2020年上海高考英语冲刺讲义汇编-05 11选10+综合（教案）

第5讲11选10+综合

A.labelsB.averageC.requiresD.countingE.situationF.dropped

G.professionalH.packagedI.exerciseJ.processingK.standards

Americansknowthebenefitsofhavingahealthydiet.Inschool,childrenlearntoeatavarietyofhealthyfoods.

Peoplegrowupawareofthevalueof_41—calories.Theyhearaboutthehealthdangersofchemicalsaddedto

_42_food.Theyrealizetheyshouldn'teattoomanysweetsorfats.ManyAmericanconsumersread_43—

carefullyfornutritioninformation.Thatwaytheycancompareproductsandeatthebestfoods.

Keepingfit—ormaybegettinginshape—isoftenhighonthelistofNewYear'sresolutionsfbrAmericans.In

thepasttwodecades,fitnesshasbecomeafashion.ManyAmericanshavejoinedhealthclubstoworkoutwith_44_

equipment.Sportsstoressellsportsshoesandclothingforeverypossibleexercise_45—.Peoplecanevenbuy

weightsandequipmentandsetuptheirownexercisecenterathome!

Statisticsgivehealthexpertsgoodreasontobedisappointed.Americansexerciselessthantheyusedto.The

numberofpeopletakingpartinfitnessactivities_46_from41.7millionin1991toonly32millionin1993.Among

highschoolstudents,only37percent_47_threetimesperweek.However,70percentofteenagerswatchatleastan

hourofTVeveryday,and38percentwatchoverthreehours.Asaresult,the_48_Americangainedeightpounds

duringthe1980's.Atleastone-thirdofAmericansweigh20percentmorethantheiridealweight.

Still,bymany_49_,Americansenjoygoodhealth.MedicalcareintheUnitedStates,whileexpensive,is

amongthebestintheworld.TheU.S.Government_50_strictfoodinspectionstoensurethatfoodisofthehighest

quality.Foodproducersmustlabelproductsaccurately.Manyresources,suchasmagazines,TVprogramsandeventhe

Internet,allowpeopletofindouthowtoimprovetheirhealth.Americansknowhowtomakethemselvesmorehealthy.

Theyjustneedtodoit.

key：DHAGEFIBKC

一、H■"一选十基础知识点

1、选词填空的特点

1）文章不会太长（300词左右）：一般来说第一句是文章主题句并且不设空；一般每隔15—30个词会有一个空；

空与空之间有完整意群。

2）方框中词汇难度不高，文章难度要略低于阅读理解难度。实际上是将词汇的使用和阅读紧密结合的一种题

型。

2、选词填空的考点

1）词汇方面以实词为主也就是指名词、动词、形容词、副词。

2）语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力。

3）逻辑方面考察上下文联系。

3、解题点拨：

1）最关键要改变孤立记忆单词的不良学法，做到词不离句，句不离篇，做到词汇的情景使用。

2）不要孤立的看文章，一定注意句子的上下文衔接和本句的语法结构。

3）要专门记忆些高频词汇，比如：constantly,alternative之类。

4）要注意积累“一词多义”、“一词多性”和“熟词生义”的用法。

二、十一选十解题思路

第一步：详读选项，词分类

选项中的11个词是考查的关键，考生应该详细的理解这11个单词。熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不熟悉的单

词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性，然后根据名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类按规律排列在试卷上。这样做

考生就可以不再是11选1了，只要根据上下文的逻辑关系或者语法结构，有时候可以是3选1甚至2选1,

缩小了选择的范围，降低了试题的难度。

注意：

1.动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。过去分词

有两种可能性（形容词和动词的过去分词）,无法确定时标问号、

2.不认识的词要看后缀。构词法中，前缀区分意思，后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。词性无法

