2024年高考英语核心考点精讲精练（新高考专用）考点9 阅读理解推理判断之写作方法 （学生版）

考点9阅读理解推理判断之写作方法（核心考点精讲精练）1.三年真题考点分布考点题型推理判断之写作方法阅读理解2021试卷类型设问考点2021·北京卷阅读D32．TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto________．写作方法20202020·全国新课标III32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?写作方法20122020·全国新高考I山东卷68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.写作方法2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中没有对写作方法进行考查，这不意味着未来不会考查。高考备考要充分准备未来可能考的题，不是盲目追风必考考过的试题。主要考查：根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断写作手法。推断写作方法的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，断定文章采用的写作方法，即举例说明法、比较说明法、对比说明或论证法、设问引起读者注意等；2.根据文章内容，如果是记叙文，通常采用以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。也可能是倒叙的方法。【备考策略】系统归类推断文章写作方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。【命题预测】通过阅读理解中，推断文章写作方法考查考生的基本的写作技能，在新高考命题中很可能会出现。推断文章写作方法的命题依据是：新课程标准中要求学生掌握：常见文章文体的写作方法。因此，推断文章写作方法的推理判断题，有可能在2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的题型，应该倍加注意。【2023年高考命题预测】推理判断之写作手法考点是高考中的常考点。作者在写作文章的时候总是要用一些写作手法，了解写作手法是学生阅读理解要掌握的内容之一。做这类题时，我们可以借鉴中文的一些写作手法，在写作方法上它们是相通的。预测在2023高考中，写作手法有可能会在高考阅读理解中呈现。【推理判断之写作手法考点指南】规律方法：常见的设问方式：（1）Howisthepassageorganized?（2）Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby_________.（3）Thefirstparagraphservesasa（n）

__________.（4）Theexampleof…isgiventoshow/illustratethat__________. 了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。[2012·全国卷Ⅰ，D]

Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(尝试)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学习)foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.A.presentingresearchfindingsB.settingdowngeneralrulesC.makingacomparisonD.usingexamples1.【2023届安徽省A10联盟高考最后一卷】Waterequalslife.Thisistrueforpeople,animalsandplants.Andwhilewaterisplentifulinsomelocations,thisisnotthecaseallovertheworld.NowscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)mayhavedevelopedawaytochangethat.Thenewdesalination(脱盐)deviceproduceswateractuallyabovetheWorldHealthOrganizationstandards,justbypushingabutton.Therearenofilters(过滤器)required,andthedeviceuseselectricalpowertoremovesaltandotherparticles(微粒)—includingbacteriaandviruses—fromthesaltwater.Thisreducestheneedforconstantmaintenance.Mostcommerciallyavailableportabledesalinationunitsusefiltersthatrequirehigh-pressurepumpstopushthewater,whichmakesthemhugeinsizeandlessenergyefficient.ThefilterlessMITdevicewillallowittobeusedinremoteorresource-limitedplaceslikesmallislands,ships,andevenforemergencyuse.Thedevicetookyearstodevelop.Afterrunningtestsinthelabwithwaterthathaddifferentsalinityandparticles,itwastestedatBoston’sCarsonBeach.Thedeviceproduceddrinkablewaterinjusthalfanhour.Thenewdesalinationunitneedslesspowerthanacellphonecharger,reportedFastCompany,andworksusingtwotypesofelectricalfieldstofilterthesaltwater.Butbestofall,itisdesignedtobeusedbyaveragepeopleandnotengineers.Infact,thedeviceonlyhasthreebuttons,onetopowerthedevice,onetostartit,andonetostopit.Theresearchersarestillworkingonafinaldesignthatcouldusecheapermaterialstomakeitreadybytheendofnextyear.Thissmallbutmightydesalinationunitmaybethekeytobringingsafewatertoathirstyworld.1．What’stheadvantageofthenewdesalinationdevice?A．It’sconvenient. B．Ifsalotcheaper.C．Ithasimprovedfilters. D．Ithasalargeroutput.2．Howisthethirdparagraphdeveloped?A．Bymakingcomparisons. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byanalyzingcauses. D．Bylistingfigures.3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthemostoutstandingqualityofthenewdevice?A．Itrequiresmuchlesspower.B．Itpossessestwoelectricalfields.C．Itcanbeeasilyoperatedbyordinarypeople.D．Itiscontrolledbythesamebutton.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．