemhasbeentoBeijing.

他们中没有一个人到过北京。（none指代可数名词，强调单一性，谓语用单数形式）Noneofthemwereawareofthedanger.

他们都没有意识到危险。（none指代可数名词，强调整体性，谓语用复数形式）

Noneofthemoneyishis.

这些钱没有他的份儿。（none指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式）4....andoursolarsystemisasmallpartofamuchlargergroupofstarsandplanets,calledtheGalaxyortheMilkyWay.……我们的太阳系只是一个由恒星和行星组成的星系的一小部分，这个星系比太阳系大得多，称作银河系或银河。

这里的theGalaxy专指“银河系”，也可以称作theMilkyWay。而galaxy则泛指“星系”。例：Scientistshavediscoveredadistantgalaxy.

科学家发现了一个遥远的星系。本句中called

theGalaxyortheMilkyWay为过去分词短语做定语，修饰amuchlargergroupofstarsandplanets。类似的例子还有：Theyhaveatwo-year-oldsoncalledMike.

他们有一个两岁的儿子叫迈克。5.However,nospaceshiphastravelledfarenoughtoreachotherstarsinourGalaxy.

然而，还没有任何航天器能到达银河系里的其他恒星。形容词/副词+enoughtodo表示“到达……程度，会发生某结果”。例：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.

他到上学的年龄了。Hegotupearlyenoughtocatchthefirstbus.

他起得很早，赶上了首班车。6....withsomanystarsintheuniverse,arewealone,oristherelifeoutthereinspace?……宇宙中有这么多星球，我们是孤独的

吗，抑或太空中还有其他生命存在呢？这里withsomanystarsintheuniverse是介词短语，在句中作状语。with+名词+介词短语,在句中做状语，表示伴随情况。例：Withsomanythingstodo,wehavenotimetoplay.

要做的事情这么多，我们都没时间玩了。aloneadj.单独的；独自的。作形容词时不作定语只作表语,也可作副词。意思是“独自地”。例：Idon’tlikegoingoutaloneafterdark.

我不喜欢天黑后独自外出。比较：alone/lonelyalone表示独自一人；lonely表示心灵上的孤单。例：AlthoughI’malone,Idon’tfeellonely.

虽然我独自一人，但是我不感到孤单。1.Intheworld___peoplelikewatchingTV.A.millionsofB.twomillionsC.twomillionofD.twomillionof

AExercises2.Basketballissuchapopulargameintheworldthat____peopleplayitforfunandexercise.A.millionof

B.millionsof

C.millions

D.twomillionsofB一、单项选择。3.___girlstookpartintheSuperGirlCompetition,butonlyafewofthemsucceeded.

A.Onemillionof

B.Millionsof

C.TwomillionsD.Twomillionof4.Everyyear____peopleinthiscountrylosetheirjobs.A.manymillions

B.millionsof

C.millions

D.twomillions

B

B5.Thespaceship______willgoaroundtheearthin2005willbecalledShenzhouⅦ.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what

6.Afterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour,thestudentstook_____rest.A.afewminute’sB.afewminutes’C.alittleminute’sD.alittle

A

B7.—Howheavilyitrainedthisearlymorning!—Yes.But________ofthestudentsinourclasswaslateforschool.A.someB.noneC.allD.neither8.Itriedseveraljacketson,but____ofthemlookedgood.A.both

B.either

C.none

D.neitherBC1.地球是行星，它围绕太阳运转。

TheEarthisaplanetandit_____________theSun.2.为什么不把书带回来？

____________________thebook?3.没有一个学生去过英国。

_______thestudents__________England.goesaroundWhynotbringbackNoneofhasbeento二、根据汉语提示完成句子。4.完成今天的作业不容易。

_______________today’shomework.5.我刚读过有关火星的书。

I____________books_____Mars.6.从其他星系到我们这里要花费很多年。

It_____manyyears_______usfromothergalaxies.It’shardtofinishhavejustreadabouttakestoreachSummary1.Welearnsomenewphrasessuchas:hundredsofmillionsof,goaround...2.Keysentencepatterns:Scientiststhinkthattherehasbeenlifeontheearthforhundredsofmillionsofyears....外研版英语八年级下册Unit3Languageinuse

Module3LearningTargets★Keysentences:1.I'vejustmadeamodelspaceship.2.Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.3.Hasitarrivedyet?4.Wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.1.Tosummarizeandconsolidatetheuseofpresentperfecttensewithjust,yetandalready;2.Tobeabletounderstandlisteningandreadingmaterialsonspacereavel.ScientistshavesentspaceshiptoMars.Thejourneyhastakenseveralmonths.RevisionAstronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.NoonehasbeentoMarsyet,becauseMarsisveryfaraway,muchfartherthanthemoon.Scientistshave

alsodiscoveredmanyothergalaxiesintheuniverse.