确定的，暂时搁置。

3.做出相应的标记。在英文中有的单词不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的visit,access,叩proach,challenge,

change等就即有名词词性又有动词词性。这时两个都要标出来。

5.以-ing或-ed结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的形容词。

例如：sleeping“Sheissleeping.”中就是动词。而在“sleepingbeauty”中就是形容词。建议同学们在供选择的词旁

将两种词性都标注上，答题时以动词为首选进行判断。

第二步：略读全文，定中心

考生拿到题目以后，由于考查考生对篇章的理解，应该略读整篇文章，确定文章的中心或主要说明的问题。文

章大概在220词-250词左右，用1分钟左右的时间略读即可。要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主

题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。在此，建议大家

使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。

第三步：瞻前顾后，灵活选

词性分类之后，回到原文中，根据原文中空格的前后单词或者前后语句确定所要填的词性，然后从分类好的单

词中选择出词性、意思、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。首先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空的词性，然后

按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑关系做出选择。

第四步：复核检查，定结果

篇章词汇理解题目类似于完型填空，这需要考生不仅要迅速的确定答案，还要在确定答案之后迅速的复查。检

查上下文是否通顺、上下文的逻辑结构是否正确、文章的意思是否出现偏差等等，复查无误后即可确定为最后

答案。

三、“十一选十”选词填空解题技巧

(-)判断词性的技巧

前面提到的“瞻前顾后”就是需要考生根据空格的前后来决定所填词的词性以及应填的正确选项，我们可以根据

一些简单的语法知识确定答案。应该说语法知识是解词汇理解题的基础。

1.确定空格为名词

(1)a/an/the+n.,adj.+n.,vt.+n.,即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词；

(2)n.+v.,即空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)；

(3)prep.+n.,即空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。

2.确定空格为动词

(1)n./pron.vt.n./pron”即空格前面已有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及

物动词；

(2)n./pron.vi.,即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词：

(3)n./pron.vi.adv./prep.,即空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与

副词/介词构成固定搭配；

(4)n./pron.linkv./be.adj.,即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词；

(5)tov.,即空格处前有不定式标志to,空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。

3.确定空格为形容词

(1)adj.+n.或n.+adj.,即空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词；

(2)adv.+adj.,即空格处前面是副词的，空格处应填入形容词；

(3)link/bev.+adj„即空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语。

4.确定空格为副词

(1)adv.+v.或v.+adv.,即空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处应填入副词;

(2)adv.+adj.,即空格处后面是形容词的，空格处应填入副词。

(-)利用逻辑关系词确定答案

在篇章词汇理解题目中，文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的逻辑关系通过一些逻辑关

系词体现的，考生可以通过逻辑关系词来确定出一些答案。

常见的逻辑关系词如下：

(1)并列关系：and.or,aswellas等

(2)对比关系：but,however,onthecontrary,ratherthan等

(3)比较关系：as...as,like,similar等

(4)因果关系：because,for,since,asaresultof,therefore,thus等

(5)举例关系：forexample,forinstance,suchas,andsoon等

(6)递进关系：and,whafsmore,moreover,inaddition等

(三)比较填词

将词性分类后，如何确定哪个选项是正确答案呢？这就需要考生进行选项间的比较，比较同词性的词汇哪一个

是最佳答案。这里提示考生可以通过词义判断(即通过同词性词汇的中文意思是否符合文章的整体意思，由此

判断是不是最合适的选项)和逻辑判断(即根据文章的逻辑顺序和逻辑结构，确定同词性的词汇中的哪个是最佳

答案)两种方法确定答案。这里还要提示考生，填入一个词就划掉一个，为下面的选词缩小范围。

高三英语一模选词填空高频词汇编

＞选项高频词汇:

