专题03阅读理解之推理判断题（讲义）

专题03阅读理解之推理判断题(讲义)目录TOC\o"13"\p""\h\z\u考点阅读理解之推理判断题1页1页4页【真题研析·规律探寻】4页考向1考查引申推断4页考向2考查目的和意图5页考向3考查文章出处7页考向4考查写作态度9页考向5考查预测文章走势10页考向6考查写作手法11页考向7考查描述人物或事件特征11页考向8考查读者对象13页考向9考查文章结构14页【核心提炼·考向探究】15页1．命题规律15页2．常用解题方法16页【题型特训·命题预测】21页预测考向1考查引申推断21页预测考向2考查写作目的和意图22页预测考向3考查对事件和人物的描述23页预测考向4考查写作方法24页预测考向5考查文章出处25页预测考向6考查作者写作态度26页考点阅读理解之推理判断题考情分析：分析20212023年新高考阅读理解推理判断题考向分布。（1）引申推断考点题型推理判断之引申推断阅读理解2023试卷类型设问考点[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]B()24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?引申推断[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]D()34.WhatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninParagraph5?引申推断[2023年1月·浙江卷]B26．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?引申推断[2023·全国甲卷]D()35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?引申推断[2023·全国乙卷]B()26.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?引申推断20222022·新高考I卷阅读A23.3.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?C篇31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?引申推断212021·全国新高考I卷C篇30．WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?引申推断2021·全国新高考II卷D篇34．WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?引申推断（2）文章出处考点题型推理判断之文章出处阅读理解2023试卷类型设问考点[2023·全国乙卷]D35.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?文章出处[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]C28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?文章出处20222022·新高考I卷阅读A21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?文章出处2022·全国高考乙卷阅读B27.Whatisthetext?文章出处20212021·英语全国甲卷A篇23．Wherecanthetextbefound?文章出处[2022年1月（浙江卷）]26．Whatisthetext?文章出处（3）写作态度考点题型推理判断之写作态度阅读理解2023试卷类型设问考点[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]D35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?写作态度[2023年1月·浙江卷]B25．Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?写作态度20212021·新高考I卷阅读D34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?写作态度20202020年新课标Ⅰ卷C篇31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?写作态度（4）目的和意图考点题型推理判断之目的和意图阅读理解2023试卷类型设问考点[2023年1月·浙江卷]28．WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?C34．Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?D目的和意图[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?B28.Whatisthebookaimedat?C目的和意图[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningtheereader?C目的和意图20222022·新高考I卷阅读B24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?目的和意图2021·全国新高考ID篇33．Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?目的和意图2021·全国新高考II卷D篇34．WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?目的和意图（5）预测文章走势考点题型预测文章走势阅读理解2023试卷类型设问考点[2023·全国乙卷]C31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?预测文章走势总结高考考点，探究推理判断题的命题规律。近年来，高考阅读理解推理判断题主要考查：引申推断、目的和意图、作者态度、文章出处和文章走势。考点要求考题统计考情分析引申推断3年15考【命题规律】根据新高考三年的考情分析，推理判断题主要集中考查：引申推断、目的和意图、作者态度。有时考查文章出处、文章走势、读者对象、文章结构、写作方法等。所有这些都是新课标中明确指出的考试形式，我们都不能忽视，切勿掉以轻心。【命题预测】2024年高考还会考查推理判断题，一般在试卷中考查占50%以上的阅读理解小题的比率。以考查引申推断、目的和意图、作者态度为主。文章出处3年6考目的和意图3年12考预测文章走势3年1考写作态度3年4考考向1考查引申推断题1.（2023年1月•浙江卷·阅读理解B篇节选）Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.26．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A．Sheisquitegoodatcooking. B．Sherespectsothers’privacy.C．Sheenjoysbeingahousewife. D．Sheisadeterminedperson.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.(然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。2.(2023•全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇)Obviously,ifprecautions(预防)aren’ttaken,grizzliescanbeetroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractantfreeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,”saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.()35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容,尤其是JamesJonkel的话“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractantfreeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits…”可知,通过预防措施,灰熊就不会学到坏习惯,人们就可以与灰熊和谐共处。故选B。关键词句细推敲:关键词句细推敲:第一步：定位细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。第二步：揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。考向2考查目的和意图1.（2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B）WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancercausingchemicals?Withtherightbinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallanecomachine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfibreglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheecomachinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouselikefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.HealsodesignedanecomachinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoselfrepair.”()26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohnsidea.C.TopareJohn’sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouselikefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.HealsodesignedanecomachinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.”可知,多年来,约翰做了许多重要的工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施,可以处理南伯灵顿1600个家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。由此可知,作者提及福州的目的是展示约翰的想法的应用。2.（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks”,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebeeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevenpletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsinmunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21stcenturypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybatterypoweredereader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“offline”activity.()31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningtheereader?A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一本关于书本的书,该书通过来自世界各地博物馆的艺术作品展现了读书场景在历史中的呈现和超越文化和时间的人性共同点。【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Continueddevelopmentsinmunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21stcenturypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybatterypoweredereader.”(过去曾经认为持续发展的通讯技术将使印刷页面过时。从21世纪的角度来看,印刷书籍确实是古老的,但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。)可推知,作者提到电子阅读器是为了说明印刷的书并没有完全过时。故选A项。此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。考向3考查文章出处1.（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks”,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebeeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevenpletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsinmunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21stcenturypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybatterypoweredereader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“offline”activity.()28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook.B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum.D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.”(《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一种日常物品——书籍的颂扬,在这本书中,书籍被来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品展示。)