2021新高考英语人教版一轮复习课时作业必修4Unit1Womenofachievement

Unit1Womenofachievement课时作业Ⅰ.阅读(2020·广西柳州市高三上学期摸底考试)DrNancyRoman,bornin1925,whowascelebratedasapioneerforfemalescientistsandhadadvancedthelaunchoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope,diedonDec.25,2018.WhenNancyRomanaskedforpermissiontotakeasecondalgebra(代数)courseinhighschool,ateacherdemandedtoknow“whatladywouldtakemathematicsinsteadofLatin”.Incollege,aprofessoradmittedthatheoftentriedtopreventwomenfrommajoringinphysicsbutNancystucktoit.AndafterreceivingDoctor'sdegreeinastronomy,shefoundaprofessionalhomeatNASA(美国宇航局).In1959,DrRomanbecamethefirstchiefofastronomyatNASAheadquarters,arolethatmadeheroneoftheagency'sfirstfemaleleaders.DrRomanspentmuchofhercareerhelpingdevelop,fundandpromotetechnologythatwouldhelpscientistsseemoreclearlybeyondEarth'satmosphere.Buthermostwell­knownworkwasperhapsleadingtodesigntheHubbleSpaceTelescope,thefirstmajortelescopetobesentintospaceforthepurposeofgatheringphotographsanddatafromtheuniverse.Shewas,therefore,namedas“themotherofHubble”.“Shemadeitpossibletogettheearlytelescopeupintospacetolearnwhatneededtobelearned，”saidsciencehistorianBobZimmerman,“andherhard­nosednaturehelpedgetthetelescopebuilt.”Thetelescopedidnotlaunchuntil1990,alittlemorethanadecadeafterDrRomanretired,butwhenitdid,itsphotographsoftheuniversethrilledtheworld.“Iamglad，”sheoncetoldScience,“IignoredthepeoplewhotoldmethatIcouldnotbeanastronomer.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国天文学家NancyRoman传奇的一生。文章旨在告诉我们坚持自己的梦想，你一定会成为你想成为的那个人！1．Whatcanweconcludefromtheteacher'sreactiontoNancyRoman'sapplicationfortakingasecondalgebracourse?A．Theteacherdoubtedit.B．Theteacherdidn'tcareaboutit.C．Theteacheraccepteditatonce.D．Theteacherwasstronglyagainstit.答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，在中学时当NancyRoman请求批准再参加代数课程时，一位老师要求知道“哪个女士会选择数学而不是拉丁语？”可推知老师持怀疑的态度，故选A。2．WhatwasthemostfamousachievementofNancyRoman'swork?A．ShewasoneofthefoundersofNASA.B．Sheprovedtheblackholereallyexisted.C．Shewasthefirstfemaleastronomerintheworld.D．SheledtodesigntheHubbleSpaceTelescope.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“但是她最著名的工作也许是带领设计哈勃空间望远镜，这是第一个被送入太空的大型望远镜，目的是从宇宙中收集照片和数据。”可知选D。3．WhendidDrNancyRomanprobablyretire?A．In1969. B．In1979.C．In1990. D．In2000.答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thetelescopedidnotlaunchuntil1990,alittlemorethanadecadeafterDrRomanretired”(这种望远镜直到1990年才发射升空，在Roman博士退休后的十多年)可推知选B。4．WhatcanwelearnfromDrNancyRoman'swordsinthelastparagraph?A．Shewasveryproudofwhatshehaddoneforthecountry.B．Shethoughthighlyofthepeoplewhohadn'tbelievedher.C．Shewasdelightedtohavebeeanastronomerinspiteoftheprejudiceonher.D．Shehadhard­nosednatureandnevercaredaboutotherpeople'sopinions.