名词：distinction,credit,feasibility,rating,belief,bubble,site,stocks,impact,effort,end,say,right,exercise,signal,

contrast,uprising,approaches,product,capability,willingness,priority,

figure,interaction,rate,researcher,impression,present,goer,reveal,consumer,combination,sheet,reject,chemical,damage,se

tting,measurement,astronomy,civilization,independence,blackouts,process,consequences,concern,furniture,

fame,suggestions,process,reactions,mechanism,eyebrow,selection,sympathy,treats

动词：polish,shift,fulfill,signal,interpret,encounter,illustrate,compliment,undergo,encourage,shrink,satisfy,

stocks,impact,end,say,vote,elect,protest,exercise,declared,survive,individualized,advocated,dominated,

apart,features,captured,inhabited,matters,ranks,figure,acknowledging,drain,stress,convincing,coupled,head,

target,suggest,score,overeat,rate,present,interpret,reveal,sheet,reject,heal,imitate,damage,set,altered,defined,

dominated,bordered,exploded,fascinated,stretched,upsetting,generated,resulting,developed,completed,fixed,

analyzed,applied,limited,assessing,test,achieve,directed,raising,eliminate,characterized,filmed,dropped,

treats

形容词：deliberate,dependent,subjective,innovative,invasive,common,equal,inseparable,original,spectacular,

depressing,tricky,loyal,academic,tense,precious,previous,presented,sheet,flexible,chemical,severe,similar,

monetary,astonishing,estimated,constant,effective,common,combining,commercial,inadequate,immediate,

sensitive,confident,domesticated

副词：occasionally,continuously,previously,preciously,presently,notably,significantly,supposedly,frequently,

luxuriously,currently,potentially,necessarily,remarkably,invariably,eventually,softly,tremendously,actually,

repeatedly,potentially,commonly

A一词多性:]

credit,shift,signal,encounter,compliment,bubble,stock,impact,exercise,end,say,right,signal,ranks,couple,head,

target,score,loyal,figure,academic,drain,stress,tense,rate,present,chemical,damage,process,astonishing,

estimated,upsetting,test,commercial,process,treats

>一词多义:

credit,polish,subjective,stock,impact,shrink,encourage,common,end,say,right,declared,approaches,couple,head,

target,capability,score,tricky,figure,academic,drain,stress,tense,convince,rate,impression,present,interpret,

reveal,sheet,severe,invariably,bordered,developed,fixed,generated,applied

活用及固定搭配实例分析:

一词多性:

例1:

虹口一模：

Inaworldwhere____31____isgivenforpeople'saccomplishments,failingfeelsdangerous.

解析1：credit在此处译为“声望”名词，decline还有动词：相信，信任等义项及名词信用，信誉；学分；信任

等意思。

例2：

虹口一模：

Butwhenyou___34___yourthinking,youwillprobablyseewhatyoucancontrol-yourbehavior,yourplanning,

yourreactions-andchangethem.

解析2：shift在此处译为“转变”动词，shift还有名词：移动；变化；手段；轮班等义项。

例3：

虹口一模:

Thereisawaytodistinguishwhetherafailure___39___youtodoubledownorwalkaway,saysHalvorson.

解析3：signal在此处译为“标志”动词，signal还有名词：信号；暗号；导火线等义项。

例4：

松江一模：

Andit,sasituationmanyonlineusers___37___onadailybasis.

解析4：encounter在此处译为“遭遇”动词，encounter还有名词：遭遇，偶然碰见等义项。

例5：

松江一模：

Awoman___40___howgreatitis,howgreathergreatpricesareandhowthelemonsauceissogreat,

解析5：compliment在此处译为“恭维；称赞”动词，encounter还有名词：恭维：称赞；问候；致意：道贺

等义项。

例6：

松江一模：

fromhousing___31___togoldpricesandfrompoliticalpollstorestaurantreviews,thebeliefthatotherpeoplelike

somethinghasapowerfulabilitytomakepeoplelikeitthemselves.

解析6：bubble在此处译为“气泡，泡沫”名词，bubble还有动词：使冒泡；滔滔不绝地说等义项。

例7：

青浦一模：

Teapickersarealsofeelingthe____36____ofclimatechange.

解析1：impact在此处译为“影响”为名词，stress还有动词词性：有“撞击；冲突”等义项。

例8：

宝山一模：

Theybelievedthattheyshouldhavea(n)(34)____intheirgovernment'sleaders.

解析1：say在此处译为“发言权”，为名词，say还有动词，有“说”的义项。

例9：

闵行一模：

Thesedifferencesmayseemslight,butthey32theappearanceofanewgeneration.

