人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions 单词讲义素材

Book1Unit4Wordsandexpressions1.disaster

n

．灾害；灾难disastrousadj.灾难性的自然灾害

natura

disasters

空难

an

air

disaster

/

crash

An

earthquake

hit

/

struck

the

city

last

night.灾区

disaster

-

hit

/

disaster

-

stricken

areastornado

/

typhoon

龙卷风

drought

干旱flood

洪水

landslide

滑坡tsunami

海啸hurricane

飓风volcanic

eruption

火山爆发2.slide-slid

-

slid

vt/vi1)（使）滑行／滑动

The

kids

Slid

_

down

the

grassy

slope.从草坡上滑下来2)（使）悄移到；（使）悄悄移动

The

thief

slid

/

slipped

intothe

room

when

we

were

sleeping.溜进

He

slid

the

money

quickly

into

his

pocket.补：

flood

1)

A

great

sense

of

relief

flooded

over

him

．他深感宽慰2)

Memories

of

childhood

came

flooding

back

/

in.童年的记忆涌上心头3)

Telephone

calls

came

flooding

in

from

all

over

the

country

.全国各地的电话像潮水般打来.3.

rescue

n

/

vt

把某人从某地营救出来

rescue

sb

from

…

She

was

rescued

from

the

burning

house.2)救援；营救（来／去）营救某人

come

/

go

to

one’

s

rescue

救援工人

rescue

workers

=rescuer

It

was

not

long

before

they

came

to

my

rescue

.他们不久就来营救我了

4.

damage

vt/n

damaging

adj

有害的vt.损坏；损害

Don’t

damage

your

health

for

a

good

figure

.

My

car

was

severely

damaged,

but

luckily

the

children

were

not

hurt

.[

U

］损害／坏；损失对．.．造成伤害

do

/

cause

(

extensive

)

damage

to

脑损伤

brain

damage

Man

has

caused

serious

damage

to

his

home

over

the

years

.严重伤害他的家园

5.

destroy-destroyed-destroyed

vt摧毁；毁掉destruction

n

破坏，毁坏

destructive

adj

有破坏力的毁掉某人的信心／希望

destroy

one’sconfidence

/

hopebe

destroyedin

the

fire

The

flood

caused

serious

destruction

to

the

village

.区分：

damage

通常指部分性损坏；可修复的破坏；

destroy

指彻底的毁坏或毁灭，通常不可修复6.

evacuate

vt

/

vi

疏散；撤离

evacuation

n.疏散；撤离Children

were

evacuated

from

the

building

to

escape

the

bombing

.7.

death

n.死；死亡die(die-died-died-dying)vi./vt.死亡deadadj.死去的吓／无聊得要死

befrightened

/

boredto

deathbedying

forsth极其想要某物

be

dying

to

do

sth极其想要做某事

There

are

eleven

deaths

from

the

car

crash.有11人死亡

The

sound

of

their

laughter

died

away

.逐渐消失When

the

applause

died

down

,

she

began

her

speech

.逐渐平息8.

affect

vt

.effect

n.影响，结果，效应；效果

affection

n.喜爱

affectionate

adj.慈爱的1)

vt

．影响（=

influence

)那些受到地震影响的人

those

affected

by

the

earthquake2)

vt

to

impress

;

to

move

(

usually

passive

)

She

was

affected

by

the

story.深深打动拓展：对……有影响

hove

an

effect

on

原因和结果

cause

and

effect

副作用

side

effect

come

into

effect

/

take

effect

开始生效9.

shelter

v

/

n

.1)[

C

]．避难所；躲避处为幸存者建避难所

build

shelter

for

survivors

2)[

U

］保护；庇护；掩蔽躲雨（

take

/

find

)

shelter

from

the

rain

v

．保护；掩蔽；为．.．提供避难所

the

shelteredlife

of

childhood

life

shelter

sb

/

sth

from

…

保护这个地区免受…袭击

protect/shelter

the

area

fromsand

storms

9.

crack

n

/

v

1)

n.This

cup

has

a

crack

in

it

.裂缝2)

vt

./

vi

.（使）破裂

The

boy

failed

to

crack

the

walnut.没能砸开核桃10.

ruin

n

/

v

1)

n.毁坏；废墟（常用复数）严重受损；破败不堪（

be

/

lie

)

in

ruins

The

war

between

the

two

countries

left

the

area

in

ruins

（使这一地区破败不堪；

leave

)2)

vt

毁坏，破坏，糟蹋；使破产毁掉某人的健康／事业／前途／名声ruin

one’s

health

/

career

/

future

/

reputationWe

visited

the

ruins

of

the

Summer

Palace

last

summer

.