ScientistshavesentspaceshiptotheplanetMarstotakephotos.Theyhave

evensentspaceshipstotraveloutsidethesolarsystem.NospaceshiphastravelledfarenoughtoreachotherstarsinourGalaxy.Lookattheunderlinedpartsandthinkaboutthem.1.I’vejustmadeamodelspaceship.2.Hasitarrivedyet?3.Astronautshavealreadybeento

themoon.4.Wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.Grammar现在完成时是指“过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响”而且“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成”。在现在完成时的句子中，already(已经)、just(刚刚)常用于肯定句，放在have和has的后面。yet(还、尚、仍然)常用于否定句和疑问句,（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末）。现在完成时(1)现在完成时(2)当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分别用just,already或yet加以强调或说明。例：Ihavejustheardthenews.我刚听到消息。Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.宇航员已经去过月球了。Hehasjuststartedtoexploreotherplanets.我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。可以看出，just用来表示“刚刚”，already用来表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于have/has之后。在否定句中则可用yet,表示“还未”，有“以后可以会”的含义。例：Thescientistshavenotheardfromityet.科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。Manhasnotdiscoveredanylifeinspaceyet.

人类尚未在太空中发现生命。

另外，在使用现在完成时的时候，要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例：IhavejustbeentoLondon.Iwenttherelastmonth.我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ifinisheditanhourago.我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢？判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：A:Wherehaveyouputmybook?Ican’tfindit.

你把我的书放哪儿去了？我找不到它。B:Iputitonyourdeskyesterday.

我昨天放你桌子上了。该对话中，当A问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是B回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话：A:Wouldyouliketogoandseethefilmwithmetonight?

你今晚想和我去看电影吗？B:Sorry,Ihaveseenitalready.

不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。【辨析】havebeento

与havegoneto（1）havegoneto表示“已到达某地”。说话时该人不在现场，强调尚未回来（go是方向性动词）。例：—WhereisJim?吉姆在哪里？—HehasgonetoBeijing他去北京了。（2）havebeento表示“曾经去过某地”。现在已经不在那里了（be是表示状态），后可接次数，如once、twice、threetimes等，表示“去过某地几次”。也可和just、never和ever等连用。例：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.

我去过北京两次。

【拓展】havebeenat/in表示“在某地待了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用。例：IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.

我来上海已有三年了。SpaceshiponMars!Astronautshave(1)________beentothemoonbuttheyhavenotbeentoanyotherplanets.However,aspaceshiphas(2)_______arrivedonMarsandithas(3)_______sentbackphotosoftheredplanet.IstherelifeonMars?Wedonotknow(4)________.alreadyjustalreadyyet1Completethenewswithalready,justandyet.PresentationThespaceshiphasgonetoMars.Ithasgonethere,butithasnotcomebackyet.Astronautshavebeentothemoon.Theywentthereandthentheycameback.2Lookatthesesentences.1.Astronautshavebeen/gonetothemoonandreturned.2.Thespaceshiphasbeen/goneintospace.Itwilltravelfortendays.Nowchoosethecorrectanswer.3.Theastronauthasbeen/gonetothespacestation.Hewillcomebacktomorrow.4.Thespaceshiphasbeen/gonetothespacestation.Itbroughtbacktwoastronauts.3Completethesentenceswiththeexpressionsinthebox.have/hasbeenhave/hasgone1.Aspaceship____________toMars.Itiscomingbacktotheearthnextyear.hasgone2.Lotsofastronauts___________tothespacestation.Theyfounditveryinteresting.3.Someastronauts____________tothemoontwice.4.TwoBritishastronauts__________tothespacestation.TheywillcomebackinJanuary.havebeenhavebeenhavegoneNicky:I’vejust(1)________(watch)agreatTVprogrammeaboutspace.Didyouknowthatscientistshave(2)__________(discover)wateronMars?Bill:Yes,Idid.Andscientists(3)__________(tr