解析1：signal在此处译“用信号通知"，signal还有名词：信号的意思。

例10：

奉贤一模：

It38amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheUK.

解析：ranks在此处译为“排名为动词，rank还有名词：等级，列队的意思

例11：

杨浦一模：

Forexample,someonewhopressuresyoutosomethingyou'renotcomfortabledoingwill___37

youout.

解析1：stress在此处译为“使承受压力”动词，stress还有名词：压力义项。

例12：

金山一模：

ANewYorkUniversitystudylastyearfoundthatpeoplewholovedEminem'sLoseYourselfandJustinBieber's

WhatDoYouMean?weremorelikelyto_31highlyonthepsychopathyscalethanpeoplewhowereintoDire

Straits.

解析1：score在此处译为“得分”动词，score还有名词：分数，得分等义项。

例13：

崇明一模：

Customerswereaskedto34howgoodthefoodtasted,thequalityoftherestaurantandtoleavetheir

names.

解析1：rate在此处译为“评价”，为动词，rate还有名词：速度；比率；价格。

例14：

崇明一模：

Inatn）40study,scientistsfromtheuniversityshowedthatpeoplewhoeatindimlightingconsume175

lessca/ories（卡路里）thanpeoplewhoeatinbrightlylitareas.

解析2：precious在此处译为“先前的"，为形容词，precious还有副词：在先。

例15：

崇明一模:

However,thescientistssaidthatbothgroupsatearoundthesamequantityoffoodintotal,accordingto

thestudy37attheExperimentalBiologymeetingthisweek.

解析3：presem在此处译为“描述”，为动词，present还有名词：目前，现在；形容词：在座的。

例16：

静安一模：

Todaynewtechnologyhasbeendevelopedbygrowing39ofskintakenfromthepatientorother

humans.

解析4：sheet在此处译为“薄片”,为名词，sheet还有动词:覆盖;形容词：片状。

例17：

静安一模：

Suchcellsoftendonotstimulatethebody'simmunesystem-amechanismthatallowsbabiestodevelop

withintheirmother'sbody-andhencearemuchlesslikelytobe40bythepatient'sbody.

解析5：reject在此处译为“排斥”，为动词，reject还有名词：废品，次品。

例18：

静安一模：

SomecompanieslikeL'Orealhavealreadyusedartificialskintotestmany38ingredientsandproducts.Other

researchapplicationsincludehowskinisaffectedbyUVexposureandhowcertainsubstancesinsunscreenand

medicinesaretransportedthroughskin.

解析6：chemical在此处译为“化学的"，为形容词，chemical还有名词：化学品。

例19：

长宁一模：

Itwasasdramaticasthunderstorm,yetcalm.Gentle,yet33.

解析：astonishing在此处译为“令人惊讶的“形容词，astonishing还有动名词、现在分词等义项。

例20：

Alargesolarstormin1989causeda10-hourelectricalblackoutoverCanada'sQuebecProvince,costingtheeconomy

a(n)_38___C$10billion.

解析：estimated在此处译为“预估的，估计的“形容词，estimated还有过去分词等义项。

例21：

Satellites'electronicsareaffectedordamagedbyincomingfastparticles,____36____industriesthatrelyonthem.

解析：upsetting在此处译为“令人心烦意乱的”现在分词，upsetting还有动名词、形容词等义项。

例22：

嘉定一模：

thestudyisoneofthefirstto_32—thisageassumption.

解析1：test在此处译为“检测”动词，test还有名词：测试的意思

例23：

普陀一模：

Thefirst(38)productcameoutin1988andprovedahitamongcarmanufacturers

解析1：commercial在此处译为“商业的”形容词，commercial还有名词：商业广告的意思

•一词多义:

例1：

虹口一模：

Inpursuitofsuccess,failureexposesareasthatyouneedto___37___.

