2024年高考英语核心考点精讲精练（新高考专用）考点13 阅读理解推理判断之推断文章来源（体裁） （教师版）

考点13阅读理解推理判断之推断文章来源（体裁）（核心考点精讲精练）1.三年真题考点分布考点题型推理判断之文章出处阅读理解2023试卷类型设问考点[2023·全国乙卷]D35.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?文章出处[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]C28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?文章出处20222022·新高考I卷阅读A21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?文章出处2022·全国高考乙卷阅读B27.Whatisthetext?文章出处20212021·英语全国甲卷A篇23．Wherecanthetextbefound?文章出处2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）26．Whatisthetext?文章出处2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中推断文章来源考查了6次。主要考查：根据阅读文章整体和内容来推断文章体裁或文章出处。推断文章来源的方法：1.要求考生广泛阅读，了解各种文体的特点，清楚各种文体的常用格式，这样才能对号入座；2.通读文章内容，了解文章的体裁，清楚文章内容的方向。【备考策略】系统归类推断文章来源的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。【命题预测】通过阅读理解中的推断文章来源，考查考生的基本文体常识，培养考生广泛阅读。因此，推断文章来源将在2024年高考中成为高考阅读理解的题型。【2024年高考命题预测】推理判断之文章出处是高考中的必考点。推断文章的来源是高考命题常考的试题，推断文章来源需要了解文章的体裁和题材，根据文章的内容和体裁我们就可以推断文章可能的出处。做这类题时，我们一定要事先了解一些文章体裁的一些知识，并广泛阅读一些常用的文章。预测在2024高考中，文章出处会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。【推理判断之文章出处考点指南】规律方法：常见的设问方式：1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?2.Whatisthetext?3．Wherecanthetextbefound?4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?5.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken? 如何解决文章来源题?做此类题目要求读者具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身已具备的常识结合起来。做此类题目应从文章的内容和结构来判断其出处。如果来源于报纸，前面一般会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；如果是广告，其格式很容易辨认；产品说明和药品说明也很容易辨认。1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]CReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks”,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.()28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook.B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum.D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一本关于书本的书,该书通过来自世界各地博物馆的艺术作品展现了读书场景在历史中的呈现和超越文化和时间的人性共同点。28.A推理判断题。根据第一段中“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.”(《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一种日常物品——书籍的颂扬,在这本书中,书籍被来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品展示。)及下文内容可知,本文主要是对于《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书的介绍。由此可推知,本文可能取自对一本书的介绍。故选A项。2.[2023·全国乙卷]DIfyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanityslaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycant.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCooksvoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptainsrecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.()35.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld.B.AShortHistoryofAustralia.C.AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects.D.HowArtWorksTellStories.【文章大意】本文出自一本书的节选,探讨了历史记录中文本与物品之间的关系,指出仅凭文本无法全面记录历史,文章提到了物品记录历史的重要性,它在提供双方信息平衡方面具有重要意义。35.C推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat…”和最后一段中“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade…”可知,本书包括了很多能够反映历史的物品。由此可推知,本文最有可能出自《100件文物中的世界史》这本书。故选C项。3.B【2022·全国高考乙卷】In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”7.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview. C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.