2023-2024学年外研版（2019） 必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of Science Understanding ideas课时练（含答案）

Startingout&UnderstandingideasⅠ.单词拼写1.Mom,pleaseremembertobuytwomedium-sized(电池)formyalarmclockwhenyougotothestore.2.Wheneverthereisasaleinthesupermarket,mymotheralwaysendsupbuyinggood(物品)atalowprice.3.Hehasa(渴望)forsuccessthoughhehasfailedmanytimes.4.Suddenly,awhitelight(射出)towardsmyeyes,andIcouldseenothing.5.Ifyouwanttostartthemachine,(按)thebutton.6.Ifyouareeasytogetlost,you’dbettertakea(指南针)withyou.7.Home-workingopportunitiesand(灵活的)workinghoursaretopconcernsfortheworkingmothers.8.Alargefirmis(有能力的)ofprovidingawiderrangeofservicesforthepublic.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Developingahabitofplayingteamsportscanreduce(press)andkeepfit.2.Animalsinthezoohavelostthe(capable)tocatchfoodforthemselves.3.Aslongaswestrugglehard,ourdreamthatseemsnottoberealisedforever,canturninto(realise)soonerorlater.4.The(flexible)ofdistancelearningwouldbeparticularlysuitedtobusymanagers.5.Scientistsandengineersaroundtheworldhavemadegreat(advance)inArtificialIntelligence.6.ThemanagerthoughtPaulwasthebestpersonforthejobtermsofbothhisabilityandhisquality.7.Asweallknow,hardworkisessentialforourcareeranditcanleadsuccess.8.Thanks hisgiftforlearningforeignlanguages,Billcancommunicatewithpeoplefreelyinthiscountrynow.9.Thehotelitselfcanaccommodate80guestsandaddition,thereareseveralself-cateringapartments.10.Ifyousaytheword“communication”,mostpeoplethinkwordsandsentences.Ⅲ.单句写作1.昨天的交通事故到底是在哪里发生的?theroadaccidenthappenedyesterday?2.有那么多事情要做,她今天上午没有时间去购物了。,shewon’thavetimetogoshoppingthismorning.3.迈克有可能提前完成这项任务。thetaskaheadoftime.4.很明显,五年级的学生比一年级的学生要高。It’sobviousthatstudentsinGrade5 thoseinGrade1.5.依我看,一个人的成功不能总是从钱的角度来衡量。Inmyopinion,one’ssuccesscannotalwaysbemeasured.Ⅳ.阅读理解A17-year-oldArulMathurhasdevelopedanewfireextinguisher(灭火器)tohelpputoutwildfiresnearhouses.ThefireextinguisheriscalledtheFireActivatedCanisterExtinguisher(FACE).Overthepastthreeyears,therehavebeenalmost7,500,000acresofwildfiresinCaliforniaalone,whichdemolishnearly50,000buildings.Thishascausedmanylocalpeopletobecomehomeless.ArulgrewupinNewJerseywherewildfireswerehardlyheardof.AftermovingtoCaliforniain2012,hebegantohearaboutwildfires.Inthesummerof2019,awildfirethreatenedhisfamilytoleavetheirhome.Uponquestioninghimselfonthereasonbehindthespreadofwildfires,Arulrealizedthefact.Bythetimefirefightersgetthenoticeofawildfire,thewildfirehasalreadygrownoutofcontrol.FACEcanhelpstopwildfiresbeforetheyburnhouses.Itputsoutwildfiresbyitselfaftersensingextremeheatwithouthumans.Itcanstandtheextremeconditionwhichisahigh-temperatureenvironment.Moreover,ithasabracket(支架)thatallowsittobeplacedinavarietyofhigh-riskareas.Unliketraditionalfireextinguishers,FACEhasamixtureofwaterandanenvironmentally-friendlyfireretardant(阻燃剂)withinit.Arulsaid,“IthinkthatbyowningFACE,peoplenolongerhavetorelyonthefiredepartmenttosavetheirhouses.”Firefighterscouldfocusoncontrollingthefire,whilepeoplecouldprotecttheirhomes.HeisnowrunningapilottestwithsomeofhisfriendsfromthemediaplatformKickstarter.Hesaid,“Ingeneral,FACEhasbeenverywell-receivedthroughthemediaplatform.”Arulhasgreatinterestinfiresafetyandpreventionandactivelysearchesforwaystospreadawareness.Helovestoexploreadvancesintechnologyandheishappytogivecommunitiessomeadviceonfireprevention.Arulisnowplanningtodeveloplargerunitsforspecificuseinforestapplications.Hesaid,“Humanshaveseengreatprogressintechnology.Now,weneedtousepresenttechnologytodevelopmoreenvironmentally-friendlysolutionsforfireprevention.