解析1：polish在此处译为“改进”,polish还有磨光,使发亮等义项。

例2：

松江一模：

Insituationswheretherearemore___35___newsreviews,youhavetobealittlemorecautiousaboutinterpreting

likesanddislikes.

解析1：subjective在此处译为“主观的"，polish还有个人的；自觉的等义项。

例3：

青浦一模：

Accordingtoastudy,scientistspredictedthatifover-fishingandrisingtemperaturetrendscontinuedattheirpresent

rate,theworld'sseafood____40___wouldrunoutbytheyear2050.

解析1：stocks在此处译为“库存;储存量"，stock还有“股份；血统;树干”等义项。

例4：

宝山一模：

Inmanycountries,therighttoholdpoliticalofficecamealongwiththerighttovote.Andwomenhave(39)___that

right.

解析1：exercise在此处译为“实行；运用”的意思，它一般还有“锻炼；练习”等义项。

例5：

闵行一模：

thisyoungergroupwassoevidenttopsychologistLarryRosenthathehas34thebirthofanewgenerationinanew

book,

解析1：declared在此处译为“宣布"，declare还有断言和申报等意思。

例6：

奉贤一模：

Itwasaday'smarchfromtheTowerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern33tothecapital.

解析：approach在此处译为“入口，通路"，approach还有方法，接近等意思。

例7：

金山一模：

Overthepastfewyears,Spotifyhasbeenenhancingitsdataanalytic_32_inanattempttohelp

marketers_33_consumerswithadvertstailoredtothemoodthey'rein.

解析1：capability在此处译为“能力”，capability还有才能,容量,性能,生产率等义项。

例8：

杨浦一模：

Itmaybewithsomebodywhowill___32___yourenergywheneveryouarewiththem.

解析1：drain在此处译为“耗尽”，drain还有排水，流干，喝光等义项。

例9：

崇明一模：

Customerswereaskedto34howgoodthefoodtasted,thequalityoftherestaurantandtoleavetheir

names.

解析1：rate在此处译为“评价”，还有“评估；评价”之意。

例10：

崇明一模：

Theexpertsthinkthatpeopletendtoassociatecostwithqualityandthischangestheir32ofhowfood

tastes.

解析2：impression在此处译为“印象”，还有“影响；效果；感想”之意。

例11：

崇明一模：

However,thescientistssaidthatbothgroupsatearoundthesamequantityoffoodintotal,accordingto

thestudy37attheExperimentalBiologymeetingthisweek.

解析3：present在此处译为“描述”，还有“出现；显示；提交”之意。

例12：

崇明一模：

BrianWansink,aprofessorofconsumerbehaviorattheuniversity,said:"Wewerefascinatedtofindthat

pricinghaslittleimpactonhowmuchoneeats,butahugeimpactonhowyou39theexperience.^^

解析4：interpret在此处译为“说明”，还有“诠释；口译；把…理解为”之意。

例13：

崇明一模：

Theexperiment35thatthepeoplewhopaid$8forthefoodenjoyedtheirmeal11percentmorethanthosewhoate

the"cheaper"buffet.

解析5：reveal在此处译为“揭示”，还有“透露；显示；展示”之意。

例14：

静安一模：

Todaynewtechnologyhasbeendevelopedbygrowing39ofskintakenfromthepatientorother

humans.

解析6：sheet在此处译为“薄片”，还有“床单；报纸”之意。

例15：

静安一模：

Suchtestingmaycause___36___painanddiscomforttotheanimalsanditdoesnotnecessarilypredicttheresponseof

humanskin.

解析7：severe在此处译为“严重的”，还有“严厉的：极为恶劣的”之意。

例16：

黄浦一模:

Snakingthroughthedeserts,theNilewouldfloodalmost___32___eachyearinJune.

解析：invariably在此处译为“总是"，invariably还有不变的，一定是等义项。

例17：

黄浦一模：

Slowlythecolorstwistedandbrokeandreappearedelsewhereuntil,suddenly,awholebandflowedandpulsedacross

thesky,____32withdelicateyellow,pinksandpurples.