【答案】7.B【解析】本文是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了DorothyWickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。7.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.(Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。4.C【2019·全国I】Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.【答案】31.D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。目前，数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，这项技术通过记录用户的打字习惯来识别主人，为网络空间用户保护隐私。31.D推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是科技说明文，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本科研杂志上。故选D。1.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】HavingstudiedJohnBerger’sWaysofSeeing,youwillwriteafourimageanalysisessayandinterpretwhatyou“see”whenyoustudythevisualtext.Yourfocusisnotsimplytodescribethevisualtextyou’reanalyzing,buttoexplaintothereaderstheargumentyoubelieveisproposedbythevisualtext.Context:Somevisualtextscanmotivate,persuadeand/orinfluence.Advertisements,politicalcartoons,artorcampaignpostersthatareconcernedwithsocialorpoliticalissuesareexamplesofthiscategoryofvisualtext.Wearesurroundedeverydaybyvisualargumentsorattemptsatpersuasion.Instructions:◆Selectavisualtextthatyoubelievepresentsanargumenttoitsviewers.◆Brieflystudythevisualtextyou’veselectedandunderlinethecentralargumentitsdesignersaretryingtomake.◆Analyzethedesignelementsusedandtheorganizationofthetextinordertodeterminesomeofthedecisionsthedesignerorartisthasmade.◆Usetheprocessof“observation/inference/evaluation”tocheckyouressayanddeterminethetoolsthedesignerorartistisusingtopersuadeyou.Schedule&DueDate:(Allworkisdueatthebeginningofclassonthedateslistedbelow;lateworkwillbedowngraded.)March1st:Selectthreevisualtextsforassignmentconsideration.March20th:Berger-typeddraftsdue/peer-editingworkshop.March22nd:afouressay,freewritewithimage&artsshowdue;Classpresentation(25%ofyourgrade).1．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anexampaper.C．Acourseassignment. D．Anacademicarticle.2．Whatistheessayexpectedtocenteron?A．Descriptionofthevisualtext B．Explanationofthevisualargument.C．Introductionofthedesignelements. D．Evaluationofthedesigntools.3．WhatwillhappenifyousubmittheessayafterMarch22nd?A．Youwillgetalowerscore. B．Youwillreceiveazero.C．Youwillbegivenatest. D．Youwillhavetorewriteit.【答案】1．C2．B3．A【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，是学习了JohnBerger的WaysofSeeing之后需要完成的四页的图像分析文章的要求。1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“HavingstudiedJohnBerger’sWaysofSeeing,youwillwriteafourimageanalysisessayandinterpretwhatyou“see”whenyoustudythevisualtext.Yourfocusisnotsimplytodescribethevisualtextyou’reanalyzing,buttoexplaintothereaderstheargumentyoubelieveisproposedbythevisualtext.(在学习了JohnBerger的WaysofSeeing之后，你将写一篇四页的图像分析文章，并解释当你研究视觉文本时你“看到”了什么。你的重点不是简单地描述你正在分析的视觉文本，而是向读者解释你认为视觉文本提出的论点。)”和Schedule&DueDate:部分的“Allworkisdueatthebeginningofclassonthedateslistedbelow;lateworkwillbedowngraded.(所有作业必须在下列日期上课前交；迟交的作业将被降级。)”可知，这是一篇作业要求，来自于课程作业，故选C。2．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Yourfocusisnotsimplytodescribethevisualtextyou’reanalyzing,buttoexplaintothereaderstheargumentyoubelieveisproposedbythevisualtext.