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demolish”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Destroy. B.Cause.C.Protect. D.Build.2.WhatcanbeknownaboutArul’sfireextinguisher?A.Ithastoworkwiththehelpofhumans.B.Itdoesverylittleharmtotheenvironment.C.Itcannotstandhightemperatures.D.Itusesthesamematerialsasatraditionalone.3.WhatdoesArulintendtodoatthemoment?A.Setupamediaplatformwithhisfriends.B.Keeppeopleupdatedonnewtechnologies.C.DevelophugerFACEforforestapplications.D.Makegreatercontributionstocleanenergy.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtobestdescribeArul?A.Friendlyandwealthy.B.Lazybutcreative.C.Hard-workingbutselfish.D.Cleverandhelpful.BSometimesapersonwhothinksinanunusualwaycanlookattheworldfromadifferentpointofview.SuchwasRichardPhillipsFeynman,arolemodelchangemaker.Bornin1918,hebeganshowingsomeunusualqualities.ThefirstsignofFeynman’suniquequalitieswasthathehadn’tyetspokenbyagethree.ButyoungFeynmanshowedatalentformathandengineering.Heenjoyedrepairinghouseholdobjects,andbuiltasimplelaboratoryinhisroom.Bythetimehewasinhighschool,hewasexperimentingthingswhichwereonlytaughttocollegestudents.AfterFeynmangraduatedfromhighschoolin1939,hestudiedatMIT.Despitethefactthathisgradesinscienceandmathwere“thebestthatwe’veseen”,accordingtoPrinceton,hewasalmostrejectedduetohisverypoorgradesinwritingandhisJewishreligion.Finally,hewasacceptedandcontinuedtostudyphysicsatPrincetonwherehegothisPhD.Hislecturesattractedmanygreatscientistsofthetime,includingAlbertEinstein.AtPrinceton,Feynmanbeganhismostfamouswork:hisworkonnuclearweapons.Hemovedtoalabandnotallofhisworktherehasbeenreleasedtothepublic,butweknowheperformedexperimentsrelatedtouranium.Afterthewar,FeynmantaughtatCornellUniversity,wherehecontinuedhisstudies.HewasalsoawardedtheNobelPrizeforhisworkinparticlephysics.Then,in1978,Feynmandevelopedcanceranddiedayearlater.ThoughFeynmanandhisworkarehonoredbyphysicistsacrosstheworld,hispersonalqualitiesandskillsarewhatreallymakehimunique.Facedwithallthechallenges,henevergaveup,doingworkthatheloveduntilthedayhedied.5.WhatdoweknowaboutRichardPhillipsFeynmanfromthetext?A.YoungFeynmanshowedhistalentineveryfield.B.FeynmanwontheNobelPrizeafterthewarended.C.YoungFeynmanenjoyedmanaginghouseholdalot.D.Feynmanwasdiagnosedwithcanceranddiedattheageof60.6.WhywasFeynmanadmittedbyPrinceton?A.BecausehewasaJewish.B.BecausehegraduatedfromMIT.C.Becausehewasverygiftedinmathandscience.D.Becausehislectureattractedmanygreatscientists.7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeRichardPhillipsFeynman?A.Selflessandfriendly.B.Talentedandstubborn.C.Intelligentanddevoted.D.Strong-willedandhumorous.8.