2022届英语语法-现在分词（教师版）

PAGE12022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（现在分词）教师版考点清单一、现在分词作状语要点精讲：1.现在分词可以作时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果状语，强调与句子主语之间主动关系；2.现在分词一般式doing表示与谓语动词（几乎）同时发生；havingdone则表示该动作先于谓语动作发生。例1：Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.

（作时间状语，相当于Whenshesawthosepictures）例2：Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.（作原因状语，相当于Ashewasill）例3：Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.（作伴随状语，相当于HesatonthesofaandwatchedTV.）例4：Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.（作结果状语，相当于andleft…）例5：Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.（作时间状语，先回信后阅读）【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.(find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.2.Hewasbusywritingastory,only(stop)onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.3.(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.【答案与解析】1.Finding。find与句子主语之间主动关系，应用现在分词。故答案是Finding。2.stopping。stop与句子主语之间主动关系，应用现在分词。注意不要受onlytodo影响，该结构表示出乎预料的结果。故答案是stopping。3.Havingbeenasked。结合语境“要求加班”是被动的，且已经发生的，故用havingbeendone。故答案是Havingbeenasked。考点清单二、现在分词作定语要点精讲：1.现在分词作定语表示一个正在进行的动作；havingdone不能作定语；2.单个分词作名词前置定语；分词短语作后置定语。例6：Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.（现在分词作前置定语）例7：Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?（现在分词短语作后置定语）【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。4.Whowerethosepeoplewiththeflags?Agroup(call)itselftheLeagueofPeace.5.Themuseum(build)nowwillbeopentothepublicinsixmonths.6.Theoldmantoldthestoryinavoiceandthelittlegirlfeltvery(frighten).7.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand(weigh)lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.【答案与解析】4.calling。本题itself是关键，若没有itself，答案是called。故答案是calling。5.beingbuilt。“建造”这一动作正在进行，又是被动行为，应用beingdone作定语。故答案是beingbuilt。6.frightening;frightened。现在分词演化成形容词，表示“令人……”，过去分词演化成形容词，多表示“感到……”。故答案是frightening;frightened。7.weighing。weigh,measure表示物体重量、高度等概念时，不能用被动形式。故答案是weighing。考点清单三、现在分词作宾语补足语要点精讲1：观感使役类动词后接现在分词表示“看见/听见……某人正在做某事”。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。例8：Iwon'thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.例9：It'swrongtoleavethemachinerunning.例10：IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbythelittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.8.Shereturnedhome,onlytofindanumberofthings___________________________(steal/miss/go/lose)9.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake(wind)itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.10.Themissingboywaslastseen(play)neartheEastLake.【答案与解析】8.stolen/missing/lost。bestolen/missing/lost是习惯用法。故答案是stolen/missing/lost。9.winding。windone’sway表示“蜿蜒行进”，结合语境这是noticesbdoingsth句型。故答案是winding。10.playing。last是关键：失踪的孩子最后一次有人见他在东湖边玩耍。故答案是playing。要点精讲2：用于“with+名词+现在分词”，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+现在分词”构成独立主格结构。例11：Istoodbeforeherwithmyheartbeatingfast.例12：Timepermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.11.Withtheboy__________(lead)theway,thesoldiersmanagedtowalkthroughtheforest.12.Thecoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog(follow)them.13.It___________(be)Sunday,wewentcampingandhadanicetime.14.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather(permit).【答案与解析】11.leading。withsbdoing强调宾语和宾部之间的主动关系，故答案是leading。12.following。withsbdoing强调宾语和宾部之间的主动关系，故答案是following。13.being。ItbeingSunday构成独立主格结构，相当于AsitwasSunday。故答案是being。14.permitting。weatherpermitting构成独立主格结构，相当于Ifweatherpermits。故答案是permitting。考点清单四、现在分词作表语要点精讲：现在分词作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人……”。例13：Thenewsthatourteamhadwonwasveryinspiring.例14：Yourideasoundsveryinteresting.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。15.Thestorywasso(move)thatallofuswere(move)totears.【答案与解析】15.moving;moved。该句意为：这个故事如此感人以至于我都感动落泪了。故答案是moving;moved。考点清单五、状语从句省略要点精讲：1.如果状语从句主语是itis或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。2.连接词+现在分词，表示与主语之间主动关系；连接词+现在分词表示与主语之间被动关系。例15：Dobecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.例16：Whenaskingforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。16.Though____________(surprise)toseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome.17.Though(lack)money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.18.Icouldn’tfindmykeytothecarwhen(leave)home.19.While(wait)forabus,IcameacrossmyformerEnglishteacher.