(你的重点不是简单地描述你正在分析的视觉文本，而是向读者解释你认为视觉文本提出的论点。)”可知，文章应该以对视觉论点的解释为中心，故选B。3．细节理解题。根据Schedule&DueDate:部分的“Allworkisdueatthebeginningofclassonthedateslistedbelow;lateworkwillbedowngraded.(所有作业必须在下列日期上课前交；迟交的作业将被降级。)”和“March22nd:afouressay,freewritewithimage&artsshowdue;Classpresentation(25%ofyourgrade).(3月22日：一篇四页的论文，自由写作，并有图像和艺术展示；课堂报告（占成绩的25%）。)”可知，如果你在3月22日之后提交论文，你会得到较低的分数，故选A。2.【2023届福建省龙岩第一中学高考第三次校模拟】IntroOurOnlineChineseSummerCampprogramisawonderful,immersiveonlineChineselearningexperiencespecificallydesignedforlearningChineseremotely.SuitableAgeKidsaged10to16CampContentInteractiveChineselessons,culturalactivitiesandvirtualtripsScheduleMondaytoFridayTheclasstimeisscheduledaccordingtodifferenttimezones.CampLevelsOnlineChineseCampisdividedinto2levels—Non-NativeChineseCampforbeginnertointermediatelevelsandChineseCampforintermediatetoadvancedlevels.Non-NativeChineseCampforKidsfromnon-nativeChinesefamiliesChineseCampforKidsfromnativeChinesefamiliesREQUIREMENTS•NoChineselanguageexperienceneeded•NoChineselanguageexposureineverydaylife•ChineselanguageexperienceinanativeChinese-speakingfamilyCONTENT√

FunandinteractiveonlinelessonsandactivitiestoraisetheinterestinlearningChinese√

IntroductiontoChinesecharacterswithstoriesandpictures√

Developpracticalcommunicatingskills√

BasicconversationsinChinese√Project-basedculturalactivitiestoincreaseunderstandingofChineseculture√Funandinteractiveonlinelessonstoimprove4languageskills—Listening,Speaking,Reading&Writing√IntermediateconversationsinChinesethroughvariousculturalandlanguageactivities√MoreadvancedlessonstoincreaseChinesevocabulary√Project-basedculturalactivitiestodeepentheunderstandingofChinesecultureReadytoSignUp?Contactus(www.C)andwewillbehappytoansweryourquestionsandhelpyouchoosetherightcamp.Don'tforgettoaskusaboutearlybirdprice!1．Whatisthetext?A．Acoursereview. B．Acommercialad.C．Anacademicarticle. D．Anactivityschedule.2．WhatcankidsdoinChineseCamp?A．ImproveintegratedChinesesills. B．MakeupbasicChinesedialogues.C．Learncharactersthroughfunstories. D．Prepareforadvancedvocabularytests.3．Whatcanwelearnabouttheprogram?A．Itinvolvesskillsforcampingtrips. B．Itoffersadiscountifyoubookearlier.C．Ithasafixedtimetableregardlessoftimezones. D．Itincludesoff-lineinteractiveactivitiesinChina.【答案】1．B2．A3．B【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则汉语夏令营的广告，介绍了针对人群、要求和活动。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“OurOnlineChineseSummerCampprogramisawonderful,immersiveonlineChineselearningexperiencespecificallydesignedforlearningChineseremotely.(我们的在线汉语夏令营项目是一个精彩的、沉浸式的在线汉语学习体验，专为远程学习汉语而设计)”以及最后一段“Contactus(www.C)andwewillbehappytoansweryourquestionsandhelpyouchoosetherightcamp.Don'tforgettoaskusaboutearlybirdprice!(联系我们(www.C)，我们将很乐意回答您的问题，并帮助您选择合适的营地。别忘了问我们早鸟价格！)”结合文章是一则汉语夏令营的广告，介绍了针对人群、要求和活动。可推知，文章是一则商业广告。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据最后一部分“√