DeeperresearchfindsnewcontentsofseawaterB．BettermethodimprovesthequalityofdrinkingwaterC．ReportshowsaworldthirstyforsafedrinkingwaterD．Newportabledevicemakesseawaterdrinkableontheway2.【2023届江苏省徐州市高三5月考前模拟】Ifreducingstresshasbeenonyoursummertodolist,there’sonepowerfulthingyoucanstilldobeforetheseasonends:getinthehabitoftakingawalkoutsidewithafriend.Aquickwalkinnaturewithafriendcombinesthreeofthemosteffectivestress-reducingandresilience(恢复力)buildingtechniques:physicalexercise,spendingtimeinnatureandsocialconnection.Theactivityworksbyhelpingnormalizethehormonalchangesthatresultfromlongtimestressandenhancingtheemotionalresourcesthathelpuscope.Walkingquicklyactivates(激活)thebody`sstressresponse.Andwhenthewalkisover,thestresssystemcomesbackdowntobaseline.Regularexercisehelpsyourstressresponsebecomemoreefficient,saysJenniferHeisz,associateprofessoratMcMasterUniversity.Aslittleas10minutesofsittingorwalkinginnaturecandecreaseaperson’sheartrate,bloodpressureandcortisollevels,aswellasself-reportedstresslevels.Onepossibleexplanation,theresearcherssay,isthatspendingtimeinnaturelowerstheactivityofoursympatheticnervoussystem,whichregulatesstresshormones,andtapsintotheparasympathetic(副交感)nervoussystem,whichpromotesourcalmandrelaxationresponses.Takingthathikewithalovedonecanfurtherreducestressbyaddingtheimportantelementofsocialconnection.Talkingwithtrustedfriendshelpspeopleprocessstressfuleventsandliftsself-esteem.Socialsupporthaspositiveeffectsonthebrainandbody,scientificresearchfinds.Earlierthisyear,CassieMorenowasinarutofstressandanxiety.Shewasstartinganewjob,strugglingtomakenewfriendsduringthepandemic,andgoingthroughabreakup.StrollingalongtheHudsonRiverwithotherwomen,the26-year-oldMainenativesaysshefeltanimmediatesurgeofconfidenceandcalm.“Iwas,like,howdowelivehere?Lookatthewater!LookattheStatueofLiberty!Howdidwegetthislucky?”shesays.1．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph2?A．Toexplainarule. B．Toclarifyanargument.C．Topresentafact. D．Tointroduceatopic.2．Whatisanadvantageofspendingtimeinnature?A．Reducingbloodpressure. B．Liftingself-esteem.C．Raisingstresshormones. D．Activatingnervoussystem.3．WhatdoesCassieMoreno’sremarkinthelastparagraphindicate?A．Shewasrefreshedwithconfidence.B．Shewasinastateofstressandanxiety.C．Shewasstrugglingthroughahardtime.D．Shewasamazedbythefantasticscenery.4．Howisthepassagedeveloped?A．Bygivingexplanations. B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Bylistingexamples. D．Byprovingassumptions.基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.【2023届浙江省四校（杭州二中、温州中学、绍兴一中、金华一中）高三5月联考】AsanintenseheatwavesweepsthroughChina,residentsareseekingreliefinairraidsheltersandswimmingpoolstostaycool,anddozensofcities,includingShanghai,ChongqingandHangzhou,haveissuedtheirhighest-levelredalertwarnings.Shanghaihasissuedthreeredalertsthisyear,withthetemperaturehitting40.9CelsiusonJuly13,matchingtherecordsetin2017since1873.ThefactthatShanghaihasexperiencedonly16daysof40°C-plustemperaturessincethecitybegankeepingrecordsin1873shouldgiveusanideaabouttheseriousnessofthesituation.Medicalexpertssayextremeheatcouldcausenausea(恶心),fatigue,sunstrokeandevendeath,withseniorcitizensandpeoplewithlong-termillnessesparticularlyvulnerabletoheatwaves.Extremeheatevents,whichbeganamonthago,haveaffectedthelivesofmorethan900millionpeopleinChina.BetweenJune1andJuly12,theaveragenumberofdayswithtemperaturesabove35°Cwas5.3,up2.4daysovernormalyears,breakingthenationalrecordsetin1961,accordingtotheNationalClimateCenter.PartsofEuropearealsointhegripofheatwavesandexperiencingextremeweathereventsafterthewesternpartofNorthAmericafacedextremeheatwaveslastyear.Inresponsetotheexceptionallyhightemperatures,theUnitedKingdomhasdeclaredanationalemergencyandissuedthehighest-levelredalertwarningforMondayandTuesdayforthefirsttime.Morealarmingly,theaverageglobaltemperatureinJunethisyearwas0.4°Chigherthannormalyearsandthehighestsince1979,withtemperaturesincountriessuchasSpain,FranceandItalyexceeding40°C．