中考英语语法重点回顾

汇报人：XX2024-02-05中考英语语法重点回顾目录VerbTenseandVoiceSelectionofguidewordsfornounclausesSelectionofrelevantpronunciationsandadvertisementsinrelevantclausesTheapplicationofsubconjunctivemoodinvarioussensestructuresModalverbsindicatespecificationandlikelihood01VerbTenseandVoicePresenttenseexpressionsactionsorstatesthatoccurinthepresentationtime,usingverbsintheirbaseform(e.g.,"Iwalk"or"Shesings")expressionsactionsthatarehappeningnowandofsuggestionstemporaryorongingactions(e.g.,"Iamwalking"or"Theyareplaying")todescribehats,routes,generaltruths,andstatesthatexistnowtodescribeactionshappeningatthemomentofspeaking,toexpressfuturearrangements,andtoemphasizethetemporarynatureofanactionPresentcontinuoustenseUseofpresenttenseUseofpresentcontinuoustensePresenttenseandpresentcontinuoustenseSimplepasttense:expressionsactionsorstatesthatoccurredinthepast,usingverbswith"-ed"endingsorirregularforms(e.g.,"Iwalked"or"Shesang")Pastcontinuoustense:expressionsactionsthatwerehappeningataspecifictimeinthepastandoftensuggestedinterruptedorongingactions(e.g.,"Iwaswalking"or"Theywereplaying")Useofsimplepasttense:todescribecompletedactionsorstatesinthepast,topresentevents,andtoexpresspasthatsorroutesUseofpastcontinuoustense:todescribeactionsthatwereinprogressataspecifictimeinthepast,toprovidebackgroundinformationinanarrative,andtoemphasizethedurationofanactionSimplepasttenseandpastcontinuoustenseexpressesfutureactionsorstatesusingthemodalverbs"will"or"shall"followedbytheinfinitiveformoftheverb(e.g.,"Iwillgo"or"Weshalldrive")Will/shall+infinitiveexpressionsintentions,plans,orpredictionsaboutthefutureusingthephrase"begoingto"followedbytheinfinitiveformoftheverb(e.g.,"Theyaregoingtoplay"or"Iamgoingtostudy")Begoingto+infinitiveFuturetenserepresentationmethod"Useofwill/halltoexpressfrontierdecisions,offers,promises,threats,andpredictionsaboutthefuture."Useofbeinggoingtotoexpresspreplannedactionsorintentions,topredictfutureeventsbasedonpresentationevidence,andtoemphasizethecertificateofanactionhappeninginthefutureFuturetenserepresentationmethodThepassivevoiceisformedusingthestructure"tobe+pastparticle"(e.g.,"Thebookwaswritten"or"Shewasgivenapresentation")CompositionofpassivevoiceThepassivevoiceisusedwhenthefocusisontheactioncomparedtotheperformeroftheaction,toemphasizetherecipientorobjectofanaction,toreceiveamoreobjectivetone,orwhentheperformeroftheactionisunknownorunimportantUseofpassivevoiceTheCompositionandUsageofPassiveVoiceTheCompositionandUsageofPassiveVoiceCommonverbsthatareoftenusedinthepassivevoiceinclude"tobe,""tohave,""todo,""tosay,""towrite,"and"toknow."Commonverbsusedinpassivevoicewhilethepassivevoicecanbeusedeffectivelyincertaincontexts,itshouldbeusedsparselytoavoidmakingtextovercomplexorvagueAdditionally,someverbsdonothavepassiveforms(e.g.,invasiveverbslike"happy"or"existing"),andthepassivevoiceshouldnotbeusedwiththeseverbsRestrictionsonusingpassivevoice02SelectionofguidewordsfornounclausesThatUsedtointroduceasubjectclausewhentheclauseisthesubjectofthesentenceE.G.,"Thathewillcomeisreceived."What/ifUsedtointroduceasubjectclausewhenthereisdoubleoraconditionE.G.,"Whichhewillcomeisnotreceived."Whwords(who,what,where,when,why,how)UsedtointroduceasubjectclausewhentheclauseisaskingaquestionE.G.,"Whathewilldoisunknown."SubjectclauseguideandusageThatUsedtointroduceanobjectclausewhentheclauseistheobjectofaverborpositionE.G.,"Iknowthatheiscoming."What/ifUsedtointroduceanobjectclausewhenthereisdoubleoraconditionE.G.,"I'mnotsureifhewillcome."Whwords(who,what,where,when,why,how)UsedtointroduceanobjectclausewhentheclauseisaskingaquestionE.G.,"Idon'tknowwhathewilldo."ObjectclauseintroducersandtheirusageIntroductionwordsandusageofpredicateclausesUsedtointroducepredicateclauseswhentheclauseisdescribingthesubjectofthesentenceE.G.,"Thequestioniswhowillcome."Whwords(who,what,where,when,why,how)Notcommonlyusedtointroducepredicateclauses,butcanbeusedinformalorliterarycontextsThatNotusedtointroducepredicateclausesWhat/if"Thefactthatheiscomingisexciting."What/if:Notcommonlyusedtointroducecosmeticclauses"Thequestionofwhowillcomeisstillunanswered."Introductionwordsandusageofpositiveclauses03SelectionofrelevantpronunciationsandadvertisementsinrelevantclausesThatUsedtointroducearestrictiverelativeclause,notusedwithacomma,andcannotbecommittedItcanrefertopeopleorthings,andthereisnodifferenceinnumberandcasechangesWhichUsedtointroduceanonrestrictiverelativeclause,usedwithacomma,andcanbecommittedItmainlyreferstothings,andcanalsorefertothewholesentenceWhoUsedasthesubjectofarelatedclause,referringtopeopleItusageshouldpayattentiontotheconsistencyofthenumberandpersonTheusagescenariosofrelevantproofssuchasthat,which,who,etcWhenUsedasarelativeadvocatetoguidearelativeclauseoftime,representing"time"andactingasatimeadvocateinasenseItcanbetranslatedas"when"andisequivalenttotheuseoftheposition+whichWhereUsedasarelativeadvocatetoguidearelativeclauseofplace,representing"place"andactingasaplaceadvocateinasenseItcanbetranslatedas"where"andisequivalenttotheuseoftheposition+whichWhyUsedasarelativeadvocatetoguidearelativeclauseofreason,representing"reason"andactingasareasonadvocateinasenseItisoftentranslatedas"why"andcanalsobereplacedbyforwhichTheusagescenariosofrelevantadvertisementssuchaswhen,where,why,etcRestrictiverelativeclausesAlsoknownasdefiningrelativeclauses,theyareanintegralpartoftheantandcannotbecommittedIfcommitted,themeaningofthepresencewillbeincompleteorunclearNonrestrictiverelativeclausesAlsoknownasnondefiningrelativeclauses,theyplayasupplementaryandexplanatoryroletotheantandareseparatedfromtheantbycommasIfcommitted,thebasicmeaningofthepresencewillnotbeaffectedDistinguishingbetweenrestrictiveandnonrestrictiverelativeclauses04Theapplicationofsubconjunctivemoodinvarioussensestructures

RulesfortheuseofsubjunctionmoodinsubjunctionconditionalsensesThesubjunctionmoodisusedintheifclausetoexpressaconditionthatiscontemporarytofactorunlikelytohappinessThebasicstructureofasubjunctionconditionalpresenceis"If+subject+were/had+pastparticle,subject+would/court/night+verb"Example:"IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethejob."Thesubfunctionalmoodcanbeusedinnounclausesthatfunctionassubjects,objects,orcompletenessThesubcriticalmoodisoftenusedafterreceivingverbs,objections,andnounsthatexpressnecessity,importance,suggestion,ordesireExample:"Theteachersuggestedthatthestudent(should)readthebook."RulesforusingsubcriticalmoodinnounclausesThesubjunctionmoodcanalsobeusedinotherpresencestructures,suchasintransitionalandindependentclausesExample1:"Itisimportantthathe(should)bepresentatthemeeting."(Adverbialclauseexpressingimportance)Example2:"HereItodecide,Iwouldchoosedifferently."(Independentclauseexpressingacontemporarytofactcondition)TheseexamplesdemonstratetheflexibilityofthesubfunctionalmoodinEnglishgrammaranditsabilitytoaccommodatearangeofmeansandnuancesExamplesoftheapplicationofsubcriticalmoodinothersensestructures05Modalverbsindicatespecificationandlikelihood"May"expressionslikelihoodorpermission,oftenusedinsenseswithspecificorunknowntonesForexample,"Itmayrainlater.""Might"issimilarto"may"butwithamoretenseorlesscentraltoneItcanalsobeusedtoexpresspastpossibilitiesForinstance,"Theymighthaveforgottentheirkeys."Themodalverbsmayandmayindicatespecificationandpossibility"Must"isusedtoexpressstrongnecessityoropposition,butitcanalsobeconsideredahighdegreeofintegritywhenspecifyingaboutsomethingForexample,"Youmustbehungryaftersuchalongwalk.""Can't"