Funandinteractiveonlinelessonstoimprove4languageskills—Listening,Speaking,Reading&Writing(√趣味互动在线课程，提高听、说、读、写4种语言技能)”可知，孩子们在中文营可以提高综合汉语水平。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Don'tforgettoaskusaboutearlybirdprice!(别忘了问我们早鸟价格！)”可推知，如果你提前预订，项目会有折扣。故选B。3.【2023届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期三模】ThehugestructuresofancientRomehavesurvivedforthousandsofyears—atestamenttotheabilitiesandwisdomofRomanengineers,whoperfectedtheuseofconcrete.ButhowdidtheirconstructionmaterialshelpkeepgrandbuildingslikethePantheon(万神殿)(whichhastheworld’slargestunreinforceddome)andtheColosseum(斗兽场)standingformorethan2,000years?Romanconcrete,inmanycases,hasproventobelonger-lastingthanmodernconcrete,whichcanworsenwithindecades.Now,scientistsbehindanewstudysaytheyhaveuncoveredthemysteryingredientthatallowedtheRomanstomaketheirconstructionmaterialsodurableandbuildsplendidstructuresinchallengingplacessuchasdocks,sewersandearthquakezones.Thestudyteam,includingresearchersfromtheUnitedStates,ItalyandSwitzerland,analyzed2,000-year-oldconcretesamplesthatweretakenfromacitywallatthearchaeologicalsiteofPrivernum,incentralItaly,andaresimilarincompositiontootherconcretefoundthroughouttheRomanEmpire.Theyfoundthatwhitechunks(块)intheconcrete,referredtoaslimeclasts(石灰碎屑),gavetheconcretetheabilitytohealcracksthatformedovertime.Thewhitechunkspreviouslyhadbeenoverlookedasevidenceofcarelessmixingorpoor-qualityrawmaterial.Thenewfindingcouldhelpmakemanufacturingtoday’sconcretemoresustainable,potentiallyshakingupsocietyastheRomansoncedid.“ConereteallowedtheRomanstohaveanarchitecturalrevolution,”Masicsaid,“Romanswereabletocreateandturnthecitiesintosomethingthatisextraordinaryandbeautifultolivein.Andthatrevolutionbasicallychangedcompletelythewayhumanslive.”8．WhydoestheauthormentionthePantheonandtheColosseum?A．ToexpressrespecttoRomans.B．Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C．ToshowthewisdomofRomanengineers.D．ToprovetheuniquenessofRomanarchitecture.9．WhatmakeRomanarchitecturestandformorethan2,000yearsaccordingtothefinding?A．Complicatedmixingskills.B．Splendidarchitecturalstructures.C．Challenginglocationsofthebuildings.D．WhitechunksinancientRomanconcrete.10．WhatdoesMasicthinkofthenewfinding?A．Important. B．Valueless. C．Unexpected. D．Doubtful.11．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext?A．Education. B．Travel. C．Science. D．Lifestyle.【答案】8．B9．D10．A11．C【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家揭开古罗马建筑千年不衰的秘密。8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“ThehugestructuresofancientRomehavesurvivedforthousandsofyears—atestamenttotheabilitiesandwisdomofRomanengineers,whoperfectedtheuseofconcrete.ButhowdidtheirconstructionmaterialshelpkeepgrandbuildingslikethePantheon(万神殿)(whichhastheworld’slargestunreinforceddome)andtheColosseum(斗兽场)standingformorethan2,000years?(古罗马的巨大建筑保存了数千年——这是罗马工程师的能力和智慧的证明，他们完善了混凝土的使用。但是，他们的建筑材料是如何帮助像万神殿(拥有世界上最大的无加固圆顶)和罗马斗兽场这样的宏伟建筑屹立2000多年的呢？)”可知，作者在第一段列举这两座建筑物是为了引出本文要探讨的话题：为什么古罗马建筑能千年不衰？故选B。9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Theyfoundthatwhitechunks(块)intheconcrete,referredtoaslimeclasts(石灰碎屑),gavetheconcretetheabilitytohealcracksthatformedovertime.Thewhitechunkspreviouslyhadbeenoverlookedasevidenceofcarelessmixingorpoor-qualityrawmaterial.(他们发现混凝土中的白色块状物，被称为石灰碎屑，使混凝土能够愈合随着时间的推移而形成的裂缝。这些白色的块状物质之前一直被忽视，被认为是混合不当或原料质量低劣的证据。)”可知，根据这项发现，古罗马混凝土中的白色块状物使罗马建筑屹立了2000多年。