解析：bordered在此处译为“在--•上镶边”，border还有名词边界、国界，动词接近、与•・•接壤等义项。

例18：

普陀一模：

Afterayear,he(35)asystemwherelightwasshoneintoabottleofphotopolymer

解析1：develops在此处译为“建立"，develop还有发展，培养等义项。

例19：

嘉定一模：

Theybelieves,forthegreatesteffect,interventionsneedtobe_31—earlyinlife

解析1：apply在此处译为“应用于“，apply还有申请等义项。

1.（选自上海市七宝中学5月质量检测卷）

A.indefinitelyB.mysteriousC.constantlyD.departureAB.concreteAC.bear

AD.addressBC.reunitedBD.assumeCD.inevitablyABC.interpretation

MyReflectiononJohnnieTo'sRunningon大堡佬）

RecentlyIhaveseenthefilmRunningonKarmaagain,acontroversialfilmthathaslongbeentakenasa

courageousattemptofJohnnieTo'sandalsoasignificant[41]fromhisotherworks.Those[42]

plotswhichusedtolimitmyunderstandingofthefilmnowstarttomakesense.ItjustfeelsasifIwere[43]

withanoldacquaintancewhom1oncemisunderstood.

Ifthereisonelinethatcanrepresentwhatlbreallywantsto[44]tohisaudience,itmustbethesaying

thatallbutone's切用3佛教用语：业）canbecastaway,which[45]叩pearsinthefilm.

Asthetheme'sfinishingtouch,notonlydoestheabovesayingrevealsome[46]thoughtshiddeninthe

film,butitalsothrowsalightonTo's[47]ofresponsibility.Karmameans“actordeed."Whatwassown

beforeisnowreaped.Butassowingalsotakesplaceinthepresent,it[48]involvesresponsibilitytowardsthe

future.Sincenothingcanbedonetoalterthepast,whatoneshouldbeconcernedaboutisnotyesterday'scause,but

howtosowhisorherkarmatoday-whichwill[49]fruittomorrow.

lbputitinanotherway,theideaofthefilmisthatnomatterwhatonehasdone,onceithasbeendone,itjust

becomeswaterunderthebridge.Sowhattrulymattersisto[50]theresponsibilityforthefuture,sincethatis

somethingonecanmakeadifferenceto.

Key:41-45DBBCADC46-50ABABCCDACBD

2.（中级英语）

A.arouseB.authorityC.awkwardD.complimentE.respect

T7.1_________1：____C___1_______JIT_____________▲T一：___1_1..T___________*.：____1_-TZ__________

Weallseeandhearaboutextraordinarypeoplearoundusandwonderwhycan'twebemorelikethem?It'snot

thebigthingsthatmakesomeoneextraordinary,butthesmallones.Herearesomeofthethingsextraordinarypeople

doeveryday:

1.They'reopentocriticism

Justbecauseyou'retheboss,doesn'tmeanyouarerighteverytime.Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavethebestideas.

Learntobackupyourideasordecisionswithreason.Uselogictoexplainthings,not1..Bydoingthisyour

decisionsmight2.criticism,butyouwillalsogetanopportunitytoimprove.

2.Theyadmittheirmistakes

Myfriencfsbossmadeahugemistakebytyingupwithaneventmanagementcompany.Thewholepurposeof

thetie-upwastopromotehiscompanybutitfailed3..Insteadof4.hisideaandcarryingonas

ifnothinghappened,heapologizedtotheteamfornotincludingtheminthedecisionmaking.It'sOKtoadmityou

werewrong.Youwillnotonlygainthe5.ofyourteammates,youwillalsogaincredibility.

3.They'resensitivetoothers

Supposeyou6.someonebuttherecipientchangesthetopic.Itmaybebecauseheorsheis

uncomfortable.Similarly,whenyoufeel7.receivingapraiseoranaward,remainincontrolandgivethe

personinfrontofyouagenuinesmileandthankhimorher.Don'tmakethe8.sourbyactingonyour

insecurities.

