2022届高考英语复习讲义：阅读理解题型分类解题诀窍

22届高考英语阅读理解题型分类解题诀窍（含答案）

FromJaneG

一是确立定位词，注意人名，时间，范围等，以免定位错误，例如

【示彳列01]Thewordadvertisingreferstoanykindofpublicannouncementthatbringsproductsandservicestothe

attentionofpeople.Throughouthistory,advertisinghasbeenaneffectivewaytopromote（促进）thetradingandsellingof

goods.IntheMiddleAges,merchantsemployedutowncrierstoreadpublicmessagesaloudtopromotetheirgoods.

Whenprintingwasinventedinthefifteenthcentury,pagesofadvertisements（ads）couldbeprintedeasilyandwereeither

hunginpublicplacesorputinbooks.

WhatwasadvertisinglikeintheMiddleAges?

A.Merchantswereemployedtopromoteproducts.

B.Admessageswereshoutedoutinpublicplaces.

C.Productinformationwasincludedinbooks.

D.Adsignswereputupintowns.

答案：B

【示例02]（2019年全国卷I）Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学），Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,

whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,and

meangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplaying

jokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.

Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?

A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cook

答案：C

二是找到文中定位词所在的句子，注意一定要看完整，切忌断章取义！！！！！！

特别的爱给特别的你：1、关键名词的定语、同位语成分；2、相关连词however,therefore,so等；3、有态度、情

绪暗示的词，如concern,worry,notclear,promising,inviting,heartbeatwildlyo例如：

【示例03]Acheaperwaytoproducehydrogeninvolvesusingmethane（甲烷）andCarbonCaptureandStorage（CCS）.

someexpertsargueitmightmakemoresenseatscale（规模）,butmightnotbeasclean.However,thankstosourceslike

tidalandwaveenergy,Orkneycreatesmorecleanelectricitythanitscitizensneed.EvenafterexportingtotheUK,the

islands9winds,wavesandtidesgenerateabout130%oftheelectricityitspopulationneeds.

HowdoesOrkneyproducehydrogen?

A.Byusingmethane.B.Byusinggreenelectricity.

C.ByusingtheCCStechnology.D.Byusingby-productsofburningpetrol.

答案：B

三是对比原文和选项，拿出挖掘爱豆信息的耐心和孙悟空的火眼金睛，正确答案通常会变装，特别关注同义词的转

换。切记：不要你觉得！！！凭印象或者常识做题是靠不住的，一切眼见为实，一定要仔细比照选项！

干扰项

1.文中不同内容的嫁接和篡改

2.文中没出现的内容

3.对文中提到的内容在范围上进行放大或者缩小

4.前半句对，后半句错

具体事实的罗列（推理题）

【示彳列04]...Sureenough,shewasreadingMobyDick,ineditionwithwoodcuts.Isaid,''Don'tyoufindpartsofitrather

heavygoing?^^Sheanswered"Oh,sure,butIjustskipoverthosepartsandgoontothenextgoodpart.”

WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthegirlisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Sheskippedoverthoseeasypartswhilereading.

B.Shehadahardtimefinishingtherequiredreadingtasks.

C.Shelearnedtoappreciatesomepartsofthedifficultbooks.

D.Sheturnedouttobeatopstudentaftercomingtothisschool.

答案：c

常见题型集锦

一、A篇阅读中的易错题--求同存异

A篇志在必得，但要特别注意寻找共同点、特别之处的题目，例如

（2019•全国卷IA篇）21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?

（2020福州市4月质检A篇）23.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefourschools?

解题技巧-看篇首；排除法

【真题再现】Passage1.（2019•全国卷IA篇）

NeedaJobThisSummer?

Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesand

whatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.

Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder

30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.

JobsforYouth

Ifyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible（符合条件）forthisprogram.Which

provideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.

Whoiseligible:Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities（社区）.

SummerCompany

SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheir

ownsummerbusinesses.

Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29,returningtoschoolinthefall.

StewardshipYouthRangerProgram

YoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeight

weeksthissummer.

Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.

SummerEmploymentOpportunities（机会）

ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummer

positionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.

Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswitha

disability.

21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?

A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.

C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.

答案：B细节理解题。根据SummerCompany部分中的SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswith...awardsofupto

$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.可知，SummerCompany为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励，束开

始而经营他们自己的暑期业务。startandruntheirownsummerbusinesses即为“开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的run

newbusinesses。故选B。

Passage2.（2016新课标全国IA篇）

YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladies

listedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?

JaneAddams（1860-1935）

AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworked

forpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity（社区）bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesfor

peopleinneedIn1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.

RachelCarson（1907-1964）

Ifitweren'tfbrRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilent

Springraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld's

lakesandoceans.