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A.RichardPhillipsFeynman’sUnusualQualitiesB.RichardPhillipsFeynman—ARespectedScientistC.ATouchingStoryAboutRichardPhillipsFeynmanD.TheInfluenceofRichardPhillipsFeynmanCTenyearsafterintroducing“GoogleGlass”,AlphabetInc.hascreatedanewkindofsmarteyeglasses.Thecompanysaysthewearablecomputerdevicecantranslatedifferentlanguagesinrealtime.Aworkingmodeloftheyet-unnameddevicewaspresentedtothepublicthisweekduringtheyearlyGoogleI/Odeveloperconference.Googledidnotsaywhentheglassesmightgoonsaletothepublic.ThefirstGoogleGlassdeviceincludedawearablecamerathatcouldfilmwhatthewearerssaw.Thatcausedwidespreadprivacyconcerns.ThecameraelementalsogaveGoogleGlassakindofscience-fictionlook.Thelatestdevicelooksmoresimilartotraditionalglasses.Abriefdemonstrationoftheneweyeglassesdescribeditstranslationability,butdidnotprovideadditionaldetails.Thecompanyalsodidnotsaywhetherthenewdevicewouldbeequippedwithacamera.Ademonstrationexplainedthataperson,wearingtheglassesandtalkingwithsomeonewhospeaksadifferentlanguage,canseethespokenwordsintheirownlanguage.ThedescriptionshowedtranslationsinvolvingEnglish,Mandarin,SpanishandAmericanSignLanguage.Thenewdeviceisoneofseveralproductssharedattheconferencethatarecurrentlyindevelopment.ThecompanysaystheproductsaimtobetterconnectGoogleserviceswithactivitieshappeningintherealworld.Thisincludescompanyofferingsforsearchingandviewingmapsaswellasotherservicesusingthelatestdevelopmentsinartificialintelligence.EddieChung,adirectorofproductmanagementatGoogle,spoketodevelopersabouttheneweyeglasses.“Whatwe’reworkingonistechnologythatenablesustobreakdownlanguagebarriers,takingyearsofresearchinGoogleTranslateandbringingthattoglasses,”hesaid.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesmarteyeglasses?A.Theyhaveakindofscience-fictionlook.B.TheycantranslatesomelanguagesintooralEnglish.C.Theywillbeequippedwithacamera.D.Theycanhelpcertainpeopleremovelanguagebarriers.10.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Toshareawearablecomputerdeviceonsale.B.Toadvertisethesmarteyeglassesforsale.C.Tointroduceanewproductindevelopment.D.ToshowthedevelopmentofGoogleGlassDevice.11.Whoarethesmarteyeglassesmostlikelyintendedfor?A.Deafmenatinternationalconferences.B.E-readersreadingforeignoriginalworks.C.JapanesetalkingwithFrenchmen.D.Travellerssearchingandviewingmapsabroad.12.What’sEddieChung’sattitudetowardstheneweyeglasses?A.Concerned. B.Doubtful.C.Disapproving. D.Positive.参考答案Ⅰ.1.pass7.flexible8.capableⅡ.1.pressure2.capability3.reality4.flexibility5.advances6.in7.to8.to9.in10.ofⅢ.1.Wherewasitthat2.Withsomanythingstodo3.ItispossibleforMiketofinish4.aretallerthan5.intermsofmoneyⅣ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Arul发明灭火器的原因、灭火器的优势及他为火灾预防与控制做出的贡献。1.A词义猜测题。本句中的“which”指代“almost7,500,000acresofwildfiresinCaliforniaalone”。根据常识,火会摧毁建筑。故选A项。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“FACEhasamixtureofwaterandanenvironmentally-friendlyfireretardant”可知B项正确,故选B项。3.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Arulisnowplanningtodeveloplargerunitsforspecificuseinforestapplications.”可知Arul正计划开发可供森林专门使用的更大的设备。故选C项。4.D推理判断题。根据文章可知,Arul听说并亲历火灾后,为了帮助人们控制火灾,保护家园,年仅17岁的他就发明了FACE灭火器,该灭火器有很多优势。由此可以看出,Arul很聪明。此外,他还努力提高人们的火灾安全与预防意识,为防火做出了贡献。故选D项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位备受尊敬的科学家RichardPhillipsFeynman,介绍了他的个人经历以及取得的成就。5.B细节理解题。根据第四段中“Afterthewar,FeynmantaughtatCornellUniversity,wherehecontinuedhisstudies.HewasalsoawardedtheNobelPrizeforhisworkinparticlephysics.”可知,Feynman是在战后获得诺贝尔奖的。6.C细节理解题。根据第三段中“Despitethefactthathisgradesinscienceandmathwere‘thebestthatwe’veseen’”可知,Feynman被普林斯顿录取是因为他在数学和科学方面很有天赋。7.C推理判断题。根据第二段以及第三段内容可知,Feynman很聪明;结合第四、五段可看出Feynman从普林斯顿大学读博到之后工作