It

was

ruinedby

foreign

invaders

.This

mistake

ruined

his

chancesof

gettinga

promotion

11.

shock

v

/

n

shocked

adj.感到震惊的shockingadj.令人震惊的1)[

U

］震惊；休克［

C

］令人震惊的事情culture

shock

文化冲击处于震惊状态

in

shock

/

in

a

state

of

shock

让某人非常震惊

come

as

a

shock

(

to

sb

)The

news

of

his

death

came

as

a

shock

to

us.

（让我们大为震惊）2)

vt

使震惊,对…感到震惊

be

shocked

at

令人震惊的消息

shocking

news

The

girl

was

too

shocked

to

describewhathadhappened.12.

trap

v

/

n

1)

vt

trap

-

trapped

-

trapped

-

trapping

使陷入困境；使中计／圈套被困在…

be

trapped

in

诱使某人做某事

trap

sb

into

doing

sth

Trapped

in

a

traffic

jam

,

I

was

late

for

work.

遇到堵车Some

of

the

rescue

workerswere

trapped

in

ruins.

被困在废墟中The

children

trapped

in

the

burning

were

saved

at

last.被困在燃烧房子里的孩子们2)

n.

陷阱；圈套，诡计为…设下圈套

Set

a

trap

for

…步入陷阱

fall

/

walk

into

a

trap

13

bury–buried–burying

vt

掩埋；埋葬双手掩面

bury

one’s

face

in

one’s

handsWe

need

to

bury

the

dead

bodies

as

soon

as

possible

to

stop

the

disease

spreading.On

hearing

the

news

,

she

buried

her

face

in

hand

（双手掩面）

and

cried

.

The

volcano

erupted

and

the

lava

poured

down

the

mountains

,

burying

several

villages.2)

bury

oneself

in

(

doing

)

sth

/

be

buried

in

(

doing

)

sth

专心做……Since

he

took

over

the

project

,

he

has

been

buried

in

hiswork.

Burying

himself

in

a

book

（专心致志地看书）,

he

didn’t

notice

me

come

in

.14

breathe

vt

/

vi

/呼吸

breathn.呼吸

breathlessadj.气喘吁吁气喘吁吁

out

of

breath深呼吸

take

a

deep

breath屏气

hold

one’sbreath喘气

catch

one’sbreathThe

baby

fell

asleep

,

breathing

deeply

and

evenly.He

held

his

breath

while

the

results

were

read

out

.Gasping

for

breath

,

she

leanedagainstthe

door

.15.

revive

vt

./

vi

．复活；苏醒revivaln.复苏；振兴Tangshan

began

to

revive

itself

and

get

up

on

its

feet

again

.(重新站起来)

World

trade

is

showing

signs

of

a

revival。The

doctors

tried

in

vain

to

revive

him

.16.

effort

n

.努力

effortlessadj.不需努力的尽全力做某事

make

every

effort

to

do

sth

.不遗余力做某事

spare

no

effort

to

do

sth

努力做某事

make

an

effort

to

do

sth

为了做某事

in

an

effort

/

attempt

to

do

sth

.费力地／毫不费力

with

/

withouteffortAll

his

efforts

were

ended

in

failture（以失败告终／白费了）

were

rewarded.She

made

great

effort

to

hide

/

conceal

/

disguise

his

embarrassment

.Greg

has

gone

on

a

diet

in

an

effort

to

lose

weight.

（为了减肥）17.

unify

vt

/

vi

使成一体；统一

unite

vt

/

vi

使联合／团结

united

adj.联合的；团结的

unityn.团结；联合union

n.协会；俱乐部；联盟同心协力

make

a

unitedeffort

学生会

the

Student’s

UnionUnited

Kingdom

/

Nations

Union

is

strength

.团结就是力量

18.

wise

adj.明智的；聪明的wisdomn.智慧；才智明智的决定

a

wise

decision

某人做某事是明智的

it

is

wise

ofsb

to

do

sth

.