SandraDay0,Connor（1930-present）

WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkata

lawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator（参议员）and,in1981,thefirstwomantojoin

theU.S.SupremeCourt.O'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetop

court.

RosaParks（1913-2005）

OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery>Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.Her

simpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomeiybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,and

kickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement."TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,"saidParks.

24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?

A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.

答案：C

【针对训练】

Passage1

Ifyou'vegotareliableInternetconnection,smartlightsareacheapwaytomakeyourhomeverycool.Herearefourof

them.

LIFX

Thebiggestfeaturezyoudon'tneedaseparatehubtocontrolyoursmartlights.TheyconnectviaWi-Fiandyoucan

stickthelightsanywhere.TheLEDscreateupto16millioncolorsandareprogrammable,soyoucancreatecustomlighting

patternsthroughthesmartphoneapp.Youcanalsosetupalightingscheduleandmakechangeswithyourvoicethrough

AmazonAlexa,AppleHomeKit,andGoogleAssistant.$70.

Sylvania

TheSylvaniaLEDlightstrip（灯带）isAppleHomeKit-enabled,meaningyoucanchangecolorsandsettingswith

Apple'ssmartvoiceassistantSiriorthroughtheapp.TheonlyfeatureSylvaniadoesnotinclude-onethatLIFXdoes-isthe

abilityfbrthelightstoautomaticallyrotate（转换入throughcolors.Withtheselights,youcanonlyadjustbrightnessand

changecolors.$39.

IfyouuseanAndroidphone,makesuretogetanAndroidversion.Ithasthesamefunctionsbutisalsocompatible（兼

容的）withAmazonAlexaorGoogleAssistant.$52.

Eve

TheEveLEDscanbeextendedwithadditionalstripsandreachupto32.8feet.TheLEDsproduceafullrangeof

whitesandcolorsandarecompatiblewithAppleHomeKit-thereforevoicecontrolledwithSiri.Thissetuprequiresnoextra

hub.ThestarterversionisavailableforS80andextensionstripsareavailableforS50.

Minger

Minger'SWi-FiconnectedstripsofLEDsare16.4-feet-longandcanbecontrolledviatheGoveeapponyour

smartphoneorwithAmazonAlexa.Thecompanydoesn'trecommendconnectingmultiplestrips.$29.

21.HowisLIFXdifferentfromSylvania?

A.Itisvoicecontrolled.B.ItisintendedforAndroidphoneusers.

C.Thebrightnessofitslightscanbeadjusted.D.Thecolorsofitslightscanchangeautomatically.

23.Whatdothefourlightshaveincommon?

A.Theyarepoweredbythesun.B.Theycanbeextendedwithadditionalstrips.

C.Theyworkwellwithsmarthomeassistants.D.Theyaredevelopedbysmartphonecompanies.

答案：DC

Passage2.（福州市4月质检A篇）

TheMostTechFriendlySchoolintheWorld

Forgetapenandpaper!Thisnew-fashionedschoolreliesoniPad's,touchscreens,projectorsandevenelectronic

lockerkeys.ThePhiladelphiaSchooloftheFuture'smaingoalistoequipstudentswiththemostknowledgeintechnology

fields.Whileitstruggledbackwhenitopenedin2006,itisnowoneofthemostin-demandschools.

HamburgerUniversity

No,thisschoolisn'taboutperfectingthehamburger.Actually,itsortofis!TheMcDonald'strainingfacilityiswhere

restaurantmanagersgotolearnthecraft（手艺）.Frommakingahamburgertodealingwithcomplainingcustomers,ittakes

alottohandletherunningofMickyD's.Also,imaginehavingHamburgerUniversityonyourresume（简历），nowthat

wouldmakeyoustandoutfromthecrowd!

RealLifeClown（小丑）College

Whilemoviesandtelevisionsshowslovetomakefunofkidsandadultsalikerunningofftojoinclowncollegeorthe

circusbutturnsout,itwasn'tmadeup.TheRinglingBrotherssetupanumberofcoursesandschoolsaroundtheUnited

Statestoteachwillingstudentstheartofclowningaround.Ifsatoughjobalright?Imaginewearingabrightrednosewhile

kidsscreamatyouforaballoonanimal.

CharlesHowardSantaClausSchool

Setupinthe1930'sthisfamousinstitutionaimstoproducetheverybestSanta's.PotentialMrClaus'willlearnhowto

interactwithchildrenandofcourse,howtolaughliketherealdeal.Whileyouwouldn'ttakethecourseunlessyouplanned

onbeingaprofessionalSanta,itsurewouldbefuntoplaydressupforaday!

