研究生考试英语二阅读

考研英语（二）强化班讲义

阅读理解A节

Unitl

Passage1

Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay

becomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendofthe

SecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleled

economiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld'sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericans

wereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.

Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justas

inevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselves

atalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumer

electronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmerican

televisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly.)

Foreignmadecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America'smachine-toolindustrywas

ontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedand

whichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.

Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybeganto

believethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybeginto

fallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.

Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfrom

overseas.

Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhile

Japanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollaror

theturningofthebusinesscycle.Selfdoubthasyieldedtoblindpride."Americanindustryhaschangedits

structure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequickwitted,”accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executive

deanofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofGovernment.HItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehow

ourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,"saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athinktankin

Washington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookback

onthisperiodas"agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.11

1.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.

[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal

[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore

[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors

[D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy

2.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthatthe

American.

[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket

[B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises

[C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions

(DJautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

[AlItishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.

[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.

ICJTherevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.

[D]Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.

4.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe

[A]turningofthebusinesscycle

[B]restructuringofindustry

[Climprovedbusinessmanagement

[D]successineducation

Passage2

Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthis

ratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenas

men.Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortality歹匕亡率isbeingchanged.Now,boybabiessurvivealmostas

wellasgirlsdo.Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhen

theyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.Fifty

yearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoo

lightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthe

variationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.

Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeople

areasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.

Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythesame

numberofoffspring.Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotake

advantageofithavediminished.Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthe

greatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftoday-everyonebeing

thesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring-meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost81%ofitspowerin

uper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.

Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangely,ithasinvolved

littlephysicalchange.Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.Butinthepast100,000year-even

thepast100years-ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.Wedidnotevolve,because

machinesandsocietydiditforus.Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they'lookat

anorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.HNodoubt

wewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.Buthoweveramazed

ourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.

5.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

(AJAlackofmates.

[B]Afiercecompetition.

[C]Alowersurvivalrate.

[D]Adefectivegene.

6.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?

[AlWealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.

[B]Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.

[C]Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.

[D]Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.

7.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.

[A]lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance

[B]thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining

[C]ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution

(DJthedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing

8.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

[AlSexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution

[B]WaysofContinuingMan'sEvolution

ICJtheEvolutionaryFutureofNature

[D]HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere

Passage3

Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesare

aimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatin

yearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisrather

difficult,forwhateverfuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmaybe

right-itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.

This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionally

speedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughts

andemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresa

newformofexpression.Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.Wemust

pouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.

Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeand

differentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.

Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.Butitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatory

notesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichthey

bothfallintotheriver——andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweights

oftheofficers:Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.1

This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.

Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotional

lifecallsforachangeofexpression.Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?

9.Thispassageismainly.

[A]asurveyofnewapproachestoart

[BlareviewofFuturistpoetry

[C]aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement

[D]aboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature

10.Whenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto.

[Aldetermineitspurposes

[B]ignoreitsflaws

[C]followthenewfashions

IDJaccepttheprinciples

11.Futuristsclaimthatwemust.

[A]increasetheproductionofliterature

[B]usepoetrytorelievemodernstress

[CJdevelopnewmodesofexpression

[D]avoidusingadjectivesandverbs

12.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis.

[A]basedonreasonableprinciples

[B]newandacceptabletoordinarypeople

[C]indicativeofabasicchangeinhumannature

[D]moreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature

Passage4

AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyarethe

envyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditional

work-moralvalues.Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreason

forbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon'tknowwherethey

shouldgonext.

Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemaledominatedjobmarket

havelimitedtheopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrifices

involvedinclimbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthat

only24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentof

studentsintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobs

thandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.

Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstest

takingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression."Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthe

testscores—personality,ability,courageorhumanity—arecompletelyignored,1'saysToshikiKaifu,

chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty'seducationcommittee."Frustrationagainstthiskindofthing

leadskidstodropoutandrunwild."LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,

including929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntothe

prewaremphasisonmoraleducation.LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raised

eyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorld

WarIIhadweakenedthe"Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents."

ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.uInJapan,usayseducatorYokoMuro,nit*snever

aquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure/*Witheconomic

growthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincitieswhere

communityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.

UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedliving

conditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thediscomfortisbeginningtotell.Inthepast

decade,theJapanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan

50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.

13.IntheWesterners*eyes,thepostwarJapanwas.

[A]underaimlessdevelopment

[B]apositiveexample

[C]arivaltotheWest

(DJonthedecline

14.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanesesociety?

[AlWomen'sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited.

[B]Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs.

(CJExcessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics.

[D]Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues.

15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?

[A]Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladder.

[B]Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity.

[CJMorestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.

[D]Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking.

16.ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefactthat.

[A]theyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife

[B]thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S.

[C]theJapaneseenduremorethaneverbefore

[D]theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlife

Passage5

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition——wealth,distinction,controloverone's

destiny——mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition'sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionis

tohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoare

themselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohave

claimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfrom

ambition一ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteof

hypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped一withtheeducated

themselvesridingonthem.

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,

Europeantravel,BMWs一thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonot

seemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfess

fullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveand

vulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminample

supply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbooks

whotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphases

oflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotso

exceptional,theproperformulationis,"Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious."

Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangels;itspublicdefendersarefewand

unimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthy

impulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenin

theUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsand

promptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfrom

this,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,istheway

thingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajority

ofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.

17.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif.

[A]itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices

[B]itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower

[C]itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial

[Djitissharedbytherichandthefamous

18.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis.

[A]customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords

[B]toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout

[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal

[DJimpracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition

19.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause.

[A]theythinkofitasimmoral

[B]theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth

[CJambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits

[D]theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible

20.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained

[A]secretlyandvigorously

[B]openlyandenthusiastically

[Cleasilyandmomentarily

[D]verballyandspiritually

Unit2

Passage1

Specialisationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientific

knowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandlethe

informationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecialisationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelated

developmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowing

professionalisationofscientificactivity.

Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbe

foundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword'amateur'doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnot

fullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthof

specialisationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,

impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthose

areasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsof

thedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.

AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyan

increasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesan

acceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhile

researchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptableto

professionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheother

hand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentranceto

professionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespread

introductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocal

geologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournals

havenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocess

ofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecific

societies,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationally

inadifferentway.

AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritish

geologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.In

sciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangein

thestructureofscience.

51.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas

[AJ®ciologyaid(hemistry[BJphjsicsaidpjychology

[C]sociologyaidpychology[D]physicsaidchemistry

52.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationandprofessionalisation

[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience

[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity

[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones

53.Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate.

[AJtheprocessofspecialisationandprofessionalisation

[B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy

[C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications

[D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs

54.Thedirectreasonforspecialisationis.

[A]thedevelopmentincommunication

[B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation

[C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge

[DJthesplittingupofacademicsocieties

Passage2

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide——thedivisionoftheworld

intotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlectured

aboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positive

forcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreand

morecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeople

online,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft

behind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanet

willbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyears

ahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombating

worldpovertythatwe'veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn'ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonly

toolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.

Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdated

anti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisan

invasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsof

asociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethe

capitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica'sSecondWaveinfrastructure一includingroads,harbors,

highways,portsandsoon一werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchand

theFrenchwereinvestinginBritain'sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.

Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBrazilor

anywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWave

infrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou'regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmean

lyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.Butitdoesmean

recognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefull

advantageoftheInternet.

55.Digitaldivideissomething.

[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor

[C]theworldmustguardagainst

(DJconsideredpositivetoday

56.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit.

[Alofferseconomicpotentials

[B]canbringforeignfunds

[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty

[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld

57.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof.

[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas

[BJpreventingforeigncapital'scontrol

[CJbuildingindustrialinfrastructure

[D]acceptingforeigninvestment

58.Itseemsthatnowacountry'seconomydependsmuchon.

[A]howwell-developeditiselectronically

[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants

[C]whetheritadoptsAmerica'sindustrialpattern

[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations

Passage3

WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyof

NewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysis

knownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.

Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspelling

andgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthose

readersreallywant.

Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetof

standardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday'sevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventional

storylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructurefor

otherwiseconfusingnews.

Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplain

whythe"standardtemplates"ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnaires

weresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Then

residentsinthes