答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“IignoredthepeoplewhotoldmethatIcouldnotbeanastronomer.”(我不在乎那些告诉我我不能成为天文学家的人。)可推知选C。【词汇积累】①launchn.(产品的)上市；(事件的)发起②hard－nosedadj.顽强的；不屈不挠的③thrillvt.使非常兴奋；使非常激动【长难句分析】In1959,DrRomanbecamethefirstchiefofastronomyatNASAheadquarters,arolethatmadeheroneoftheagency'sfirstfemaleleaders.1959年，罗曼博士成为美国国家航空航天局(NASA)总部的首位天文学部门主管，这一职位使她成为该机构首批女性领导人之一。分析：这是一个简单句，arolethatmadeheroneoftheagency'sfirstfemaleleaders作thefirstchiefofastronomyatNASAheadquarters的同位语，其中that后引导一个定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词arole。Ⅱ.完形填空Onemorning,PrincipalAnnetteLopezknewthatoutof750studentsabout400ofthem1breakfastfromthecafeteria.So,shethrewonahairnet,some2andanapron,andstartedservingthekidsherself.“Whenyou3thatmanystudents,thereisnowaythatonelineisjustgoingtodoit，”Lopez4localreporters.“Iloveditandthekidshad5.Oneofthekidssaid,‘Hey,Iknowyou.’andIsaid,‘Yes,I'mthe6.’”Despitebeingtheprincipal,Lopezdidnotfeelshewastoo7onthetotempole(图腾柱)toservefood.Infact,shefeltitwasherdutytoputonahairnetand8.“Thekidslovedit.Theywere9，‘MsLopez,Ididn'tknowyouwereacafeterialady,too.’AndsoIkepttellingthem,‘Youknow,principalsdowhateverittakes，’”Lopezsaid.“It10totheteachers,andthat'swhentheystartedtaking11.”AphotoofLopezbehindthecounter,12eggsforkids,waspostedontheelementaryschool'sTwitter.Within2413，ithad300likes.Shebecameabitofa14celebritywhenherteachersandstudentsbegan15thepicture.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位名叫Lopez的小学校长因给400多名学生做早餐而成为当地网红的故事。1．A.received B．broughtC．sold D．refused答案：A孩子们来吃早餐，是从食堂员工手中接过早餐，因此用receive，故选A。2．A.clothes B．socksC．gloves D．dresses答案：C根据生活常识可知，因为要帮忙，校长匆忙戴上发网、手套(gloves)和围裙，故选C。3．A.serve B．teachC．realize D．cook答案：A前文中的“startedservingthekidsherself”是提示，故此空选A。4．A.invited B．toldC．remembered D．acquired答案：B“这么多学生需要吃饭，一排是肯定不够的”是校长面对采访时告诉(tell)记者的话。故选B。5．A.scar B．funC．fortune D．patience答案：B该空所缺名词应与“lovedit”感情色彩一致。句意：我喜欢这样做，孩子们也吃得很愉快(fun)。故选B。6．A.principal B．expertC．teacher D．employer答案：A有的学生会说“我知道你是谁”，校长回答说：“我是校长(principal)”。故选A。7．A.low B．inspiringC．significant D．high答案：D虽然身为校长，Lopez并不觉得自己身价太高(high)而不能为孩子们做早餐。故选D。8．A.helpout B．goawayC．referto D．findout答案：A校长戴上发网是为了帮忙(helpout)，让孩子们顺利吃上早饭。故选A。9．A.about B．asC．like D．for答案：C这里表示“孩子们很喜欢，他们会这样对我说……”。like“像……”，符合题意。故选C。10．A.gotin B．gotdownC．gotaway D．gotaround答案：D消息“传播到了老师们那里”，getaround“传开来”。故选D。11．A.messages B．examsC．pictures D．lessons答案：C根据后文中的“AphotoofLopezbehindthecounter”可知，这里指拍照。故选C。12．A.preparing B．expectingC．feeding D．growing答案：A校长为孩子们做早餐，所以这里指她在为孩子们准备(preparing)鸡蛋。故选A。13．A.benefits B．scoresC．years D．hours答案：D根据常识并结合选项可知，这里指“24小时(hours)内”。故选D。14．A.national B．localC．international D．specific答案：B根据前文中的“localreporters”和“theelementaryschool'sTwitter”可知，影响范围是本地。故选B。15．A.limited B．increasingC．spreading D．