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thenewfindingcouldhelpmakemanufacturingtoday’sconcretemoresustainable,potentiallyshakingupsociety(这项新发现可能有助于使今天的混凝土制造业更具可持续性，可能会改变社会)”可知，Masic认为新的发现非常重要。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据文章主要内容“文章讲述了科学家揭开古罗马建筑千年不衰的秘密。”以及关键词“Thestudyteam”和“Thenewfinding”等可以推测出文章出自报纸的科学板块。故选C。4.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期5月压轴卷】Tenpercentoftheworld’sspeciesliveintheAmazonRainforest,includingsomeofthemostinterestinganduniquecreaturesonEarth.Notonlythat,butsomeAmazonnativespeciesdirectlybenefithumans.Ifyoulikechocolate,andcoffee,you’vebenefitedfromAmazonianplants.Evenmoreimportantly,theAmazonRainforestkeepsouraircleanandbreathable.Cognizantofitsgreatimpactontheplanet,activistsareworkingtostopdeforestation.Anewalgorithm(算法)thatpredictswhichareasareatmostriskofhabitatdestructiongivesAmazondefendersahandintheirfightagainstdeforestation.TheTrans-AmazonianhighwayisaroadthatstretchesacrosstheAmazonRainforest.Branchingoffofthisofficialhighwayarearoundtwomillionmilesofunofficialroads,manybuiltillegallybyloggers,miners,andresidentsofunauthorizedsettlements.Nearlyhalfoftherainforesthasoneoftheseroads,whichCarlosSouzaJr,aresearchermonitoringtheAmazon,calls“linesofdestruction”,withinsixmiles.Imazon,aBrazilianresearchinstitutionpublishedastudyshowingthat95percentofdeforestationoccurredwithinthreemilesofthe“linesofdestruction”.Additionally,90percentofforestfireswerenexttoillegalAmazonianroads.Thatmakesfindingtheseroadskeytopreventingdeforestationanddamage.However,inatwoandhalfmillionsquarerainforest,that’seasiersaidthandone.Previouslyactivistsmanually(人工地)examinedoversatelliteimagestospottheseroads.Theyalsorecordedtheresultofdeforestation.Butnow,technologymayhelpactivistsbecomemoreproactive(主动出击的).Imazonresearchersfedthemanualdataintoanartificialintelligencealgorithmtotrainittofindtheunauthorizedroads.Theprogrampredictswheretheremayberoads,withabout70percentaccuracy.Itsoutputsarethenconfirmedbyresearchersusingsatelliteimages.ThePrevisIAmapandstatisticscanhelpgovernmentschanneldeforestationpreventioneffortstothreatenedareas.Thehopeisthatbyidentifyingtheareasinadvance,politiciansandactivistscantakeproactivestepsagainsttheillegalroads,andpreventdeforestationbeforeithappens.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“Cognizantof”inParagraph2mean?A．Causing. B．Realizing. C．Recalling. D．Multiplying.33．Whatcanweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A．Manyillegalloggerswillbepunished. B．Thereexistmanyrisksnearthehighway.C．Forestfiresdidlittledamagetotherainforest. D．Fundisthekeytoconstructingthishighway.34．HowdidImazonresearchersidentifytheunauthorizedroads?A．Throughlocals. B．Throughthemap. C．Throughfieldtrips. D．Throughtechnology.35．Inwhichsectionmaythetextappearinanewspaper?A．Culture. B．Travel. C．Education. D．Environment.【答案】32．B33．B34．D35．D【文章大意】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了科学技术有助于保护亚马逊的森林。32．词义猜测题。根据第二段中划线词组后面的“activistsareworkingtostopdeforestation.Anewalgorithm(算法)thatpredictswhichareasareatmostriskofhabitatdestructiongivesAmazondefendersahandintheirfightagainstdeforestation.”（激进人士正在努力阻止森林砍伐。一种新的算法可以预测哪些地区的栖息地被破坏的风险最大，这让亚马逊的捍卫者们在与森林砍伐的斗争中获得了帮助。）