4.Theyarehelpful

Neverhesitatetohelpsomeone.Don'tbenon-committal（态度不明的）andsaysomething9.like,t4Can

Ihelpyou?^^becausetheymightjustsay,"No,I'mgood."Bespecific."Ihadthesameproblemwiththiscoffee

machineinthemorning.IthinkIhavefiguredawaytomakeitwork."Offerinawaythatfeels10.beneficial.

Keys:BAIFEDCHKJ

3.交大附中

A.eventuallyB.processC.messageD.behavedE.psychologists

F.presentG.reactionsH.trialLconfrontedJ.naturallyK.experiments

Allbabiesarebomwithsomenaturalsmarts,butyoungsterslearnmoreabouttheworldwhenthisinnate

intelligenceischallenged,cognitive___41____AimeeandLisadiscoveredinastudypublishedrecentlyinjournal

Science.

Theresearcherstookbabieswhocouldnotyettalkthroughfourexperimentstoprovetheirtheory.Theytriedto

___42____thebabieswithsituationstheycouldpredict,aswellassomethatwereunexpected,andgaugedtheir

―43___.

Earlychildhoodisanimportantdevelopmentalperiodinaperson'slifebecauseinfantbrainsquicklyabsorband

44____reamsofinformation.Asmallchildwillpickupaforeignlanguageeasierandfasterthanateenageroran

adultwill.

“Whatissoexcitingaboutthisresearchisthatthe___45____toparentsandotheradultswhoarenurturing

youngchildren'sdevelopmentishowmuch,atsuchayoungage,theyareprocessingandproblemsolvingandfiguring

out,“Lernersaid.

WhattheHopkinspsychologistsdiscoveredaboutthebabiesisnodifferenlfromthewayadultlearn,Stahland

Lisawroteintheirpaper.Scientists,forinstance,thinkmoreintently,runmore___46____andtrytodevelopnew

theorieswhenrunningacrossanunusualorexpectedfinding.

Onewayresearchersstudiedthechildrenwasbyusingaballandawall.Theyrolledtheballdownarampand

towardthewall.Inone___47____,theballhitthewall,asababywould___48____expect.Intheother,theball

passedthroughahiddendoorinthewall,sparkingthebabics?inquisitiveness.

Theresponsebytheinfantswasnotreflexiveorautomatic,Stahlsaid,butacontemplativeattempttofigureout

whathappened.

Thefindingsshowthatwhen___49____withtheunexpected,babieslearnabouttheobjectbetter,explorethe

objectmoreandcomeupwiththeirownhypothesisforwhytheobject___50____inacertainway.

Keys:41-50EFGBCKHJ1D

4.七宝中学

A.communityB.serviceC.emotionalD.witnessedE.effortsF.Volunteered

G.importantH.ceremonyI.democraticJ.spiritK.obligation

StudentsHornor9/11ThroughVolunteering

InthedaysafterSept.11,2001,thousandspouredintoGroundZerotolendtheirhandsinoneofthelargest

recoveryeffortsinAmericanhistory.Now,12yearslater,collegesarefindingwaystochannelthesame_41_into

serviceprojectsintheirowncommunitiesonSeptember11th.

M9/l1issuchan_42_touchstoneforourcountry,Ithinkpeoplewanttofindwaystodosomething,and

studentsaswell/'saysKevinKruger,presidentofthestudentaffairsgroupNationalAssociationofStudentPersonnel

Administrators."Theideaofgivingsomethingbacktothe_43_tiesinwelltotheemotionalsignificanceofthat.*'

Thoughnocornerofthecountrywasuntouchedbytheterroristattacks,theyespeciallyrockedNewYork

Universityon9/11.LessthantwomilesfromGroundZero,students44___theplane-on-towerimpactfromtheir

dormrooms.Theuniversitycoordinatedsheltersandcounselinginthedaysafterward.

Becauseofthis,NYUpublicaffairsdirectorPhilipLentzsaysthevolunteerworkthestudentsdothisweekhas

a“specialrelevance.1'Studentstoday_45_atarescuemission,wrotecardsfortroopsandveteransandmade

donationsforthefamiliesofvictimsandfirstresponderson9/11.