及下文内容可知,本文主要是对于《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书的介绍。由此可推知,本文可能取自对一本书的介绍。故选A项。“推断文章出处”类试题应从“推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处：旅游指南类文章(atravelguide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。广告英语类文章(anadvertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。课件展示类文章(aclasspresentation)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。网络网页类文章(anInternetpage)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如Formoreinformation,pleaseclickhere.新闻报道类文章(anewsreport)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容最重要。研究报告类文章(aresearchpaper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。图书评论类文章(abookreview)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。科普杂志类文章(asciencemagazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。2.（2023•全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇）Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnonliteratehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmisprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnonliteratesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirsthandaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.()35.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld.B.AShortHistoryofAustralia.C.AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects.D.HowArtWorksTellStories.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat…”和最后一段中“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade…”可知,本书包括了很多能够反映历史的物品。由此可推知,本文最有可能出自《100件文物中的世界史》这本书。故选C项。考向4考查写作态度（2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇）Inafollowupstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecisionmakingareenormous.()35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecisionmakingareenormous.”可知,虽然纳瓦哈斯领导的研究有局限性,仍然存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此推知,作者对纳瓦哈斯的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。句中Although是重要的解题信息，它表达了一种语气，预示着作者是正能力的态度，而选项中只有Dapproving是褒义词。句中Although是重要的解题信息，它表达了一种语气，预示着作者是正能力的态度，而选项中只有Dapproving是褒义词。考向5考查预测文章走势（2023•全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇）WhatesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?EventhoughBritainhasareputationforlessthanimpressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeatandtwovegandreadymademealsandbeingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.ItisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK'sobsession(痴迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.()31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Theartofcookinginothercountries.B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.C.TablemannersintheUK.D.Studiesofbigeaters.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章尾句“WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,itsnolonger‘uncool’forboystolikecooking.”可知,随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上,男孩喜欢烹饪已经不再是“不酷”的事了。由此可推知,接下来作者可能会接着讨论电视节目上的男厨师们。故选B项。做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来叙述)，从而作出比较科学的，合情合理的猜测。和原文中表达一致的答案，一定不能选。做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来叙述)，从而作出比较科学的，合情合理的猜测。和原文中表达一致的答案，一定不能选。考向6考查写作手法

（2012•全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇）Grownupsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(尝试)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学习)foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.A.presentingresearchfindingsB.settingdowngeneralrulesC.makingaparisonD.usingexamples【答案】D【解析】根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：practicesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem和Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。考向7考查描述人物或事件特征（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B）Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogrammeatfourlowineschools.Theprogrammeaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighbourhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallyetoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theyetousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehandsonexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flowerandseeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programmeevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogramme’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”()26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogramme?A.Farreaching.B.Predictable.C.Shortlived.D.Unidentifiable.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…theprogramme’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents…”可知,该项目的好处不仅限于营养。一些学生对园艺工作非常感兴趣,他们会把种子带回家,开始种自己的菜园。此外,在花园工作似乎对Jaramillo的接受特殊教育的学生有镇静作用。由此可推知,这个项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。【描写人物事物特征的形容词】【描写人物事物特征的形容词】generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的;苛求的;费力的;要求极严的;难满足的；impatient不耐烦的；outgoing外向的；easygoing随和的；organized有条理的；modest谦虚的；optimistic乐观的；cautious小心，谨慎的；caring乐于助人的;关心他人的;体贴人的；skillful熟练的;灵巧的;擅长于(at;in);制作精巧的；responsible负责任的；determined有决心的；modest谦虚的；creative有创造力的；ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒险的；cooperative有合作意识的；honest诚实的；capableadj.有能力的,有才能的；confidentadj.自信的；diligentadj.勤奋的；voluntaryadj.自愿的,主动的；energeticadj.精力旺盛的；humorousadj.幽默的；enthusiasticadj.热情的；experiencedadj.有经验的；intelligent聪明的;智能的;有才智的;悟性强的;有智力的;grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；athletic运动型;体育运动的;健壮的；patient有耐心的；innovative创新的；tolerant忍受的；positive积极的；mitted坚信的;尽心尽力的;坚定的；considerate体贴的；ashamed惭愧的;regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；overjoyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬的；proud自豪的；courageous勇敢的;无畏的；independent独立的；sensitive敏感的。考向8考查读者对象（湖南、江西、安徽等地）高三联考·阅读理解A）Writeaonepagereporttitled“TheBestBookIReadThisYear”andenteritintheBoys’Life2020“SayYestoReading!”contest.Thebookcanbefictionornonfiction.Butthereporthastobeinyourownwords—500wordstops.Enterinoneofthesethreeagecategories:8yearsoldandyounger9and10yearsold11yearsoldandolderFirstplacewinnersineachagecategorywillreceivea$100giftcardfromAmazon.Secondplacewinnerswillreceivea$75giftcard;thirdplacewinners,a$50giftcard.Everyonewhoenterswillgetafreepatchliketheoneonthispage.Thepatchisatemporarysign,soitcanbewornontherightpocketoftheScoutuniformshirt.Proudlydisplayitthereoronanotheritemsuchasavest,plaqueortrophy!Iningyears,you’llhavetheopportunitytoearnotherpatches.ThecontestisopentoallBoys’Lifereaders.Besuretoincludeyourname,address,ageandgradeinschoolontheentry.Sendyourreport,alongwithabusinesssize,selfaddressed,stampedenvelope,to:Boys’LifeReadingContestS306P.O.Box152079Irving,TX750152079EntriesmustbepostmarkedbyDec.31,2020andmustincludeentryinformationandaselfaddressed,stampedenvelope.Whoarethecontestintendedfor?A．Allschoolstudents. B．Onlyteenagers. C．Boy’sLifereaders. D．Boystudents.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“ThecontestisopentoallBoys’Li