Unfortunately,extremeheat,whichisdirectlyrelatedtoclimatechange,willbecomemorefrequentandintenseinthenext30years,settingnewrecordsforhightemperatures.Asglobalwarmingintensifies,lossesanddevastationwillincrease,forcingnaturalandhumansystemstoraisetheiradaptationlimits.1．Whatcanweknowabouttheheatwavesthisyear?A．Itmaycausemoreharmtotheoldandpeoplewithlong-termillnesses.B．Thenumberofdaysabove35°CinJunebreaksthenationalrecord.C．Shanghaihasexperiencedahighertemperaturethanthatin2017.D．ThewholeEuropeaswellasAmericaaresufferingfromtheheatwaves.2．Howdoestheauthordevelopthetext?A．Byanalyzingandconcluding. B．Byexplainingandcontrasting.C．Bygivingexamplesandquoting. D．Bygivingfiguresandcomparing.3．Accordingtothewriter,whatisthetrendofextremeheat?A．Becomingmoreserious. B．Remainingstable.C．Stayingunpredictable. D．Gettingcontrollable.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thesolutionstotheclimatechange. B．Theeconomiclossesfromheatwaves.C．Theincreaseofsevereheatwaves. D．Thedestructiveeffectofglobalwarming.2.【2023年辽宁省高三第二次全省统考暨朝阳市第一高级中学高三四模】ThreeFormatsofBooksPrintedbooksaremostlyproducedinthreefundamentalformats:Hardcover,TradePaperback,andMassMarketPaperback.Ahardcover(alsoknownashardbackorhardbound)isatypeofbookthatisboundwithhardandrigidprotectivecoversandthepagesareoftenstronglyheldtogetherwithstichesorstaples(缝线或订书钉).Theyarethemostexpensiveofthethreeformats.Atradepaperback(morecommonlyknownaspaperback)isatypeofbookcharacterizedbyathickpaperorpaperboardcover.Theirpagesareoftenheldwithglueratherthanstitchesorstaples.Tradepaperbacksarecheaperthanhardcoversbutcostlierthanmassmarketpaperbacks.Massmarketpaperbacksarebasicallysmallsizedbooksprintedonalowerqualitypaperwithaninexpensivebinding.Theyarecheapertoproduceandmostlysoldinnontraditionalbooksellinglocationssuchasdrugstores,supermarkets,railwaystations,andairports,aswellasintraditionalbookstores.Massmarketpaperbacksareproducedtotargetabiggermarket.Duetotheirlowproductioncosttheycanbemadeavailabletoalargemassofpeopleatcheaperandaffordablerates.Massmarketpaperbackbooksaresmallerinsize(usuallyabout4incheswideand7inchestall)andtheirfont(字体)sizeisalsocomparativelysmaller.Besides,massmarketpaperbacksmostlydonothaveanyillustrations(pictures,diagrams,andotherdecorativefeatures)thatmaybepresentinthehardcoverorthepaperbackformatsofthatsamebook.Anotherveryimportantfeatureofmassmarketpaperbacksisthattheyaremostlystrippablebooks.“Strippable”simplymeansthatabook’scovercanbetornoff(orstrippedof)bythebookretailersordistributor,andthensentbacktothebookpublisherforarefund(退款；返还款).So,whenthebooksellersnoticethatsomemassmarketpaperbackbookshavebeeninstockforawhileandarenotsellingwell,theycansimplystripoffthecoversofthosebooksandreturnthemtothepublishersforrefund.Thepartofthebookleftafterthecoverissippedoffisillegaltosellandhastoberecycled.1．What’sspecialforhardcoverbookscomparedwiththeothertwo?A．They’renoteasilybroken.B．Theircoverscanbestrippedoff.C．Theyhavethelargestnumberofconsumers.D．Theyareofexcellentqualityandbargainprice.2．Whatformatissuitableforstudents’textbooksaccordingtothetext?A．Hardcover. B．Tradepaperback.C．Massmarketpaperback. D．Hardbound.3．Whatcanyoulearnaboutmassmarketpaperbackbooksfromthetext?A．Theyhavevariousdecorativefeatures.B．Thosewithoutcoverscanbesoldcheaply.C．Brochuresbelongtomassmarketpaperbackbooks.D．Theycanbereturnedtothepublishersifnotdamaged.4．Howdoesthewriterdevelopthistext?A．Byofferingfigures. B．