开链烷烃的英文命名课件

EnglishNamingCoursewareforOpenChainAlkanesBasicconceptsofopenchainaNamingrulesforopenchainalTheEnglishNamingmethodforNamingexercisesforopenchainIssuestobenotedinthenamicontents目录01BasicconceptsofopenchainaAnopenchainalkane(alsoknownasalinearhydrocarbon)isahydrocarbonmoleculethatcontainsachainlikestructureofcarbonatomslinkedtogetherbysinglebondsDefinitionOpenchainalkanespositionsseveralcommonproperties,includingsolubilityinwater,lowsolubilityinorganicsolvents,andahightensiontoformdropletswhendispersedinwaterPropertiesDefinitionandPropertiesClassificationbasedoncarbonnumberOpenchainalkanescanbeclassifiedintocategoriesbasedonthenumberofcarbonatomstheycontain,suchasbutane(C4),pentane(C5),hexane(C6),etcClassificationbasedonstructureOpenchainalkanescanalsobeclassifiedintocategoriesbasedontheirstructuralcharacteristics,suchasmonosubstituted,disubstituted,andtrisubstitutedalkanesClassificationofopenchainaMonosubstitutedalkanes01ThesealkaneshaveasinglesubstituentgroupattachedtoonecarbonatomForexample,methane(CH4)isamonosubstitutedalkaneDisubstituteddeals02ThesedealshavetwosubsidiarygroupsattachedtodifferentcarbonatomsForexample,ethane(C2H6)isadisubstitutedalkaneTriplesubstitutedalkanes03ThesealkaneshavethreesubstituentgroupsattachedtodifferentcarbonatomsForexample,propane(C3H8)isatrisubstitutedalkaneThestructuralcharacteristics02NamingrulesforopenchainalUpto5carbonatoms,thecustomarynomenclatureisusedFormorethan5carbonatoms,thecustomarynomenclatureisnotsuitableCustomernomenclatureLongchaindealsShortchaindealsTheIUPACrecommendationsareusedforthesystematicnamingoflongchainalloysThenumberofcarbonatomsisgivenfirst,followedbythenumberofdoublebondsThelongestcarbonchainistakenasthebasisforNamingIftherearemorethanonedoublebond,theyaregiveninorderofincreasingcarbonnumberSystemNaming0102CommonnamenamingsystemForlongchainalkanes,thecommonnamesarenotusedForshortchainalkanes,thecommonnamesareused03TheEnglishNamingmethodfor1.Alkanesarenamedusingthelongestcarbonchainthatcontainsthefunctionalgroup2.Thecarbonchainisdeterminedbythefunctionalgroup,whichisthegroupthatdeterminesthereactivityofthemolecule3.ThecarbonchainisnamedusingtheappropriateprefixandsuffixtodescribethelengthandtypeofthemoleculeBasicPrinciplesofEnglishNamingStepsforNaminginEnglishIdentifythefunctionalgroup:DeterminethetypeofreactivegroupthatthemoleculecontainsThiswilldeterminetheprefixandsuffixusedtonamethemoleculeDeterminethecarbonchainlength:CountthenumberofcarsinthelongestcarbonchainthatcontainsthefunctionalgroupThiswilldeterminetheprefixusedtonamethemoleculeNamethecarbonchain:AssignanametothecarbonchainusingtheappropriateprefixandsuffixbasedonthelengthandtypeofthemoleculeNamethefunctionalgroup:Assignanametothefunctionalgroupusingtheappropriateprefixandsuffixbasedonitslocationandtype1.Identifythefunctionalgroup:Themoleculecontainsacarboxylicacidgroup,whichisanacidreactivegroup2.Determinethelengthofthecarbonchain:Thelongestcarbonchaincontains8cars3.Namethecarbonchain:Thecarbonchainisnamed"octanoic"becauseitcontains8carbonandisacarboxylicacidderivative4.Namethefunctionalgroup:Thecarboxylicacidgroupisnamed"acid"becauseitisanacidreactivegroupAnExampleAnalysisofEnglish04NamingexercisesforopenchainExercise1:NamethefollowingalkanesNamingExerciseCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH3NamingExerciseCH3(CH3)2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)2Exercise2:NamethefollowingalkanesNamingExerciseCH3(CH2)4CH3CH3(CH2)2CH(CH3)2CH3(CH2)3CH(CH3)2NamingExerciseCH3(CH2)5CH3CH3(CH2)6CH3NamingExerciseExercise1:NamethefollowingalkanesNamingExercise03CH3(CH2)3CH(CH3)201CH3(CH2)4CH302CH3(CH2)2CH(CH3)2NamingExercise123CH3(CH2)5CH3CH3(CH2)6CH3Exercise2:NamethefollowingalkanesNamingExercise01CH3(CH2)4COOH02CH3(CH2)4CHO03CH3(CH2)4COOEtNamingExerciseCH3(CH2)4COOHCH3(CH2)4COOEtNamingExerciseCH3(CH2)4COOHCH3(CH2)4COOEtCH3(CH2)4COOEtExercise1:NamethefollowingalkanesCH3(CH2)4CHOCH3(CH2)4COOH010203040506NamingExerciseThree05IssuestobenotedinthenamiLongchainbranchedaccountsWhennaminglongchainbranchedaccounts,itiseasytomissthepositionofthebranchandthelengthofthemainchain,soitisnecessarytopayattentiontothecorrectdescriptionofthepositionofthebranchandthelengthofthemainchain要点一要点二AlkaneisomernamesAlkaneisomershavedifferentnames,soitisnecessarytodifferentiatethemthroughstructuralformulasandchemicalnamesToavoidfusionofisomersIntheprocessofnaming,itisnecessarytopayattentiontotheuseofcommonEnglishwords,andavoidusingwordsthatarenotcommonlyusedorhavespecialmeansPayattentiontotheuseofcommonEnglishwordsIntheprocessofnaming,itisnecessarytopayattentiontotheuseofidiomaticexpressions,andavoidusingwordsthatarenotidioma