23.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefourschools?

A.Entertaining.B.Ancient.C.Wild.D.Unusual.

答案：D

二、hr节理解-重在同义转换（比重最大）

PartA单项细节题-查找题干中的单项信息-抓住题干的定位词

请画出题干的定位词

（2019♦全国卷I）

22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?

23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?

24.WhatmadeChrisnervous?

【真题再现】Passage1.（2019•全国卷IB篇）

ForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn.

The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublic

speaking.

Buthe'snervous.'Tmheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe"-Id,"apronunciation

difficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.u...Vbte

fbr...me…"Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,

Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

24.WhatmadeChrisnervous?

A.Tellingastory.B.Makingaspeech.C.Takingatest.D.Answeringaquestion.

24.B细节理解题。根据第一段todayisspeechday和本段最后一句withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindof

kidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.以友第二段第一句Buthe'snervous.可知，Chris眼睛黑亮，似乎是那种喜欢公共

演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知Chris是因为做演讲紧张，故选B。

Passage2（2019年全国卷IC篇）

Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch"fourtimesusingthe

smartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,

withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandis

mostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.

30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?

A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly.B.Ifllreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.

答案：B细节理解题。根据最后一段的Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.可知，麻究者彳门希望智

能键盘能早日面世。故选B。

Passage3.（2018•全国卷IA篇）

Washington,D.C.BicycleTours

CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

Duration:3hours

Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,

D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyour

spotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear!

WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour

Duration:3hours（4miles）

JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.Explorethemonuments

andmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,

helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.

CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

Duration:3hours

MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperience

Washington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinteresting

storiesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute（路线）makecycling

betweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.

WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour

Duration:3hours（7miles）

JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.Getupclosetothemonuments

andmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyour

guideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflective

vestsandsafetylights.

21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?

A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.

C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.

答案：A根据文章CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.中的Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability可知，这个

骑行项目需要提前预约。故选A。

Passage4.（2018•全国卷IB篇）

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptips

onhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresenter

saysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'sleantintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,

andJack,11.

"WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains.UIpay

£5foraportion（一份）,butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuy

takeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.n

25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?

A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.

C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.

25.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththe

helpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.

可知，Susanna在MattTebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食

谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达withthehelpof和help。

Passage5.（2019.全国卷ID篇）

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学）,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeep

myhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.

Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,among

whomIsoonfoundmyself.

Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themost

likedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（调查研究）.“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecome

moreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhile

likabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”

Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplay

Date-sharing,kindness,openness-carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.

32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?★★

A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.

34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein^studyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?★★★★

A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.

C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.

答案：CB

32.C推理判断题。根据第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,which

allowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.可知，在美好的小学时光fL我喜欢分享我的洋娃娃和笑话，这让我彳呆持了

高高的社会地位。由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lonely寂寞的；generous

慷慨的；cool冷静的；酷的。故选C。

34.B推理判断题。根据第四段Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,由healthy

adjustment推断出，心理学薮授MitchPrinstein的研究表明，被人喜欢的孩子适应性更强，故选B。

PartB多项细节判断正误

Whatcanwelearnabout...fromthetext?

Whatdoweknowabout...fromthepassage?

Passage1.（2018•全国卷IB篇）

GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorm

inherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.

24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?

A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.

C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadalightbudgetforherfamily.

24.细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaevery

morning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。

Passage2.（2017•天津卷）

PerhapsthemostpowerfultypeofwaitingistheLucky-BreakWait.Thistypeofwaitisunusualinthatitisforthemost

partvoluntary.UnliketheForcedWait,whichisalsovoluntary,waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymeanthat

itwillhappen.

Turningone'slifeintoawaitinggamerequiresfaithandhope,andisstrictlyfortheoptimistsamongus.Onthesurface

itseemsasridiculousasfollowingthedirectionsonsoupmixes,buttheLucky-BreakWaitwellservesthosewhoare

willingtodoit.Aslongasonedoesn'tcometorelyonit,wishingforafewgoodthingstohappenneverhurtsanybody.

3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheLucky-BreakWait?

A.ItislessvoluntarythantheForcedWait.B.Itdoesn'talwaysbringthedesiredresult.

C.ItismorefruitfulthantheForcedWait.D.Itdoesn'tgivepeoplefaithandhope.

答案：BunliketheForcedWait,whichisalsovoluntary,waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymean...

Passage3.（2015•浙江卷）

Thechildrensatstunnedandsilent.Wasthisateachertalking?Onegirl,whohadjustcometousfromaschoolwhere

shehadhadaveryhardtime,lookedatmesteadilyforalongtimeafterIhadfinished.Then,stilllookingatme,shesaid

slowlyandseriously,MrHolt,doyoureallymeanthat?"Isaidjustasseriously,"Imeaneverywordofit.