Bytellingastory.C．Bygivingexamples. D．Bymakingacomparison.3.【广东省汕尾、珠海市等大湾区联考2023届高三学生调研】Researchintosocialrobotshasshownthatmachinesthatareatthecuttingedgeofinteractioncanrespondtofeelingsandemotionallycarefortheweak,theelderlyandchildren.Robinwasdesignedasacompanionrobottoprovideemotionalsupportforchildrenreceivingmedicaltreatment.Robinexplainsmedicalprocedurestothem,playsgamesandtellsstories,andduringtreatmentdistractsthemtoreducetheirsenseofpain.TherobotusesAItounderstandotherpeople’sfeelings,rememberingfacialexpressionsandconversationstobuilddialogueforfollow-upsessions.IntrialsattheWigmoreMedical(UK)PediatricClinicinYerevan,Armenia,theteamfoundthatRobinledtoa34%decreaseinstressandanincreaseinhappinessof26%inthe120childrenwhointeractedwithhimatleastonce.Healthcarerobotscouldallbenefitfromdisplayingemotionalintelligence,bothrecognizingandrespondingtohumanemotions,andtosomeextent,managingthem.Theproblemwiththisisthefearthathumanjobsmaybelostasrobotsbecomebetterathandlingsocialsituations.Populationtrendssuggestthatthedemandforrobotstoworkalongsidepeopleincaresituationswillgrowovertime.By2050,thenumberofpeopleaged65andovergloballywillbe1.6billion(17%),roughlytwicetheproportionofwhatitistoday.Anextra3.5millioncareworkerswillbeneededandthatwillincludeemotionallyintelligentrobots.Today’ssimplesystemsarebeingtrainedtomeetthatdemand.Thisincludesalittlewheeledrobotthatcanguesshowyouarefeelingfromthewayyouwalk,andtherobotfromtheUniversityofLincolnintheUK—whohelpselderlypeopletostayphysicallyandmentallyactive.Theimpactofsocialrobotsonourlivestodatehasbeentiny.Butnewmodelsarebeingintroducedthatcouldmakethebreakthrough.Humanemotionsaredifficulttodefine,butastrustinrobotsincreases,breakingdownthepsychologicalbarrierbecomeseasiertoimagine.1．Whataresocialrobotsuniquelycapableof?A．Liftingheavypackagesupstairsforweakpeople.B．Teachingmentallyillteensemotionalexpressions.C．Cookingdeliciousdishesforthedisabledathome.D．Playingsongsforblindpeopleontheirrequest.2．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Robin’sfunctiontoreducepain.B．Robin’spopularityinhospitals.C．Robin’spracticalapplication.D．Robin’ssuccessinpassingtests.3．Howisparagraph4developed?A．Byconcludingviewpoints.B．Byanalyzingcauses.C．Bymakingcomparison.D．Bygivingdefinition.4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhumanjobreplacementbyrobots?A．ItisalreadyhappeningthroughoutUK.B．Humansneedtoworkhardtosecurejobs.C．Robotscanonlymeetbasichumanneeds.D．It’sanunstoppableandbeneficialtrend.4.【2023届广东省惠州市高三5月二模】Peopleproduceallkindsoffoodwaste.AnewsreportinourmagazinepublishedinNovemberlastyearshowsthatabout60millionmetrictonsoffoodiswastedintheUnitedStateseveryyear.(Ametrictonis1,000kilogramsor2,205pounds.)Thevalueofthewasteisabout$162billion.Abouthalfendsupincitylandfills(垃圾填埋场).Itcostslocalgovernmentabout$1.5billionayeartodealwiththem.Thereportsaysthatonethirdofallfoodintheworldisnevereaten.Thefullcostoftheworld’sfoodwastecanbe$400billionayear.Billionscanbesavediftheamountoffoodwasteisreduced.Mostofthefoodisthrownawaybyshopkeepersandconsumersinwealthynations.Ifitissaved,itcouldfeed870millionhungrypeopleoftheworld.Afamilyoffourwastesabout$1,600worthoffoodeachyear.Theproductionoffooduseslargeamountsofwater,landandfertilizer.Foodwasteinlandfillscreatesmethane—apowerfulgreenhousegas.Thisgasisaboutsevenpercentoftotalpollutionworldwide.Reducingfoodwastecanmakeadifference.Composting(堆制肥料)isonesolution.However,thereareotherwaystoreducefoodwaste.Extendingexpiration(终结)dateswillreducewaste.Sellingsmallerbagsoffoodalsowillreducewaste.Anexpertsaid,“Weneedtofindwaystodealwithfoodwaste,butmostimportantly,weneedtopreventitatthefirstplace.”1．WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinParagraph2?A．