enjoying答案：C老师和学生开始传开(spreading)这张照片时，校长成了当地的名人。故选C。Ⅲ.七选五(2020·甘肃省会宁一中高三第一次月考)FourHabitstoHelpYouSucceedNobodywouldliketoexperiencefailure.Weallwanttosucceed.Forthosewhohavetriedandfailed,successseemsdifficulttounderstand.1•Knowyourvalues.Findingyourvaluesisinlinewithcreatingmotivation.2Pickahandfulofthingsandwritethemdown.Remindyourselfofyourvalueseverydayandreflectonwhetheryouarehonoringthosevaluesthroughyourwork.•3Chooseonegoaltostartsomethinglargeenoughthatwillgiveyouasenseofachievement,whileadjustingwelltoyourvalues.Ifyouwanttoachieveyourgoal,focusisthekeyhere.4Ifyouperformmanytasksatatime,youmightneverfinishyourprojectsbecausetheywilltakefartoolong.•Setatimeforsuccess.Setadateforsuccess.Knowwhenyouhopetorealizeyourgoal.5Bysettingatimelimit,youaremakingtheprocessrealistic.•Don'tgiveupbecauseoffailure.Failurecan'tbeavoidedwhenyoutakerisks.Byitsverydefinition,thedesiretosucceedmeansyouareriskingfailure.Manypeopletendtogiveupfartooearly.Don'tfallintothistrap!Usefailure.Treatitasagoodthing,andgoon.A．Maketherightdecision.B．Pickagoalandfocusonit.C．Themorefocusedyouareononegoal,thehigherchanceyouhaveofsuccess.D．Keepitrealistic,whilenotgivingyourselftoomuchtime.E．Ihavemadealistoffourhabitstohelpyousetgoalsandrealizethem.F．Sitandreflectonwhatyouvaluemost.G．Pushyourselftobecourageous,andtakethatnextstep.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个习惯可以帮助你取得成功。1．E根据文章标题以及设空位置可知，设空处为过渡句，E项(我列出了四个习惯来帮助你设定目标并实现它们。)符合语境，引出下文，故选E。2．F根据本段小标题“Knowyourvalues.”可知，本段主要讲的是明确价值观。结合选项可知，F项(坐下来思考一下你最看重什么。)符合语境，故选F。3．B此空是小标题，应与其他小标题一致，使用祈使句。再根据本段第一句“选择一个目标，开始做一些足够大的事情，让你有成就感，同时很好地适应你的价值观。”可知，B项(选择一个目标并专注于它。)整体概括本段内容，故选B。4．C根据空格前“如果你想实现你的目标，专注是关键。”可知，C项(你越专注于一个目标，你成功的机会就越大。)承接上文，故选C。5．D根据本段小标题以及空格后“通过设定一个时间限制，你正在使这个过程变成现实。”可知，D项(保持现实，同时不要给自己太多的时间。)照应小标题，呼应下文，关键词是realistic。故选D。Ⅳ.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Whenpeopleintroducethemselves,Ialwayshearthemsay“I'mjustahousewife.”Idon'tunderstandwhytheirintroductionisalwaysfilledwithregretandself－pity.Isitreallyacrimetobeahousewife?Isitreallyembarrassingwhenyouchoosenottoworkoutsideandinsteadchoosetoworkinyourhome?Howcouldyoube“justahousewife”whenthebasicsocialunitofsocietydependsonyouandyourservice?Ahousewifeworksforthelongesthours,supportingyourhusband,childstudies,caringforelders,managingfinances,payingbills,groceryshopping,cookingaccordingtoindividualtaste,cleaning,etc.Ahousewifecouldbeanyone:daughter,wife,mother,teacher,financialadvisor,fashiondesignerandnurse,gardener,driver,cookandsoon.Don'tthinkyouarenotbeingpaidforit.Yougettherewardthatnomoneycanoffer—theloveandaffectionofyourfamily,theirtrustinyou,ahappyhomeandyourownsatisfaction.Itisyouwhochoosetobeinthisoccupation,willinglyorforanyotherreason.Afterabusyday,allwaittoreturntothefortablehomesetbyyou.Theyknowyo