“NYUfeelsithasaspecial_46—toofferthisserviceopportunitytostudentsthatareheresotheycangive

backtothecommunitythatwassodevastatedbytheattacks,"Lentzsays.

SimilardeedshavebeentakingplaceinGeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C..”Forthepastfive

yearsatGW,freshmenhaveboardedbusesimmediatelyaftertheirofficialwelcome_47inearlySeptemberto

headalloverthenation*scapitalandvolunteerin_48_thataidtheenvironment,education,veteransandcommunity

organizations,saysAmyCohen,theuniversity'sdirectorforcivicengagementandpublicservice..

MWehopethatstudentswilllearnthatcommunity_49_ispartofhowwebuildstrongcommunitiesanda

vibrant_50_society,'*Cohenwroteinane-mailtoUSATODAY.MWeaskstudentstoreflectonthetragedyof9/11

andtousethisdayasawaytodemonstratecivicengagementandcommunitybuilding."

Keys：41.CD42.C43.A44.D45.AC46.ABC47.BC48.AB49.B50.BD

5.延安高中

A.MentallyB.functionC.escapeD.proposedE.physicallyF.phenomenon

G.distractingH.subjectI.performJ.preservedK.Reflective

Lastmonth,25peoplediedand130wereinjuredinatraincrashnearLosAngeles.Thecausewasacellphone.In

threehoursofworkbeforethecrash,oneoftheengineersreceived28textmessagesandsent29more.Hesenthislast

message22secondsbeforeimpact,justafterpassingasignalthatwouldhavealertedhimtothedisasterahead.

Scientistscallthis41Hinattentionblindness".Themind,capturedbytheworldinsidethephone,becomes

blindtotheworldoutsideit.Millionsofpeoplemoveamongusinthishalf-absentstate.___42___,theyYelivingin

anotherworld.

Inmanyways,mobilephonesarewonderful.Throughthephone,youcan43theborderofyour

environment.Theproblemisthatphysically,you'restilllivinginthatenvironment.Likeothercreatures,you've

evolvedto44inthenaturalworld,onesettingatatime.Naturehasnevertestedaspecies'abilitytofunctionin

twoworldsatonce.

Sohowisthismultitaskingexperimentgoing?Notsowell.Inthenationwidesurvey,45percentofAmericanssaid

they'vebeenhitornearlyhitbyadriveronacellphone.Studiesshowthatthemoretasksyoudumpondrivers,the

worsethey45

Ourperformanceonthetwo-worldstest,likeallevolutionaryexperiments,canbemeasuredin-death.TheFederal

RailroadAdministrationreportssevencell-phone-relatedrailwayaccidentsinthelastthreeyears,fiveofthemfatal.

Today,we'reso46tomobiledevicesthatwerelyonthemeventotranslatethephysicalworld.Misledby

withGlobalPositioningSystemdevices,peoplearedrivingcarsintorivers,trees,andsandpiles.Twicethisyearin

BedfordHills,N.Y.,drivershavecausedtraincrashesbysteeringontothetrackbecausetheirGPSmistookitforaroad.

Warningsigns,pavementmarkings,and___47___train-signalmasts（柱子）failedtostopthem.Theytrustedthe

dashboard（仪表盘）,notthewindshield（挡风玻璃）.

Ifwedon'twantthistwo-worldsexperimenttoberegulatednature'sway,thenwedbetterregulate'itourselves.

Hereareafew48rulesoftheroad.Multitaskingisagloriousgift.Wecan'tbanit,norshouldwe.Wanttophone

yourspouseoryourofficewhilewalking?Fine.Theonlylifeatstakeisyours.Wanttoturnonyourcarradioormusic

player?Fine.Listeningiseasierthantalking,andyoucanmentallyor___49___shutitoffwhennecessary.Wantto

chatwifeyourpassenger?Fineagain.Studiesindicatethatpassengerconversationsareless___50___thanphone