Manypeoplearefacinghunger.B．Foodwasteislikelytoincrease.C．Foodwasteiscausedforvariousreasons.D．Theproblemoffoodwasteisveryserious.2．Whatisthebestsolutiontofoodwaste?A．Toputpreventionfirst. B．Tobuildmorelandfills.C．Toextendshelflifeoffood. D．Tomakeitintousefulmaterials.3．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor?A．Heisaneditor. B．HeisaTVreporter.C．Heisapublicofficial. D．Heisaprofessorassistant.4．HowisParagraph2developed?A．Bylistingdata. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byprovidingdefinitions. D．Bymakingcomparisons.5.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三5月适应性考试】Haveyouevertakenapersonalitytestandfoundtheresultstobescarilyaccurate,checkedyourhoroscope(星象学)andhadeverythingcometrueortakenanonlinequizthattoldyoupreciselywhatyourfavoriteDisneyprincessmeansaboutyou?Well,wecertainlyhavedonesotoomanytimes,sowedecidedtodoalittleinvestigationintohowInternetquizzes,magazinesandhoroscopebooksseemtoknowussowell.Wediscoveredthatwe’veallbeenfallingvictimtotheBarnumeffect.TheBarnumEffectisthephenomenonthatoccurswhenindividualsbelievethatpersonalitydescriptionsapplyspecificallytothem,despitethefactthatthedescriptionisactuallyfilledwithinformationthatappliestoeveryone.ItwasnamedafterP.T.Barnum,afamous19thcenturyshowman,whowouldfamouslysay,“There’safoolborneveryminute.”Indeed,Barnumprovedtoberight,aspseudoscience(伪科学)—suchasastrologyandpersonalitytest—remainspopulartothisday.TheBarnumeffectexplainswhyextremelygeneralstatements,suchastheresultsofyourpersonalitytest,seemsospecifictoyou.Don’tbelieveus?Well,latepsychologyprofessorBertramForerofferedsomeproof.Inahistoricstudy,Forerconductedapersonalitytesttohisstudents.Forercopiedstatementssuchas“Youhaveagreatneedforotherpeopletolikeandadmireyou.”and“Youhaveatendencytobecriticalofyourself”fromthenewspaper’shoroscopecolumnandgaveatesttoeverystudent,Foreraskedhisstudentstoratetheaccuracyofthetestfromonetofive,with“one”beingtheleastaccurateand“five”beingthemostaccurate.Theaverageratingwas4.26.TheuniversallyhighratingsfromstudentsonthepersonalitytestsupportedtheBarnumeffect.Oneofthemostimportantfactorswhenreproducingthisstudyistokeepthestatementsasvagueaspossible,withamixofmostlypositiveandsomenegativecontent.Forexample,usingthephrase“attimes”makesforapowerfulBarnumEffect.See“Attimesyouareextrovertedandsociable,whileatothertimesyouareintrovertedandreserved”—whowouldnotagreewiththatstatement?So,keepinmindthatwearenotimmunetotheBarnumeffect.Takeeverythingyouhearwithseveralgrainsofsalt.1．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?A．Topresentacontroversialopinion. B．Toprovideanexampleofanidea.C．Toofferasolutiontoaproblem. D．Todefinethemeaningofaterm.2．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．PotentialapplicationoftheBarnumeffect. B．FurtherexplanationoftheBarnumeffect.C．SupportingevidencefortheBarnumeffect. D．Areasonabledoubtoftheresearchprocess.3．Whydosomanypeoplebelievethestatementsinhoroscopeandpersonalitytests?A．Theyaresospecific. B．Theyareambiguous.C．Theyarepositive. D．Theyarebelievable.4．Howisthepassageorganized?A．Problem—solution. B．Cause—effect.C．Phenomenon—analysis. D．Claim—counterclaim.6.