可知，在新的算法的帮助下，亚马逊的捍卫者即激进人士们，正在努力阻止森林砍伐。可以推断，这里说明亚马逊的捍卫者他们已经意识到它对地球的巨大影响。由此可知，该划线词组与realize(意识到)的意思相近。故选B。33．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Branchingoffofthisofficialhighwayarearoundtwomillionmilesofunofficialroads,manybuiltillegallybyloggers,miners,andresidentsofunauthorizedsettlements.”（这条官方公路的分支是大约200万英里的非官方道路，其中许多是由伐木工、矿工和非法定居点的居民非法修建的。）和“Additionally,90percentofforestfireswerenexttoillegalAmazonianroads.”（此外，90%的森林火灾发生在亚马逊地区的非法道路附近。）可知，那里的高速公路附近有很多风险。故选B。34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Imazonresearchersfedthemanualdataintoanartificialintelligencealgorithmtotrainittofindtheunauthorizedroads.”（Imazon的研究人员将人工数据输入人工智能算法，训练它找到未经授权的道路。）可知，研究者是通过技术手段来确认那些未经批准的道路。故选D。35．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了科学技术有助于保护亚马逊的森林。这与环境有关，由此可知，本文可能在报纸的环境专栏找到。故选D。5.【2023届湖南省衡阳市高中毕业班联考（三）】AnWarm-heartedLandlordMingTinggui,41,alandlordinXi’an,Shaanxiprovince,hasbecomefamousonlinebecauseofhisactsofkindnessduringthecity’sCOVID-19lockdown.Xi’animposedacitywidelockdownonDec23inanefforttopreventaresurgence(复发)ofCOVID-19.Minghad81tenants(租户)inYantadistrictatthattime,about80percentofwhomwerestudentswhohadmovedtoXi’antoattendtrainingclasses,begininternshipsortakeChina’spostgraduateentranceexam,scheduledfromDec25to27.Mostofthestudentsonlybroughtsimplebelongingsthatcouldfitinsideasuitcase,withnoroomforpotsorpanstocookwith.Underlockdown,theywerenotallowedtogoout,makingmealtimeamajorheadache.Havingseenhisyoungtenantslivingoninstantnoodlesandsnacks,Mingdecidedtocookmealsforthem.HeboughtasmanyvegetablesaspossibleinthecommunityandtoldhistenantsviaWeChatthathecouldprovidedinnerforthemeachday.Hisideawaswarmlywelcomed.ThetenantsplacedtheirordersintheWeChatgroupeveryday,andMingpreparedtheirmealsaccordingly.Hiswifeand65-year-oldmotheralsojoinedhimtowashvegetablesanddishes.Althoughtherewerefoodsupplyproblemsatthebeginningofthelockdown,Mingstillmanagedtobuysomemeatforhishungryyoungtenants.Mingreceivedasmanyas45ordersaday.Someofthetenantswantedtopayhimforthedinnerbutwererefused.Mingsaidhecookedthemealsnotformoneybuttohelpthoseinneed.Withthetenants-safetyinmind,Mingdividedtheordersintosmallgroupssothattheycouldfetchtheirdinneronebyonewhilekeepingtwometersfromeachother.Greatlymoved,thetenantsreportedhisgooddeedstothelocalmedia,shootinghimtostardomovernight.Hearingofhisgenerosity,manypeopleofferedtogiveMingmoneytohelpfeedhisyoungtenants,butMingpolitelyrefused.Minghasdecidedtocontinuetopreparemealsforhistenantsuntilthelockdownisover,oratleastuntiltakeoutfoodisavailable.4．WhydidMingTingguicookforhistenants?A．Theyaretooyoungtocookbythemselves.B．Theyarebusypreparingfortheirexam.C．Theyhavenoroomtocookduringthelockdown.D．Theyhavelimitedbudgetforfood.5．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．MingTingguiboughtandcookedforhistenantsaccordingtotheirorders.B．MingTingguionlychargedsmallamountsofmoneyforthefood.C．Someneighborspostedhisgooddeedsontheinternet.D．Manyothersgaveahelpinghandtofeedtheyoungtenants.6．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMingTinggui?A．Optimisticandkind B．generousandwarm-heartedC．Braveandcaring D．Movedandsympathetic7．Whereist