A

man

of

great

wisdom

often

appears

slow.

大智若愚19.

context

n.语境；上下文；背景

guess

the

meaning

of

the

words

from

the

context

.20.suffer

vt

遭受；蒙受

vi受苦Suffering

n.苦难；痛苦；折磨经受一系列苦难

go

through

a

seriesof

sufferings遭受痛苦／失败／损失

sufferpain

/

failure

/

losses

因…而受苦；患…病

sufferfrom

(

poverty

/

a

cold

/

heart

disease

)The

incident

evoked

memories

of

his

past

sufferings

.21.

erupt

vt

/

vi

火山爆发

eruption

n.爆发1)

An

active

volcano

may

erupt

at

any

time

.2)eruptionofviolence3)

erupt

into

laughter

/

fury

（某种情绪的）爆发4)

The

room

erupted

again

into

thunderous

/

deafening

cheers

and

applause

.22.

supply

n

./

vt

.1)

n

．供应，供应量；补给品（常用复数）学校医疗用品

school

/

medical

supplies

供应和需求

supply

and

demand

切断电力供应

cut

off

the

supply

of

electricity

Water

is

short

of

supply.

供应短缺Male

teachers

are

in

great

demand.

（需求量大）2)

vt

供给；供应；提供给…提供…

supply

sb

with

sth

/

supply

sth

to

sb

区分

provide

sb

withsth

/

provide

sth

forsboffer

sb

sth

/

offer

sthsb

The

media

supply

us

with

large

amounts

ofinformation

every

day.给我们提供大量信息24.

in

the

open

air

在户外；露天outdooractivities室外活动Shall

we

put

on

a

film

in

the

open

air

?25.

survive

vt

/

vi

survivaln.幸存survivorn.幸存者1）幸存；存活在地震中幸免

survive

the

earthquake

靠…生存

survive

on为生存而斗争

struggle

for

survival

2)

vt.比…活得长

She

survived

her

husband

by

ten

years

.幸存几率

chances

of

survival26.

power

n

.powerfuladj.指人）有权势的；有影响力的；指物）强有力的（反

powerless）power

failure

停电nuclear

/

wind

/

solar

power

核／风／太阳能A

is

known

to

us

,

knowledge

is

power

.We

should

never

ignore

the

power

of

nature

/

the

press

.power

of

speech

comeintopower/beinpower当权I’ll

do

everything

in

my

power

to

help

you

.27.

tap

vt

/

vi

轻叩／拍／敲

n.水龙头；轻叩／拍／敲1）敲门

tap

on

/

at

the

door

2）拍某人的肩膀

tap

sb.on

the

should

3)

开／关水龙头turn

on

/

off

the

tap

28.

whistle

n

/

v

.1)

The

lifeguardblew

his

whistle

.

吹口哨2)

The

train

whistled

when

it

pulled

into

the

station

.

火车鸣笛29.

emergency

n

．紧急情况以防有情急情况发生

incaseofemergency30.

calm

vt

/

adj

.1)

adj.冷静的／平静的

keep

calm

Her

voice

was

surprisingly

calm

.Her

previous

calm

gave

way

to

terror

.2)

vt

calm

(

sb

)

down

使平静／冷静下Take

a

few

deep

breaths

and

calm

yourself

down

.2)

eruption

of

violence

关力

s

uppxler

n

．供应高

31.

aid

n

./

v

.=assistance1)

n

.给．.．进行急救do

/

perform

/

give

/

offer

first

aidto/onsb.在…的帮助下

With

the

aid

of

…帮助某人

come

/

go

to

one’s

aid

助学金financial

aidOne

of

the

staff

saw

his

difficulty

and

came

to

my

aid

.2)

vt

帮助某人做某事

aid

sb

in

(

doing

)

sth

在某方面帮助某人

aid

sb

with

sth

The

Chinese

government

aided

several

African

countriesWithmoney

and

technology

.32.

on

hand

现有（尤指帮助）

We

don’t

have

enoug