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Module8Businesstopic:ManufacturingprocessesGraffitiaproblem?JustwashitThepassiveSupplyanddemand/ProductionphilosophyJust-In-Time(JIT)Businessskills:ProblemsadsolutionsSolvingproblemsUseaSmartLidWhenandIfCollocations(词语搭配)withproblemsWe’vegotaproblem(casepractice)P76ReadthearticleThenameofthecompanyWhatkindofproductsthecompanymakesWhousestheproductsHubdeanGraffitiresistantpaints,andanti-graffititreatmentLocalcouncilsandprivatecompaniesalloverUKPassive不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.ThismachinewasmadeinGermany.Thecompanywasestablishedin1950.Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.Thisbookwaspublishedlastyear.Thewindowwasbroken.不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态

Appear/disappearDieEndFailHappenLast持续LieRemainSitSpreadstandbreakout突发,爆发cometrue成真

fallasleepkeepsilenceloseheart失去勇气,丧失信心takeplace发生P77Exercise5Ifthereisadelay,theclient____________________________________.Thenewsystem____________________________________.We____________________________________.Production____________________________________.Thearea____________________________________.IsinformedIsbeingtestedWereshownaroundthefactoryHasbeenincreasedWillbecleanedtomorrowExercise6ManageFacedAreusedWerebeingvandalisedTried6.Wascleanedoff7.Weredefaced8.Contacted9.Haveworked10.HavebeenprotectedDisposable用完即弃的Eliminate消除,消灭EliminationFinancialreturn金融回报Frustrated挫折的,泄气的Gooff离开,消失,变质Innovation创新Interrupt打断,妨碍InterruptionInventory存货清单Loadingbay装卸湾Maintenance保养,维护Mechanism机构,机制Philosophy哲学,理论Poka-yoke防差错技术Prevent防止Rawmaterials原材料Reliable可靠的Scenario设想,方案Supplyanddemand供求Surface表面Treatment处理,治疗Underlicense领有执照Vandal故意破坏者Gooutofbusiness破产Inabuyer’smarket在买方市场Meetthestandards符合标准TotalQualityControl(TQM)Turnred/blue/green…P78DefinitionsAutomatedCapacityDeliveryDemandHandmadeOrdermakeautomaticorcontroloroperateautomatically.theamountthatcanbecontained.theactofdeliveringordistributingsomething.theabilityanddesiretopurchasegoodsandservices.madebyhandorahandprocess.arequestforsomethingtobemade,supplied,orserved.OutputPlantProduceProductSupplyWarehousethequantityofsomething(asacommodity)thatiscreated.buildingsforcarryingonindustriallabor.createormanufactureaman-madeproduct.commoditiesofferedforsale.offeringgoodsandservicesforsale.astorehouseforgoodsandmerchandise.Exercise2WarehouseOrdersDemandAutomatedCapacityProductsExercise3SupplyPlantahandmadeProduceOutputDeliveriesProductionPhilosophyJFBCGEIADHJustInTime(JIT)Productionmethodtodescribetheconditionwherethereisnoexcessinventorycarriedinstockandproductionisfedbymaterialsarriving“justintime”forproduction.

利用即时送达的材料来供应生产,以达到无过剩库存的情况。AninventorystrategyInventoryisprobablyoneofthetwobiggestassetsonyourcompany‘sbalancesheet.Itisanimportantdeterminant(决定因素)ofReturnOnAssets(ROA资产收益率)andothermeasuresoffinancialperformance.(财务业绩)Carryingstockisexpensive,usually20%-40%oftheaveragevalueperyear.Itwastescapital--capitalthebusinessmayneedforgrowth.Itrequireslargewarehousesandvaluablefloorspace.Largestocksrequiremassivecomputersystemsfortrackingandcontrol.

JustInTimeandTheToyotaProductionSystemTheJapanesestudiedAmericanproductionmethodswithparticularattentiontoFordpracticesandtheStatisticalQualityControlpracticesofIshikawa,EdwardsDeming,andJosephJuran.AtToyotaMotorCompany,TaichiiOhnoand

ShigeoShingo,begantoincorporate(合并)Fordproduction

andothertechniquesintoanapproachcalled

ToyotaProductionSystem

orJustInTime.

TheToyotapeoplealsorecognizedthattheFordsystemhadcontradictionsandshortcomings,particularlywithrespecttoemployees.Toyotasoondiscoveredthatfactoryworkershadfarmoretocontributethanjustmusclepower.Thisdiscoveryprobablyoriginatedinthe

QualityCirclemovement.Ishikawa,Deming,andJuranallmademajorcontributionstothequalitymovement.Anotherkeydiscoveryinvolvedproductvariety.TheFordsystemwasbuiltaroundasingle,neverchangingproduct.Itdidnotcopewellwithmultipleornewproducts.