【答案与解析】16.surprised。原句可还原为Thoughhewassurprised。故答案是surprised。17.lacking。lack与句子主语之间构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故答案是lacking。18.leaving。leave与句子主语之间构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故答案是leaving。19.waiting。wait与句子主语之间构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故答案是waiting。考点清单六、现在分词短语作插入语要点精讲：英语中generallyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,talkingof,considering等可以视作插入语，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。例17：Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.例18：Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。20._________(talk)oftravel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?21.(judge)fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.【答案与解析】20.Talking。Talkingof表示“谈到，说到”，可以视作插入语，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。故答案是Talking。21.Judging。Judgingfrom…表示“根据……判断”，可以视作插入语，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。故答案是Judging。考点清单七、现在分词的被动式、完成式和否定式（以动词find为例）内容主动语态被动语态否定式一般式findingbeingfoundnotfinding完成式havingfoundhavingbeenfoundnothavingfound例19：Nothavingreceivedherreply,Idecidedtowritetoheragain.例20：HavingspentthepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。22.(know)whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.23.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearit_____________(perform)liveisquiteanother.24._________________(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.25.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_________(move),andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.【答案与解析】22.Notknowing。结合语境应用现在分词否定形式。故答案是Notknowing。23.beingperformed。结合语境“听到音乐现场被演奏”强调正在进行。故答案是beingperformed。24.Havingworked。work与句子主语之间构成主动关系，且“工作两天”发生在“按时完成报告”之前，应用完成式。故答案是hasgiven。25.moving。结合语境notmoving短语作伴随状语，故答案是moving。好题再练（一）高考真题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.(2021·新高考全国卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour(ache)legs.2.(2021·天津卷改编)China'sNationalHighway318,________(extend)over5,000kilometersfromShanghaitoZhangmu,Tibet,isknownasthe"heavenlyroad“foritsamazingviews.3.(2021·浙江卷)Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople___________(live)inthecountryside,includinglowerlevelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.4.(2020·全国II卷)Theyrepresenttheearth_________(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.5.(2020·全国III卷)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds__________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.6.(2020·浙江卷)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,___________(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.7.(2020·全国III卷)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,___________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.8.(2019·全国II卷)Whenwegotacall__________(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.9.(2019·北京卷)Nervously_________(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.10.(2018•江苏卷改编)Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,________(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.【答案】1.aching2.extending3.living4.coming5.surrounding6.making7.listening8.saying9.facing10.exceeding好题再练（二）模拟试题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11.(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.12.Themeeting________(be)over,Ifoundherseatedatthedeskand___________(listen)tomusic.13.______________(consider)thattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.14.(base)animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.15.While_________(speak)toforeigners,youmusttryyourbesttomakeyourself_____________(understand).16.Withnocentralgovernment,theislandwasruledbykings,each______________(control)adifferentregionofthecountry.17.Ourcar________________(develop)enginetrouble,westoppedforthenightataroadsiderestarea.18.Themeetingyesterday/now/(hold)tomorrowissignificant.19.Chinaisa______________(develop)country______________(belong)totheThirdWorld.20.Themanager,(make)itclearthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.【答案】11.Havingeaten12.being;listening13.Considering14.Basing15.speaking;understood16.controlling17.havingdeveloped18.held;beingheld;tobeheld19.developing;belonging20.havingmade好题再练（三）单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。21.(2019·全国II卷)All