【2023届重庆市巴蜀中学校高考适应性模拟预测5月】“Iknowwhentogoout,andwhentostayin.”,EnglishrockstarDavidBowieonceconfidentlysanginhishitsingle.Whenitcomestoconsumingfood,thedecisivenessclaimedbythesinger-songwriterishardtoachieve.Idisagreewiththestatementandargueit’sbettertoeatoutthantoorderhomedelivery.Tobeginwith,whensettingfootinarestaurant,we’reimmediatelygreetednotonlybyaserverreadytoseatus,butbyafloodofphysicalfeelings—theeyestakeintheinternaldecorationoftheplace,thenosebreathesinthepleasantsmellofexpertlyplatedfoodandtheearspickuponcompetingsoundsofcustomerchatterandattractivein-storemusic.Toeatoutistoexperienceanatmosphereuniquetoeachrestaurant.Somethingasspecialasthatsimplycan’tbereproducedbyorderinghomedelivery.Eatingoutis,withoutdoubt,themoreexcitingandthusbetterchoice.Eatingoutbecomesevenmoreappealingwhenstayinghomeprovestoopainful.Whetheritisbecauseweneedatemporaryfightfromourfamilyorthatwesimplywanttospendsomequalitytimeoutsidewithlovedones,goingoutforamealcanbeabreakfromthehardlabourofdomesticliving.Wecouldtakeitasanopportunityforself-care—totreatourselvesbydressingup,arrivinginstyleatafancyrestaurantandorderingaslightlymoreluxuriousmealtorefreshourwearysoul.Orderinghomedeliverywouldonlycontributetofeelingsofbeingpennedinwhile;eatingoutisanescapeforthetrappedindividual.Fooddeliveryappusersreasonit’satroubleandlessconvenienttodressupandeatout.However,it’sworthnotingwemaynotalwaysgetourfoodinthemostsatisfactoryconditionwhenoptingforhomedelivery.There’sariskofreceivingfoodorderswithmissingitemsorevenentirelywrongordersthatcan’tbesentback.Whatwesacrificeforconveniencemightjustwindupbeinginconvenient.Consequently,itmakesmoresensetoeatoutratherthanriskdisappointmentbyorderinghomedelivery.1．Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkabout?A．Diningoptions. B．Cuisineculture.C．Consumptionlevel. D．Foodcategories.2．Whatadvantageofeatingoutishighlightedinparagraph2?A．Qualityservice. B．Comfortandconvenience.C．Sensoryenjoyment. D．Areasonablemixofnutrition.3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkoforderinghomedelivery?A．It’squitepricey. B．Itmayletconsumersdown.C．Itmaycausefoodwaste. D．It’snotenvironmental-friendly.4．Howisthetextdeveloped?A．Byprovidingexamples. B．Byfollowingspaceorder.C．Bymakingcomparisons. D．Byanalyzingmentalprocesses.真题感知1.D【2021·北京卷】Earlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt．Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim．AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit．Today'sstate-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright．Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking．Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute．Whatif，insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology？Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（节奏）ofhumanlife？We'reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone，andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（调节）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance．Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat？Recently，Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet，conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming．We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers，whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges．We'veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate．Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage，theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime．Iftheyrunslower，you'llseetheoppositeeffect．Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics．It'sasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe（时间框架），andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones．AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththeplanet．Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies．Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars，earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena．Inpre-ClassicalGreece，forinstance，people“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardorbackwardtoreflectthechangeofseason．Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival．Likewise，rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redeveloping