Duringthespringshereallyastonishedme.Oneday,shewasreadingatherdesk,FromaglimpseoftheillustrationsI

thoughtIknewwhatthebookwas.Isaidtomyself,MItcan'tbe,"andwenttotakeacloserlook.Sureenough,shewas

readingMobyDick,ineditionwithwoodcuts.Isaid,''Don'tyoufindpartsofitratherheavygoing?1'Sheanswered,Oh,

sure,butIjustskipoverthosepartsandgoontothenextgoodpart.n

44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthegirlisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Sheskippedoverthoseeasypartswhilereading.

B.Shehadahardtimefinishingtherequiredreadingtasks.

C.Shelearnedtoappreciatesomepartsofthedifficultbooks.

D.Sheturnedouttobeatopstudentaftercomingtothisschool.

答案：C

Passage4.（2015天津卷）

Boldness—awillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight.Butitcanbe

taughttochildrenanddevelopedinadults.Confidencebuildsup.Surely,therewillbesetbacks（挫折）anddisappointments

inlife;boldnessinitselfisnoguaranteeofsuccess.Butthepersonwhotriestodosomethingandfailsisalotbetteroffthan

thepersonwhotriestodonothingandsucceeds.

So,alwaystrytolivealittlebitbeyondyourabilities—andyou'llfindyourabilitiesaregreaterthanyoueverdreamed.

4.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph5?

A.Confidencegrowsmorerapidlyinadults.B.Tryingwithoutsuccessismeaningless.

C.Repeatedfailurecreatesabetterlife.D.Boldnesscanbegainedlittlebylittle.

答案：D

Passage5.（2016江苏卷）

Chimps（黑猩猩）willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondthe

minimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct（本能）tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfood

forthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren.Whoareablefromayoungageto

gathertheirownfood.

Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateof

foodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage,hewillpullat

random——hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.

58.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?

A.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers,interests.B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.

C.Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors5food.D.Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.

答案：A

Passage6.（2015重庆卷）

Thevaluesofartisticworks,accordingtoculturalrelativism（相对主义），aresimplyreflectionsoflocalsocialand

economicconditions.Suchaview,however,failstoexplaintheabilityofsomeworksofarttoexcitethehumanmind

acrossculturesandthroughcenturies.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoweknowaboutculturalrelativism?

A.Itintroducesdifferentculturalvalues.B.Itexplainsthehistoryofartisticworks.

C.Itrelatesartisticvaluestolocalconditions.D.Itexcitesthehumanmindthroughouttheworld.

答案：C

Passage7.（2013安徽卷）

Weshouldn'tblametechnologyfbrourshortcomings.Technologyisheretohelpus,butweshouldnotallowittotakeover

ourlives.Animportantstepisacknowledgingourshortcomings.Peoplespendalotoftimepointingoutbadmannersbutit

wouldbeevenmorehelpifwe'dpubliclyacknowledgegoodmannerswhenweseethem.

小题4:Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Weshouldapplaudgoodbehavior.B.Technologycanneverbeblamed

C.Weshouldkeeppointingoutmistakes.D.Technologywilltakeoverlivesoneday.

小题4:主旨题。这段主要试讲我们应该了解我们的缺点，但是如果公开的认可好的行为习惯，将会更有帮助，故选

A,我们应该鼓励好的行为。

Passage8.（2018天津卷）

Sustainability（可持续性）

Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneed

toberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcould

probablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids（水解胶体）fromplentiful

renewableslikealgae（藻类）andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients（烹饪原料）.3Dprintingcanreducefueluseand

emissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock"food"thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducing

transportationandstoragerequirements.

47.Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraphs3?

A.Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.B.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.

C.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.D.Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.

答案：D

三、征理判断▲难点-做个名侦探：要做推断

PartA判断人物性格-弘扬正能量，人人都是活雷锋

一般老师，教练是严格strict但是有爱caring鼓舞人的inspiring,路人热心warm-heated大方generous

Passage1（2019•全国卷IB篇）

Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraise

theirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisabout

morethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸耀）aboutthemselves.

"Boastingaboutyourself^andyourbestqualities,vWhaleysays,“isverydifficultfbrachildwhocameintothe

classroomnotfeelingconfident.^^

27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?

A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.

27.C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenhe

askedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.”和最后——句"Hewantsthese

kidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.”可知，当他有一天让认％他们自己当不了总统的学生举手的时候，他想到了一

个主意，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。humorous幽默的；

ambitious有雄心壮志的；caring关心的；demanding要求高的。故选C。

Passag