Whentheproductivityandqualitygainsbecameevidenttotheoutsideworld,AmericanexecutivestraveledtoJapantostudyit.QualityCircleQualityCircleisoneoftheemployeeparticipationmethods.Itimpliesthedevelopmentofskills,capabilities,confidenceandcreativityofthepeoplethroughcumulativeprocessofeducation,training,workexperienceandparticipation.Italsoimpliesthecreationoffacilitativeconditionsandenvironmentofwork,whichcreatesandsustainstheirmotivationandcommitmenttowardsworkexcellence.asmallgroupof6to12employeesdoingsimilarworkmeettogetheronaregularbasistoidentifyimprovementsintheirrespectiveworkareasusingproventechniquesforanalysingandsolvingworkrelatedproblemsTheconceptofQualityCirclebaseduponrecognitionofthevalueoftheworkerasahumanbeing,assomeonewhowillinglycontributesonhisjob,hiswisdom,intelligence,experience,attitudeandfeelings.Ithasthreemajorattributes:QualityCircleisaformofparticipationmanagement.QualityCircleisahumanresourcedevelopmenttechnique.QualityCircleisaproblemsolvingtechnique.ObjectiveofQualityCircleChangeinAttitude

FromIDON’TcaretoIDOcare.ContinuousimprovementinqualityofworklifeSelfDevelopmentDevelopmentofTeamSpiritIcouldnotdobutwediditEliminateinterdepartmentalconflicts.ImprovedOrganisationalCulturePositiveworkingenvironment.

Totalinvolvementofpeopleatalllevels.

Highermotivationallevel.

ParticipateManagementprocess

WhatwasdoneatFordMotorcompanytoeliminatestoragecost?WhatnamewasgiventotheJITconceptattheToyotaMotorCorporation?WhatisthemainobjectiveofJIT?Rawmaterialsweretakenstraighttothefactoryfloor.TheToyotaProductionSystemToeliminatewasteandimproveproductivity.Howmanysortsofwastehavebeeneliminatedinleanmanufacturing(精益生产)?Whatarethey?WhichsentenceisthesummaryoftheJITphilosophy?Seven:Overproduction;Excesstransportation;Excessinventory;waitingtime;processing(处理);motion(移动)andproductiondefects.Havingtherightamountoftherightmaterial,intherightplace,attherighttime.Additive 上瘾的adjAdvertise 广告nAssemblyline 流水线nBacterium/bacteria 细菌nCatastrophe 大灾难,大祸nClosedcircuitTV 闭路电视nCompatible/compatibility 兼容的adj/兼容性nComponent 组件nDedicate/dedicated 奉献/有奉献精神的Deface 破坏,磨损vtDefect 瑕疵,故障,缺点nDetect 发现,探测,检定vtPoka-yokeaJapanesetermthatmeans"fail-safing"or"mistake-proofing".Itwasoriginallydescribedasbaka-yoke,butasthismeans"fool-proofing.Aprocessthathelpsanequipmentoperatoravoidmistakes.Itspurposeistoeliminateproductdefectsbypreventing,correcting,ordrawingattentiontohumanerrorsastheyoccur.

Examplesofpoka-yokeinconsumerproductsTheinabilitytoremoveacarkeyfromtheignitionswitchofanautomobileiftheautomatictransmissionisnotfirstputinthe"Park"position,sothatthedrivercannotleavethecarinanunsafeparkingconditionwherethewheelsarenotlockedagainstmovement.3.5"floppydisks:thetop-rightcornerisshapedinacertainwaysothatthediskcannotbeinsertedupside-down.UK13ampelectricplugs:itisimpossibletowronglyinserttheplugintothesocket,duetoitsarrangementofthreerectangularpins.Microwaveovens:adoorswitchautomaticallydisconnectstheactivationbuttonwhenthedooroftheovenisopened.Asaresult,itisimpossibletocookanythinginamicrowaveovenunlessthedoorisfullyclosed.SIM(SubscriberIdentityModule)cards:TheSIMcardusedincellularphoneshasitsupperleftcornertrimmeddiagonallytoguidethecardcorrectlyintoposition.

SolvingProblems:Exercise2Workinpairs.BrainstormideastofindaPoka-Yokeway.LabellingSoundTankdesignDetectorAlarmMonitorShepherdReinforcethefenceIncreasecow’sactivitygroundDeviceCamera+monitorAlarmsoundAlarmsystemMonitorsystemWrongfuelGetstuckinthedoorCowescapingUsedifferentmeasuresofdiameterofthetubes.Opticalcellstostopdoorsfromclosingwhenpeoplearegettingon/off.Stonestomakethegatecloseautomatically.Exercise4Preventamistakefrombecomingacatastrophe(大灾难).Itonlyfitstherighttank.Stopthedoorsfromclosingwhenpeoplearegettingoff.Tomakethegatecloseautomatically.TotalQualityManagement(TQM)AmanagementconceptcoinedbyEdwardsDeming.ThebasisofTQM:toreducetheerrorsproducedduringthemanufacturingorserviceprocess.toincreasecustomersatisfaction,supplychainmanagement.toaimformodernizationofequipmentandensureworkershavethehighestleveloftraining.

OneofthePrincipalAimstolimiterrorsto

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